Abstract: A method and apparatus for mixing viscous material, includes placing ingredients of the viscous material within a vessel. An air tight seal is created about the vessel. A vacuum is pulled on the vessel, and the ingredients are mixed within the vessel to form the viscous material while under vacuum. The vacuum is sufficient to reduce the amount of total air content in viscous material to between 0.9% and 0.1% by volume prior to an air entraining agent being added to the viscous material. Once air entraining agent is added, further mixing of the ingredients forms entrained air content in the final viscous material, while the amount of entrapped air in the final viscous material remains reduced.

Abstract: A backerboard sheet is for moist areas and includes a core having opposing first and second major surfaces, at least one moisture-resistant face layer on at least one of the first and second major surfaces of the core; and wherein the core includes aerated concrete. The provision of aerated concrete for the core provides many key advantages over conventional backerboard sheets, such as gypsum greenboard or cementitious backerboard, for example. The at least one moisture-resistant face layer may include fibers, such as arranged in a woven mesh. The fibers may include at least one of glass, plastic, and metal. In addition, the at least one moisture-resistant face layer may further include a moisture-resistant material incorporating the fibers, such as a suitable resin, for example.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition for producing a running surface layer or capping layer, in particular for roads or industrial floors. The composition includes a non-modified bitumen emulsion, a hydraulic binder, aggregates and optionally water. The composition has hydraulic binder content C1 between 12 wt. % and 30 wt. % relative to the total weight of the dry constituents of the composition; the ratio R1 of the sum of bitumen volumes and hydraulic binder over the volume of aggregates ranges is between 20% and 150%; and the non-modified bitumen emulsion is at least a non-ionic surfactant. A method for preparing the composition and its use for producing a running surface layer or capping layer is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are formulations adapted to form a foamed cementitious composition, the foamed cementitious composition itself, a method of forming a hydraulic binder foam, and a method of conveying and applying the resulting foam to a substrate. A pumpable cementitious slurry is formed, the slurry is mixed with a gas such as air, and is subjected to mechanically created turbulence to generate gas bubbles and create a foam, which preferably is stabilized by a foam stabilizing agent such as polyvinyl alcohol present in the slurry. The foam is then conveyed to a nozzle or other suitable dispense point from which it is applied, for example sprayed, preferably uniformly, onto a substrate to be coated. Prior to dispensing, a set accelerator is preferably injected, which causes the foam to gel, which in turn improves the hangability of the product on a substrate. The spray material adheres to the substrate and hardens to form an insulative coating on the substrate.

Abstract: Airport concrete pavement for aprons, taxiways, hard standings, runway ends for distance of 1,000 ft., and hangar floors as critical areas and concrete pavement for runways (central portion) and some high-speed exit taxiways as noncritical areas of airport are designed with the preset strength safety levels corresponding to strength safety indexes &bgr; equal at least to about 3 and 2.5, respectively. Thickness of these pavements is less by 8-10% and 5-10% for critical and noncritical areas of airport, respectively, than that provided by thickness design according to Portland Cement Association Engineering Bulletin (Design of Concrete Airport Pavement, Portland Cement Association, EB 050P). It is achieved due to more complete utilization of flexural strength of concrete than that provided by the current Portland Cement Association design practice.

Abstract: A method for promoting cement or concrete set on demand for concrete that has been chemically retarded by adding carbon fiber to the concrete, which enables it to become electrically conductive, sodium tartrate retardant, and copper sulfate which forms a copper tartrate complex in alkaline concrete mixes. Using electricity, the concrete mix anodically converts the retarding tartrate to an insoluble polyester polymer. The carbon fibers act as a continuous anode surface with a counter electrode wire embedded in the mix. Upon energizing, the retarding effect of tartrate is defeated by formation of the polyester polymer through condensation esterification thereby allowing the normal set to proceed unimpeded.

Abstract: A method and cement composition is provided for sealing a subterranean zone penetrated by a well bore, wherein the cement composition comprises zeolite, cementitious material, and water sufficient to form a slurry.

