Abstract: The present invention relates to a sputtering target of a multi-component single body, a preparation method thereof, and a method for fabricating a multi-component alloy-based nanostructured thin film using the same. The sputtering target according to the present invention comprises an amorphous or partially crystallized glass-forming alloy system composed of a nitride forming metal element, which is capable of reacting with nitrogen to form a nitride, and a non-nitride forming element which has no or low solid solubility in the nitride forming metal element and does not react with nitrogen or has low reactivity with nitrogen, wherein the nitrogen forming metal element comprises at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Y, Mo, W, Al, and Si, and the non-nitride forming element comprises at least one element selected from Mg, Ca, Sc, Ni, Cu, Ag, In, Sn, La, Au, and Pb.

Abstract: A controlled combustion synthesis apparatus comprises an ignition system, a pressure sensor for detecting internal pressure, a nitrogen supply, a gas pressure control valve for feeding nitrogen and exhausting reaction gas, means for detecting the internal temperature of the reaction container, a water cooled jacket, and a cooling plate. A temperature control system controls the temperature of the reaction container by controlling the flow of cooling water supplied to the jacket and the cooling plate in response to the detected temperature. By combustion synthesizing, while controlling the internal pressure and temperature, the apparatus can synthesize a silicon alloy including 30-70 wt. % silicon, 10-45 wt. % nitrogen, 1-40 wt. % aluminum, and 1-40 wt % oxygen.

Abstract: Nanoporous polystyrene matrix can be fabricated from the self-assembly of degradable block copolymer, polystyrene-b-poly(L-lactide) (PS-PLLA), followed by the hydrolysis of PLLA blocks. Metal is deposited in nanopores of the PS matrix using the nanoporous PS as a template via electroless plating. After subsequent UV degradation of the PS matrix, metal in the nanopores remains, yielding a metal nanostructure. The metal nanostructure may be a gyroid nanostructure, helical nanostructure or columnar nanastructure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of alkylalkoxysulfonates for the production of foams, which are stable at high temperatures, e.g. up to about 250° C. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing of high temperature stable foams by using a foamable aqueous composition comprising at least one linear alkylalkoxysulfonate.

Abstract: Embodiments of an aluminum dross cooling head are disclosed. The cooling cooperates with a material container encapsulate dross and reduce thermiting of the dross. In one embodiment, the cooling head also serves as a compression head when forced into the dross by a cooperating dross press assembly.

Abstract: Carbon iron composite is produced by feeding a formed product of a carbon-containing substance and an iron-containing substance into a carbonization furnace, carbonizing the formed product in a carbonization zone, blowing a coolant gas into the furnace through a coolant-gas-blowing tuyere disposed in a cooling zone to cool carbon iron composite, exhausting a furnace gas through an outlet in a top portion, and discharging the carbon iron composite through a lower portion of the cooling zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling the thermal balance of the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and to a concentrate burner for feeding reaction gas and pulverous solid mater into the reaction shaft of the suspension smelting furnace. In the method, endothermic material (16) is fed by the concentrate burner (4) to constitute part of the mixture formed from the powdery solid matter (6) and reaction gas (5), so that a mixture containing the powdery solid matter (6), reaction gas (5) and endothermic material (6) is formed in the reaction shaft (2). The concentrate burner (4) comprises cooling agent feeding equipment (15) for adding the endothermic material (16) to constitute part of the mixture, which is formed from the pulverous solid matter (6) that discharges from the orifice (8) of the feeder pipe and the reaction gas (5) that discharges through the annular discharge orifice (14).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an agglomerate, which is used as a blast furnace feed material, by mixing a fine material containing metal and/or metal oxide, a mineral binder, which comprises a mineral raw material and a lime-based material, and optionally other additives to form a mass and solidifying the mass to form an agglomerate, wherein a raw material comprising a silicon oxide fraction of at least 40 wt %, a fine grain fraction of less than 4 ?m of at least 20 wt %, and a grain size fraction of less than 1 ?m of at least 10 wt % is used as the mineral raw material. The invention further relates to a blast furnace feed material that can be produced by means of the method according to the invention, and to a pre-mixture for producing the blast furnace feed material.

