Abstract: A refrigeration and/or heat transfer device includes a heating section and cooling section, a release member, and a one-way check valve affixed together in a continuous loop so working fluid may flow in one direction therein. The heating section absorbs heat and transfers such heat to the working fluid, thereby heating, expanding and increasing pressure upon the working fluid therein. The pressurized working fluid is released in a regulated manner from the heating section to the cooling section, thereby carrying the heat away. The released working fluid cools and transfers its heat to the surroundings within the cooling section. As released working fluid enters the cooling section, such fluid displaces already cooled working fluid, pushing such fluid through the one-way check valve back into the heating section to absorb heat. The working fluid may undergo a phase change or remain in a single phase throughout to enhance heat transfer.

Abstract: A drainage device includes a tank, a pipe and an air duct. The tank has a base plate and at least one first wall. The first wall is disposed on the base plate. The base plate and the first wall define a space. The pipe defines a channel. The pipe connects with the base plate. The channel communicates with the space. The air duct is disposed partially in the space and partially in the channel. There exists at least one gap between an outer surface of the air duct and an inner surface of the pipe.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for controlling compressor systems to ensure sufficient pressure differentials to provide cooling. A compressor system includes a compressor, a suction pressure sensor at a suction of the compressor, a discharge pressure sensor, a condenser, an expansion device, a liquid line, a liquid line pressure sensor, an evaporator, a condenser blower and a controller. The method includes determining a pressure target based on an intermediate pressure within the compressor and a threshold cooling differential pressure value, determining a pressure ratio setpoint based on the pressure target and a liquid line pressure measured by the liquid line pressure sensor, controlling the condenser blower to operate based on the determined pressure ratio setpoint, determining a subcooling setpoint based on the pressure target and the liquid line pressure in the compressor system, and controlling the expansion device to operate based on the subcooling setpoint.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling temperatures in plasma processing chamber via pulsed application of heating power and pulsed application of cooling power. In an embodiment, fluid levels in each of a hot and cold reservoir coupled to the temperature controlled component are maintained in part by a coupling each of the reservoirs to a common secondary reservoir. Heat transfer fluid is pumped from the secondary reservoir to either the hot or cold reservoir in response to a low level sensed in the reservoir. In an embodiment, both the hot and cold reservoirs are contained in a same platform as the secondary reservoir with the hot and cold reservoirs disposed above the secondary reservoir to permit the secondary reservoir to catch gravity driven overflow from either the hot or cold reservoir.

Abstract: A heating system including a condenser and an evaporator. A compressor is along a refrigerant line and is configured to compress refrigerant flowing to the condenser. A first valve is along the refrigerant line between the compressor and the condenser. A controller is configured to partially close the first valve when a measured temperature is below a threshold to increase discharge pressure of refrigerant compressed by the compressor and increase heat dissipation of the condenser.

Abstract: In a power conversion device, a casing main body has a component mounting surface, on which electrical components are mounted, and a refrigerant flow passage surface, which is a back side of the component mounting surface. The refrigerant flow passage surface has a refrigerant flow passage groove. The component mounting surface has a first facing portion, which faces a lid, a second facing portion, which is adjacent to the first facing portion, and faces the lid farther away from the lid than the first facing portion, and aside surface portion, which is formed between the first facing portion and the second facing portion. The refrigerant flow passage groove has a first flow passage portion located on back sides of the first facing portion and the side surface portion, and a second flow passage portion located on a back side of the second facing portion.

Abstract: A self-installing connector for a liquid cooling system of a datacenter component rack system. A datacenter component rack may include manifolds for conveying coolant to or from one or more datacenter electronic components for liquid cooling components of the datacenter electronic component. The self-installing connector provides a fluid connection between the manifold and a liquid cooling system of a datacenter electronic component. The self-installing connector may puncture the manifold at the time the datacenter electronic component is installed. The self-installing connector may form an opening in the manifold and secure one end of the self-installing connector into the opening upon installation of the datacenter electronic component into the datacenter component rack. The self-installing connector can separate at a dripless quick-disconnect coupling for datacenter electronic component maintenance.