Abstract: A concrete in which the aggregate of sand and stones in at least partially replaced by crushed glass. The sand fraction may be replaced by a glass of grain size 0-5 mm, a non-alkali reactive mineral with grain size 0-5 mm or a combination thereof. The stone fraction may be replaced by glass of grain size 5-20 mm. The concrete further may further comprise silica dust, fly ash or crushed slag.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of delaying the set time of cement and to compositions produced therefrom. The set time of hydraulic cement mixtures of fly ash pozzolans, specifically Class C and Class F, and Portland cement can be delayed by controlling the pH of a retarder slurry that is mixed with the dry components of the composition. The pH of the retarder slurry is controlled by balancing the salts therein such that the retarder slurry is acidic, or having a pH less than 7. The slurry activator of the present invention generally includes a pH balancing agent, an acid component, and water. The pH balancing agent can include any basic alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or a salt of the acid component. The acid component may include a hydroxycarboxylic acid, preferably citric acid. Slower setting mortar and concrete compositions having high strength can be prepared with this hydraulic cement.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a portland cement substitute which shows no deterioration of various characteristics (e.g., bending strength) even when incorporated with chips or wastes discharged from a hard cemented chip board production process at 20% by weight or more to reutilize them, method for producing the same easily and economically, hard cemented chip board comprising the same, and method for producing hard cemented chip boards comprising the same.

Abstract: The water necessary for the production of concrete is replaced by a super-cooled, cooling transfer agent, comprising snow crystals. The cooling transfer agent is produced by mixing water with air and a cooling medium, such as liquid nitrogen, to give a cold gas mixture. The cold gas mixture is sprayed in the form of a cold gas stream. The snow crystals thus formed from the water are brought to a low temperature, of, for example, below minus 30° C. and added to the mixture of binding agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to settable compositions for general purpose concrete construction containing Class-F fly ash, Class-C fly ash or slag, and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) as a substantial replacement for Portland cement conventionally used in such compositions. The potassium sulfate is an additive for improved high early strength and accelerated setting times, thereby allowing the concrete structure to be put into service sooner, reducing labor cost, and allowing precast concrete and concrete masonry manufacturers to achieve rapid form and mold turnover.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cementing composition for an oil well or the like with porosity of less than 50%, and with a solid phase constituted by 35% to 65% (by volume) hollow microspheres, 20% to 45% Class G Portland cement, and 5% to 25% of Class G Portland micro-cement. The invention is used to cement conductor pipes in arctic zones or in deep water holes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to admixtures production and to a method of application of the admixtures in cement and concrete technology. The method allows production of high-strength and high durable cement based systems, as well as cement systems with specially designed properties of cheap high-volume mineral admixture cements.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive made up of chemical substances, non toxic for the human being neither for the environment, that stabilizes the attle without necessity of cooking neither compression, applicable for constructions/buildings in general, and specially, for housings of social interest, to be resistant, economic, stable, acoustic, thermal, etc. The material for construction including this additive, as well as its preparation process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are structural material for bullet traps and the like, a method of producing it, and a structure comprising it. The material is suitable for entraining and immobilizing projectiles and fine particles in a sticky gel. It is prepared by mixing cement with a thickener to form a dry mixture. Water is mixed with a fine aggregate in a mixer. The dry mixture is combined with the aqueous mixture in the mixer to form a slurry. Calcium phosphate and an alumina compound are added, mixing each separately until homogeneous. The density of the mixture is measured and an aqueous foam is added to adjust the density to a pre-specified level. Fibers are mixed into the adjusted mixture to form a homogeneous slurry that may be poured into a mold or in place at a construction site. Upon curing, the material may be used as a structural component.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an acoustically absorbent porous panel that is both rigid and resistant to sagging caused by moisture. The acoustically absorbent porous panel is comprised of at least two layers. The first layer is a facing layer formed from a cured aqueous foamed cementitious material. The foamed cementitious material comprises on a wet basis about 53% to about 68% by weight cement, about 17% to about 48% by weight water, about 0.05% to about 5% by weight fiber, and about 0.01% to about 10% by weight surfactant. Additionally, pores distributed within the cured material comprising about 75% to about 95% by volume of the material. The second layer is a backing layer that is affixed to the facing layer.