Abstract: Powder which is for a flux-cored wire intended to become alloyed with a molten metal bath and which is formed by particles composed with at least 95% of sulphur, characterised in that its granulometric population is defined by: ?1 ?m?d10?340 ?m; ?200 ?m d50?2000 ?m; ?500 ?m d90?2900 ?m. Sulphur-based flux-cored wire, characterised in that it contains the preceding powder, and in that the compaction rate of the powder within the wire is greater than or equal to 85%. Method for producing a sulphur-based flux-cored wire for alloying with molten metal baths.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide hydrocarbon additives and methods of making and using the same. The additives are suitable for use in conjunction with gasifiers, furnaces, or other high-temperature vessels. The additives may be part of an input stream to a reaction vessel of a hydrocarbon gasifier. The additives may include materials that at least partially reduce the infiltration of slag into the refractory material.

Abstract: A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The first material contains a first ingredient in a metallurgical process. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition. In one form, the granules comprise mill scale and the metallurgical process furnace is a blast furnace.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a plurality of hard particles surrounded by a matrix material comprising a plurality of nanoparticles. Earth boring tools including the composite material and methods of forming the composite material are also disclosed. A polycrystalline material having a catalyst material including nanoparticles in interstitial spaces between inter-bonded crystals of the polycrystalline material and methods of forming the polycrystalline material are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a processing method for converting slag ejected from a converter in a copper smelting process to raw materials for iron manufacture. The processing method is for converter slag containing 1 mass % or more of Cu produced in a copper smelting process. The processing method comprises a step of charging the converter slag in a reduction furnace, and a step of conducting a heat reduction of a zinc content and a copper content contained in the slag and removing a reduced zinc by volatilization in the reduction furnace. The removal of the reduced zinc by volatilization is conducted in a condition in which an air fuel ratio of a volume of air blowing to an input of a reductant is controlled to 0.25 to 1.0.

Abstract: A carbonaceous bed in a reactor includes carbon bearing material that is not coke and rather includes natural wood blocks or bricks formed of non-coke carbonaceous material in a binder along with, as options, other constituents such as catalysts and fluxing agents. The bed reduces the amount of coke required in processes such as for syngas production. Such non-coke units are applicable to an original carbonaceous bed in a reactor and also to replenishment of reacted carbon in the original bed. The bed may include ungasified carbon particulate matter separated from gaseous reaction products of a gasification reactor, either in non-coke bricks or otherwise applied, as may other carbonaceous material often regarded as waste such as spent potliner material from aluminum making and soot residue from a gasification reactor. Certain reactor structural modifications can also result in reduced consumption of carbon in a bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a process for removing dissolved or colloidal silica from a pregnant leach solution (“PLS”). More particularly, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates to a process which mixes PLS with an acid source, preferably lean electrolyte, to induce formation of colloidal silica that can then be collected and removed. Additionally, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, at least one silica seeding agent is added to induce formation of colloidal silica, at least one flocculant is added to induce aggregation of the colloidal silica, and a solid-liquid separation process is utilized to remove advantageous amounts or substantially all of the colloidal silica, thereby providing relief from supersaturation of dissolved silica in the metal recovery processes.

Abstract: A treated refractory material includes a sintered porous refractory material having one or more protective materials disposed within pores of the refractory material, wherein the protective material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, silica, rare earth oxides, rare earth zirconates, titanium oxide, mullite, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, and blends thereof. Methods of preparing the treated refractory material are also provided. The treated refractory material provides protection from the penetration of slag and extends the service life of the refractory.

Abstract: Embodiments of an aluminum dross cooling head are disclosed. The cooling cooperates with a material container encapsulate dross and reduce thermiting of the dross. In one embodiment, the cooling head also serves as a compression head when forced into the dross by a cooperating dross press assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for synthesizing a nanoparticle using a carbene derivative. More specifically, provided is a method for synthesizing a nanoparticle by adding one or more precursors to an organic solvent to grow a crystal, wherein a specific carbene derivative is used as the precursor.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes a process for production and recovery of no-carrier-added radioactive tin (NCA radiotin). An antimony target can be irradiated with a beam of accelerated particles forming NCA radiotin, followed by separation of the NCA radiotin from the irradiated target. The target is metallic Sb in a hermetically sealed shell. The shell can be graphite, molybdenum, or stainless steel. The irradiated target can be removed from the shell by chemical or mechanical means, and dissolved in an acidic solution. Sb can be removed from the dissolved irradiated target by extraction. NCA radiotin can be separated from the remaining Sb and other impurities using chromatography on silica gel sorbent. NCA tin-117m can be obtained from this process. NCA tin-117m can be used for labeling organic compounds and biological objects to be applied in medicine for imaging and therapy of various diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparation of a material adapted to reversible storage of hydrogen, including steps consisting of providing a first powder of a magnesium-based material, hydrogenating the first powder to convert at least part of the first powder into metal hydrides, mixing the first hydrogenating powder with a second powder additive, the proportion by mass of the second powder in the mix obtained being between 1% and 20% by mass, wherein the additive is formed from an alloy with a centred cubic structure based on titatnium, vanadium and at least one other metal chosen from chromium or manganese, and grinding the mix of first and second powders.

Abstract: A method for operating a blast furnace and a corresponding blast furnace, the method including recovering top gas from the blast furnace, submitting at least a portion of the top gas to a recycling process, and feeding the recycled top gas back into the blast furnace, where the recycling process includes feeding the recovered top gas to a reformer unit, feeding volatile carbon containing material to the reformer unit, proceeding to flash gasification of the volatile carbon containing material in the reformer unit, at a temperature between 1100 and 1300° C., and thereby producing devolatised carbonaceous material and synthesis, and allowing the devolatised carbonaceous material and synthesis gas to react with the recovered top gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a desulfurizing agent of improved oxidation resistance, ignition resistance and productivity, and a method for manufacturing the desulfurizing agent. The desulfurizing agent may include a plurality of magnesium-aluminum alloy grains with grain boundaries, and a compound of one selected from consisting of magnesium and aluminum and one selected from consisting of alkaline metal and alkaline earth metal, the compound existing in the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside of the magnesium-aluminum alloy grains.

Abstract: An indium adsorbent includes a polymer material having a template architecture with respect to indium, the indium adsorbent having an adsorption selection rate of indium with respect to zinc of 2.0 or more.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of controlling metal nanowire morphologies by adjusting the reaction conditions of a polyol synthesis. In particular, by purging the reaction with an inert gas, batch-to-batch consistency can be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a foaming slag former 40 for electric arc furnaces 1, with at least 20 wt. % of solid slag particles, to the product of this process, and to its use in electric arc furnaces 1. The process of the invention comprises the steps of aggregating solid slag particles into a coarser granular material 33 and carbonating them to produce said slag former 40. In a preferred embodiment, said solid slag particles are aggregated before said carbonation, so that the carbonates form a solid matrix binding the particles together.

Abstract: A target includes: at least one refractory metal element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, and lanthanoids; at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ge, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Fe, Si, Mg, and Ga; and at least one chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, and Te.

Abstract: A method of making palladium-containing nanoscale catalyst particles comprising subjecting a starting material to laser energy so as to form a vapor and condensing the vapor so as to form the catalyst particles. The catalyst comprises nanoscale particles of palladium and/or palladium oxide incorporated in and/or on nanoscale particles of a metal or metal oxide. The nanoscale catalyst, which can be incorporated in the tobacco cut filler, cigarette wrapper and/or cigarette filter of a cigarette, is useful for low-temperature and near-ambient temperature catalysis. The nanoscale catalyst can convert carbon monoxide and nitric oxide that are found in mainstream smoke to carbon dioxide and nitrogen, respectively. The nanoscale catalyst may also be incorporated into a hydrocarbon conversion reactor, into a vehicle exhaust emissions system, into a laser, into a fuel cell or used in an air filter or for emissions reduction in the cold starting of an automobile engine.

Abstract: The present invention provides solution to the problem involved in preparation of metal nanosponges using templates and polymers. The instant invention is successful in providing a simple, template free single step process for the preparation of metal nanosponges having porous low density and high surface area. These metal nanosponges were found to be good self-supported substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and have shown significant anti-bacterial activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a process for removing dissolved or colloidal silica from a pregnant leach solution (“PLS”). More particularly, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates to a process which mixes PLS with an acid source, preferably lean electrolyte, to induce formation of colloidal silica that can then be collected and removed. Additionally, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, at least one silica seeding agent is added to induce formation of colloidal silica, at least one flocculant is added to induce aggregation of the colloidal silica, and a solid-liquid separation process is utilized to remove advantageous amounts or substantially all of the colloidal silica, thereby providing relief from supersaturation of dissolved silica in the metal recovery processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a high-quality reduced metal using an upgraded coal as a carbonaceous material to be incorporated. In the method, coal is first aged by heating in an organic solvent to produce upgraded coal for metallurgy having higher thermal plasticity than that of the coal. Then, a mixture of the upgraded coal for metallurgy and a metal oxide-containing raw material is agglomerated by an agglomerator, and the resultant agglomerates are reduced by heating in a furnace and then melted by further heating to produce a reduced melt. The reduced melt is cooled and solidified in the furnace to produce a reduced solid. The reduced solid is discharged to the outside of the furnace and slag is removed using a screen to recover a metal as a reduced metal.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods for synthesizing single-crystalline zero-valent metal nanorings, such as single-crystalline copper nanorings, are described herein. The methods include providing a solution containing a metal cation, a complexing agent bound to the metal cation, thereby forming a metal complex that is at least partially soluble in the solution, and a reducing agent operable for reducing the metal complex to a zero-valent metal and then heating the solution for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature until zero-valent metal nanorings form. The solution may be an aqueous solution in an embodiment. Single-crystalline metal nanorings produced by the methods described herein may have a diameter less than about 100 ?m and a wall thickness between about 10 nm and about 500 nm.