Abstract: Provided are an improved structural material for bullet traps and the like, a method of producing it, and a structure comprising it. The material is suitable for entraining and immobilizing projectiles and fine particles in a sticky gel. It is prepared by mixing cement with a thickener to form a dry mixture. Water is mixed with a fine aggregate in a mixer. The dry mixture is combined with the aqueous mixture in the mixer to form a slurry. Calcium phosphate and an aluminum compound are added, mixing each separately until homogeneous. The density of the mixture is measured and an aqueous foam is added to adjust the density to a pre-specified level. Fibers are mixed into the adjusted mixture to form a homogeneous slurry that may be poured into a mold or in place at a construction site. Upon curing, the material may be used as a structural component.

Abstract: An exemplary surface active agent admixture composition of the invention comprises (1) a first surface active agent comprising a betaine, an alkyl or aryl or alkylaryl sulfonate, or mixture thereof; and (2) a second surface active agent comprising a nonionic oxyalkylene-containing polymer surfactant. The present invention therefore provides a system for ensuring the presence in a hydratable cementitious composition (when hardened) a sufficient air volume and sufficient air void fineness and consistency. Further exemplary admixture compositions may comprise one or more plasticizers and one or more clay activity-modifying agents. Cementitious compositions and methods for modifying cementitious compositions, which incorporate the above-mentioned surface active agent combination, are also described. The invention provides the ability to adjust and stabilize air void systems in hydratable cementitious compositions, while allowing conventional air entraining agent (AEA) dosage practices to be followed.

Abstract: A permeable cement composition comprises an aqueous slurry of a hydraulic cement including a water-immiscible dispersed fluid phase, such as oil or gas, and a hollow particulate material, the hollow particulate material being one which breaks down in the presence of the cement so as to leave voids which together with the dispersed phase create a permeable structure in the cement.

Abstract: A cement mixture is provided for preventing or reducing the formation of micro-cracks during hydration. The cement mixture includes both a conventional cement and a cement micro-encapsulated in a time-release polymer coating. The micro-encapsulated cement does not hydrate until a few hours to a few days after the bulk of the conventional cement has hydrated, thereby allowing for autogenous healing of small cracks.

Abstract: A cementitious shotcrete composition comprising a blend of the following range of ingredients in the following percentages by weight: cement  50% to 99% zeolite 0.3% to 49.3% barite 0.7% to 49.

Abstract: Substantially hydrated cementitious particulates useful for delivering admixtures and additives into adhesives, coatings, paints, and other matrix compositions such as cement, concrete, masonry, mortar, fireproofing, shotcrete, and others. Preferred embodiments include intermixing at least one admixture, water, and hydratable cementitious binder to provide a substantially hydrated hardened mass and comminuting the hardened mass into particulates. Alternatively, or in addition, one or more admixtures may be coated onto the external surface area of the particulates, which are microscopically granulosic, to provide accurate and high level loading.

Abstract: A composition for coloring concrete and methods for making the composition is provided, which includes a hydrophobic efflorescence control agent selected from the group consisting of calcium stearates, zinc stearates, sodium stearates, butyl stearate, stearic acid derivatives, stearic acid salts, and a mixture thereof, a particulated polymer selected from the group consisting of styrene-based polymers and copolymers, acrylic-based polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl acetates, polyepoxides, polyurethanes, butadiene rubbers, and a mixture thereof; and a colorant, wherein the composition improves the durability of the concrete while enhancing the durability and retention of said colorant.

Abstract: A white pozzolan derived from by-products of manufacturing vitreous low alkali, low iron glass fibers, and to the method for producing the white pozzolan. The invention relates as well to cement compositions based on the white pozzolan, such as white and pigmented blended pozzolanic cements of high durability for use in applications such as white or colored architectural concrete, building materials, and manufactured cementitious products. The white pozzolan also functions as a high performance pozzolan with grey cement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fiber/cement composite, the cementitious matrix of which has a water/binder ratio of less than 0.25 and consisting of cement, aggregate elements, fine pozzolanic elements and a plasticizer.