Abstract: A method for producing char and fuel gas includes degasifying a carbonaceous material with oxygen-containing gases in a fluidized bed reactor at a temperature of more than about 1000° C. and at a pressure of from about 1 bar to about 40 bar. A supply of oxygen within the fluidized bed reactor is adjusted so as to recover more than 60% of fixed carbon in the carbonaceous material in a char product, and an oxygen availability in a lower or bottom region of the fluidized bed reactor is less than 80% of an oxygen availability in an upper region of the fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: Powder which is for a flux-cored wire intended to become alloyed with a molten metal bath and which is formed by particles composed with at least 95% of sulphur, characterised in that its granulometric population is defined by: —1 ?m?d10?340 ?m; —200 ?m d50?2000 ?m; —500 ?m d90?2900 ?m. Sulphur-based flux-cored wire, characterised in that it contains the preceding powder, and in that the compaction rate of the powder within the wire is greater than or equal to 85%. Method for producing a sulphur-based flux-cored wire for alloying with molten metal baths.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a shaft furnace (10). According to said method, an upper region (14) of the shaft furnace (10) is charged with raw materials which sink in the shaft furnace (10) under the influence of gravity. Part of the raw materials is melted and/or at least partially reduced by the action of the atmosphere inside the shaft furnace (10). A treatment gas is introduced in a lower region (18) of the shaft furnace (10) by means of at least one lower admission opening (32), said treatment gas at least partially influencing the atmosphere inside the shaft furnace (10). The introduction of the lower treatment gas is dynamically modulated such that, during the modulation, the operating variables, that is pressure p1 and/or volume flow (I), are varied at least temporarily over a time span of ?40 s, especially ?20 s, preferably ?5 s and especially preferably ?1 s.

Abstract: There is provided a method for fabricating a dual microstructure component that may in turn be machined to fabricate a rotary element such as an impeller characterized as capable of withstanding high heat conditions for use in a gas turbine engine. The method provides a nickel based superalloy suitable for application of an impeller in a gas turbine engine. The bore region is manufactured having a grain size finer than ASTM 10.0 and the body region is manufactured having a grain size coarser than ASTM 7.0. The bore region and the body region define a dual microstructure and an interface.

Abstract: The invention relates to steel production in the steel and iron industry. The inventive method consists in dividing a solid slag stream which flows from a metallurgical vessel and falls down, into individual streams along the solid stream, in forcedly cooling the thus obtained individual streams, in dividing the individual streams into parts (pieces) by cutting across the movement thereof, in forcedly cooling said parts and transferring to a belt conveyor, on which said separate parts/pieces are forcedly cooled and transported away from the vessel. A shaped (with containers) conveyor belt, on which the slag pieces are crushed by means of a cylindrical roll, is used for additional crushing. The inventive device for carrying out the totality of the above-listed operations, comprises at least three throat grates which are horizontally positioned in an assembled body and one of which is provided with a drive for carrying out reciprocating motion.

Abstract: Provided are self-fluxing pellets for a blast furnace, characterized in that a CaO/SiO2 mass ratio C/S is 0.8 or more and a MgO/SiO2 mass ratio M/S is 0.4 or more; when an iron content (mass %) in the entire pellet is represented by % TFe, % TFe is 65 or less; and a temperature Ts (unit: ° C.) at which the pressure loss starts to increase sharply in a loaded high-temperature reduction test and which is calculated by the equation below is 1290° C.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate with cryo-milled, nano-grained particles includes forming a face-centered-cubic gamma matrix comprising nickel, cobalt, chromium, tungsten and molybdenum, adding a dispersion strengthening material to the gamma matrix to form a first mixture, cryo-milling the first mixture to form a second mixture to form a nano-grained structure, and cold spraying the second mixture onto a substrate to form a coating having a nano-grained structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrogen generating microporous metals, methods for preparing microporous metals, and methods for producing hydrogen from water using the metals and systems of the invention. In particular, microporous metals selected from the group comprising aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), capable of producing hydrogen upon reaction of the metal with water having a neutral pH are provided. Methods for preparing microporous metals comprising the steps of selecting a metal that is sufficiently electropositive (i.e. water reactive); and introducing microporosity in the selected metal by means of mechanical deformation, or metallurgical techniques, in order to generate the microporous metal are also provided, as is a method for producing hydrogen comprising reacting a microporous metal powder with water at a pH of between 4 and 10.