Abstract: Concrete comprising water and cement in which the aggregates of sand and stones wholly or partially are substituted by crushed glass, the substantial part of the sand fraction being substituted either by glass of a grain size of 0-5 mm, by a non alkali reactive mineral with said grain size, or by a combination of said two types of fractions. The substantial part of the stone fraction is substituted by glass of a grain size 5-20 mm. The concrete also comprises silica dust, flyash or finely crushed slag if the finest fraction of glass (0-5 mm) is present in significant amounts in the concrete.

Abstract: Cementitious compositions, which may make use of waste glass, comprise glass material, alkali metal aluminate and a cement. Also provided are cementitious binders and solidifiable cementitious compositions (such as mortars and concretes) incorporating the cementitious compositions. The cementitious composition is mixed with water to form the cementitious binder, and aggregate is added to the cementitious binder to form the solidifiable cementitious compositions. Solidifiable cementitious compositions formed from the cementitious compositions have superior early and long-term strength.

Abstract: A process for making a hydraulic cementitious mixture, which process comprises the steps of: (i) providing a first granular composition (A) comprising expressed in terms of weight percent on an oxide basis: SiO2 55 to 80, Al2O3 10 to 20, Na2O 1 to 10, K2O 1 to 10, Fe2O3 0.5 to 2, SrO 0 to 7, BaO 0 to 7, Ce2O3 0 to 4,CaO 0 to 2, La2O3 0 to 2, Nd2O3 0 to 1, Pr2O3 0 to 0.5, P2O5 0 to 0.5, ZrO2 0 to 0.5, Sb2O3 0 to 0.5, TiO20 to 0.5, MgO 0 to 0.2, MnO 0 to 0.1, wherein the chloride ion content is from 0.013 to 0.05 weight % and the sulphate ion content is from 0.03 to 0.15 weight %, and (ii) providing a second granular composition (B) comprising expressed in terms of weight percent on an oxide basis: CaO 80 to 99, SiO2 1 to 10, Fe2O30.1 to 1.5, MgO 0 to 8, Al2O3 0 to 3, BaO 0 to 2, K2O 0 to 0.4, Na2O 0 to 0.2, SrO 0 to 0.2, MnO 0 to 0.2, Ce2O30 to 0.1, La2O3 0 to 0.1, Pr2O3O 0 to 0.1, P2O5 0 to 0.1, Nd2O3 0 to 0.1, TiO2 0 to 0.1, wherein the chloride ion content is from 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: A method for strengthening a weak stratum using a solidified composition is provided. The method comprises the steps of: forming a horizontal drainage layer on the weak stratum; building-up mound structures on the drainage layer-formed weak stratum to the critical mound height; vertically forming holes in weak stratum; and mixing a first mixture comprising 25-35 parts by weight of cement, and on the basis of 100 parts by weight of the cement, 0.2-0.4 parts by weight of high fluid adjustment and 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of gel retardant, with a second mixture composed of 65-75 parts by weight of dried sand having a particle size of 0.074-5.0 mm, and on the basis of 100 parts by weight of the cement, 0.3-0.8 parts by weight of aluminum powder, then introducing the first and second mixture into the holes.

Abstract: Asphalt emulsions containing emulsifiers comprising alkali metal or ammonium salts of solidified pyrolytic wood tar oil. Resinous compositions useful as asphalt emulsifiers comprising: (a) solidified pyrolytic wood tar oil and salts thereof, and (b) rosins and salts thereof.

Abstract: Systems for retarding setting in an oilfield well cement slurry comprise a solution of a phosphonate selected from methylene phosphonic acid derivatives and a phosphate, in particular selected from the following salts or the corresponding acids: mono-phosphates (ortho-phosphates PO42; meta-phosphates PO3), acyclic poly-phosphates (pyrophosphates P2O74, tripolyphosphates P3O105) or cyclic poly-phosphates. The system preferably may also comprise a retarder booster and is more particularly applicable to cementing at low or medium temperatures.

Abstract: A formulation for preparing a cementitious product comprising a cementitious material, a siliceous material, and a low bulk density material being substantially calcium silicate hydrate and including unreacted siliceous reactant. A method of forming a cementitious product comprises adding a cementitious material, a siliceous material and a low bulk density material to water to form a slurry, forming a green shaped article from the slurry and curing the article in an autoclave, wherein the low bulk density material is substantially calcium silicate hydrate and includes unreacted siliceous reactant.

Abstract: A cement mixture is provided for preventing or reducing the formation of micro-cracks during hydration. The cement mixture includes both a conventional cement and a cement micro-encapsulated in a time-release polymer coating. The micro-encapsulated cement does not hydrate until a few hours to a few days after the bulk of the conventional cement has hydrated, thereby allowing for autogenous healing of small cracks.

Abstract: A cement composition comprising a polymeric latex prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a monomeric mixture comprising styrene and butadiene in the presence of a seed polymer prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization of styrene and a salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing a flowable slurry comprising mixing 25-70 wt. % water; an alkaline material selected from the group consisting of chlorosilicon manufacturing byproducts, direct process residue gels, cement kiln dust, and mixtures thereof; and a process aid selected from the group consisting of sucrose, raffinose, lignin, methylglucopyranoside, lactose, fructose, sodium polyphosphate, trehalose and mixtures thereof to form a flowable slurry. This slurry is especially useful in the manufacture of cement.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved lightweight well cement compositions useful for performing a variety of cementing applications in subterranean formations and particularly for cementing conductor pipe in offshore wells. A preferred cement composition basically comprises a hydraulic cement, an effective amount of an iron salt selected from the group of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride or mixtures thereof to reduce the transition time of the composition, sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry, an effective amount of a foaming additive for producing a foamed slurry, and sufficient gas to foam the slurry.

Abstract: Cementitious compositions and methods for making the compositions wherein the compositions include high volume of mineral admixtures such as fly ash and blast-furnace slag in combination with rice hull ash. In one embodiment, the cementitious composition is a blend of hydraulic cement, rice hull ash and a mineral addition selected from fly ash and blast-furnace slag. The cementitious compositions can advantageously have high early and 28-day compressive strength and a very low permeability rating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in cement for use in concrete of high strength and high flowability, mass concrete, shrinkage compensating concrete or concrete of high resistibility which are employed in the field of engineering and architecture or as building material through incremental launching method or wet formation. When the ratio of Al2O3 to Fe2O3 is regulated to a value of 0.05 to 0.62, the strength of concrete of high strength and high flowability can further be improved, and heat of hydration can be prevented, while improving the flowability of cement and maintaining a long-term strength thereof.

Abstract: Described herein is the use of a combination of organic additives that is particularly advantageous for the preparation of cementitious compositions having a high conservation of the degree of white, which contain in mass a photocatalyst that is able to oxidize, in the presence of light, air and ambient humidity, pollutant substances present in the environment, the said photocatalyst being, in particular, titanium dioxide prevalently in the form of anatase. The above combination of additives comprises the following: a melamine resin; a cellulose ether; a polymer chosen from among an ethylene polymer, an acrylic polymer, and a terpolymer comprising as co-monomers at least one ester of acrylic acid with an alcohol and at least one ester of vinyl alcohol with a carboxylic acid, or alternatively, an acrylic, styrene or butadiene latex; and a chemically modified starch.

Abstract: Composites useful in building structures such as floor tiles, are prepared having a very strong bond between a highly filled polymeric surface layer and a cementitious backing. The composite comprises: a first layer of solid particles intimately mixed with a polymeric binder; a second layer of an organic and/or inorganic solid; and a transitional layer located between the first and second layers comprising both the polymeric binder and the organic and/or inorganic solids wherein the polymeric binder is contained in pockets within the organic and/or inorganic solid and at least some of the pockets of the polymeric binder extend from the first layer.

Abstract: A chemical agent for improving the engineering properties of soil includes a mixture of cementitious pozzalans (5 to 60% by mass), calcium sulphate (20 to 80% by mass), an oxide of calcium (15 to 50% by mass) and silica oxide (1 to 30% by weight). Monofilament fibers can also be included in the mix.