Abstract: A method for producing a Ferro-alloy in an electric arc furnace is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of removing steel from a carbon-containing organic material, and charging the furnace with the carbon-containing organic material product.

Abstract: A method of making a treating wash includes mixing brass granules with acetone, mixing carbon nanotube material, iron pyrite granules and copper granules in the acetone brass mixture, and straining the liquid from the remaining solid material. Methods of treating materials such as brass granules, iron pyrite granules, carbon nanotube material, and brass granules comprises washing the materials in the treating wash, followed by straining and drying the materials.

Abstract: An agglomerate comprising alumina, carbon, and a binder for use in a vapor recovery reactor of a carbothermic alumina reduction furnace is disclosed. A method for using alumina-carbon agglomerates to capture aluminum vapor species and utilize waste heat from off-gases in a vapor recovery reactor to form a recyclable material is also disclosed.

Abstract: Method for chemical bonding of fiberglass fibers to steel surfaces to prepare the steel for bonding with carbon composite material. This fiber-bonding step greatly increases the strength of the subsequent metal-composite bond. The fiberglass fibers which are chemically bonded to the steel provide a high surface area interface to entangle with carbon fibers in the composite component, and thereby inhibit crack formation on the boundary surface between the steel and composite components when they are bonded together.

Abstract: The present invention provides metal nanowires containing at least metal nanowires having a diameter of 50 nm or less and a major axis length of 5 ?m or more in an amount of 50% by mass or more in terms of metal amount with respect to total metal particles.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing liquid-metal composite contacts, where fabric of high-melting metal based wire is in the form of a strip, rolled into a cylindrical workpiece, and installed into a matrix. The workpiece is then pressed, reduced in an environment of hydride hydrogen in a vacuum furnace, and soaked with low-melting metal or alloy, where the soaking of the structure is performed with three metals, tin (Sn), indium (In) and gallium (Ga) within three sequential stages lasting 10 to 20 minutes each, namely, the structure is first soaked with liquid tin at a temperature of 750 to 1150° C., then with liquid indium at the temperature of 750 to 1000° C., and third with liquid gallium at the temperature of 700 to 900° C. The amount of liquid tin, indium, and gallium is proportional to eutectic mixture and volume of the pores in the structure.

Abstract: A method for preheating iron agglomerate by a hot gas stream having the following steps: supplying the iron agglomerate in an iron agglomerate bed; heating the gas to the preheating temperature in a heat exchanger; and passing the hot gas through the iron agglomerate bed, the gas flow rate being such that the temperature drop of the hot gas occurs over a relatively thin layer in the iron agglomerate bed so that a temperature front moves through the bed in the course of heating.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material substitute product for blast furnace metallurgical coal and method of making the carbonaceous material is disclosed. A metallurgical coal substitute material is made from non-metallurgical grade coal or other carbon sources.

Abstract: A high dimensional cored wire is provided containing de-oxidant material arranged in a core of the wire, the de-oxidant material being in finely divided granular or powdery form coated with a protective coating material, the diameter of the the cored wire varying between 13 and 40 mm. A process for manufacturing the wire is also provided.

Abstract: A molded body containing titanium, a method for the production thereof, and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing high-purity hydrogen storage alloy Mg2Ni applicable to industry and capable of manufacturing continuously. First, raw materials of magnesium-nickel with weight percentage of nickel between 23.5 and 50.2 are heated, melt, and mixed uniformly. Cool the magnesium-nickel liquid and control the temperature to be above the solidification temperature and below the liquification temperature in the phase diagram of magnesium-nickel. By making advantage of segregation principle in phase diagrams, solid-state high-purity ?-phase Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy is given. Then high-purity ?-phase Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy with atomic ratio of 2:1, no other phases, and with excellent hydrogen absorption-desorption dynamics is given.