Abstract: Concept for a self-compacting, self-levelling High Performance Concrete by addition of 2-10% palygorskite with an aspect ratio (length:diameter) of more than 35. The addition of palygorskite in combination with a superplasticiser lends itself to control of the ratio between viscosity and yield strength of the fresh concrete. Good visco-elastic properties, which assure high filling capacity, good flow properties and stability of the microstructure are obtained through this concept. Concrete produced in accordance with this invention is particularly characterised by its self-compacting properties, its filling capacity and its high stability during pumping even at high pumping pressures of 100 to 200 bars.

Abstract: A formulation for preparing a cementitious product comprising a cementitious material, a siliceous material, and a low bulk density material being substantially calcium silicate hydrate and including unreacted siliceous reactant. A method of forming a cementitious product comprises adding a cementitious material, a siliceous material and a low bulk density material to water to form a slurry, forming a green shaped article from the slurry and curing the article in an autoclave, wherein the low bulk density material is substantially calcium silicate hydrate and includes unreacted siliceous reactant.

Abstract: A precast concrete plate, such as a roof tile, floor tile, wall tile or house siding, comprises in total from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight of a polymeric modifier having a Tg of above −40° C. The portion of said concrete which comprises no more than about 50% of the thickness of all the concrete which forms the plate, when measured from the bottom surface of the plate towards the top surface of the plate, includes at least about 60% by weight of said polymeric modifier. The plates have a relatively higher degree of resistance to flexural loadings and resistance to impact-impulse loadings in comparison to concrete plates which comprise no polymeric modifier, thus rendering them less likely to be broken or fractured during their storage, transfer and assembly.

Abstract: A hybrid fiber reinforcing system that enhances ductility of concrete at small and large crack openings, while avoiding the necessity of using steel fibers at high (e.g., 1%) volumes, by taking into account Young's modulus, deploying large surface area to volume ratios for improved anchorage, and using different relative lengths.

Abstract: Use of water-dispersible or water-soluble polyether-urethanes, which optionally contain isocyanate groups, as additives for inorganic binders in the preparation of a building material, particularly a high-density or high-strength mortar or concrete composition. The building material resulting from the use of the water-dispersible or water-soluble polyether-urethanes.

Abstract: A method of solidifying a waste or soil composition containing at least one contaminant species which comprises adding to said composition binder and optionally water, mixing the binder into the waste or soil material to form a mixture thereof and simultaneously during formation of the mixture and/or subsequently after formation of the mixture, treating the mixture with sufficient carbon dioxide to achieve setting and subsequent hardening of said mixture so as to produce a solidified waste or soil composition.

Abstract: Fiber additives for addition to proportioned concrete comprise a plurality of thermoplastic fibers having a profile geometry defined by the equation, ##EQU1## wherein the amplitude a.sub.0 falls within a range of from about 0.1 d.sub.f to 2.0 d.sub.f and the period .lambda. falls within a range of from about 2 d.sub.f to 15 d.sub.f for fibers having a diameter d.sub.f of from about 0.5 to about 1 mm; the peak pull-out stress .sigma..sub.peak and the specific pull-out energy absorbed to a maximal displacement of 7.5 mm .psi..sub.peak, both increase linearly with a deformity factor defined by the equation, ##EQU2## where .alpha.=0.8 and .beta.=-1, such that the peak pull-out stress is defined by the equation, ##EQU3## and the specific pull-out energy is defined by the equation, ##EQU4## the fiber additives having an optimimum deformity,D.sub.optimum .apprxeq.(0.5 to 1)D.sub.critical,D.sub.critical being that deformity where the ultimate tensile strength of the fiber equals k.sub.1 D.sub.

Abstract: A cement additive is added to increase flowability of a cement composition and to prevent a slump loss, but those characters are insufficient, or the cement additive becomes ununiform in the cement composition and causes a trouble of the hardening inferiority.Thus, to solve the subjects, the present invention provides a cement additive composed of a crosslinked polymer in which, between main chains having a water-soluble polymer structure of a molecular weight from 500 to 100,000, a bond having as a structural unit at least one group selected from divalent groups as shown in the following formula (I) is formed. ##STR1## ?In the formula (I), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently denote any one of the following. ##STR2## However, R.sup.1 may not be required in a case of that R.sup.2 is the following. ##STR3## Moreover, R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5.