Abstract: A system for cooling an electronic device includes a pressure tank in a sealed cavity, the cavity being filled with an insulating liquid. The electronic device is also housed in the cavity and is immersed in the insulating liquid. The pressure tank is immersed in water. The liquid when heated becomes less dense and flows to exchange and lose heat to the cold water via the pressure tank. After cooling by the pressure tank, the now-denser liquid flows back to the other side of the electronic device because of density differences.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the communications field, and provide a packaging method, a packaging apparatus, and a terminal, so as to improve evenness of an adhesive layer and reduce an adhesive overflow probability, thereby improving packaging efficiency and a defect-free rate of terminals. The method includes: forming an adhesive layer on a packaging surface of a packaging module, where a shape and a size of the adhesive layer adapt to the packaging surface; and fastening, into a terminal housing, the packaging module on which the adhesive layer is formed, so that the adhesive layer is filled between the packaging surface and a side wall of the housing.

Abstract: A hot water supply system decouples an intelligent hot water storage system from a water heating engine system. The water heating engine system includes a plurality of instantaneous water heaters that provide for redundant operation for improved reliability. The intelligent hot water storage system includes a storage tank that encloses a volume for storage of water. The intelligent hot water storage system includes a recirculation loop driven by an integrated pump and operated by an integrated controller. By positioning the tank recirculation outlet and inlet farther apart from each other, additional usable volume of hot water is provided by the intelligent hot water storage system. Isolation valves positioned on the input and output of a recirculation pump in the recirculation loop facilitate repair or replacement of the recirculation pump. The hot water system provides for increased capacity while providing redundant heating engines in a smaller floor space than conventional systems.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a thermal system for a battery; and a controller for the thermal system. The controller may be configured to, during vehicle motion, cool the battery when a temperature of the battery exceeds a lower threshold and inhibit transfer of power with the battery when the temperature exceeds an upper threshold, and while coupled with a charge station, heat the battery to a temperature between the lower threshold and the upper threshold.

Abstract: Provided is a power conversion device including: a power module provided between a first power-supply busbar that supplies a positive power source and a second power-supply busbar that supplies a negative power source; a first capacitor with one end thereof connected to the first power-supply busbar; a second capacitor with one end thereof connected to the second power-supply busbar; a grounding member connected between the opposite end of the first capacitor and the opposite end of the second capacitor; and a conductive member routed along at least one of the first power-supply busbar and the second power-supply busbar and connecting the grounding member and a ground potential.

Abstract: A cooling member includes a fluid-tight sealed body that is formed by a first laminated sheet and a second laminated sheet being joined to each other at at least one joint portion, a coolant that is enclosed in the sealed body, and a heat dissipation plate that is joined in a fluid-tight manner to an inner surface of the sealed body at at least one joint portion and that has a heat absorption portion that is located inside the sealed body and a heat dissipation portion that is located outside the sealed body.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating fluid and distilling fluid includes a main tank for containing fluid to be heated by a main gas heater and a pilot light for heating the main tank, a condensing tank for passing fluid to the main tank and having one or more heat conducting rods that allow heat to be conducted to the lower region of the condensing tank, an evaporator tank for vaporizing fluid and being heated by the pilot light, a condensing coil for exchanging heat between fluid vaporized by the evaporator tank and fluid in the condensing tank, a holding tank for receiving fluid from a main source, a delaying float bowl tank to receive fluid from the holding tank and including a first fluid flow regulator for regulating fluid flow to the evaporator tank according to an amount of fluid in the delaying float bowl tank, and a distillate tank.

Abstract: A refrigerant processing device includes a main body, and a pipe and a narrow tube that feed a refrigerant into and out of the main body. The main body has a cylindrical body part, and upper and lower end wall parts that close both ends of the cylindrical body part. The pipe passes through the lower end wall part, and extends along a central axis of the cylindrical body part. The narrow tube passes through the upper end wall part. A first spiral groove extending in a spiral shape with respect to the central axis is formed on an inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical body part. A second spiral groove extending in a spiral shape with respect to the central axis and a linear groove extending in a direction of the central axis are formed on an outer circumferential surface of the pipe.

Abstract: A pallet cover suitable for use in covering at least a portion of a payload on a pallet and a kit for use in making the pallet cover. In one embodiment, the pallet cover includes a top wall, a front wall, a rear wall, a left side wall, and a right side wall, wherein the walls are detachably joined to one another. Each of the top wall, the front wall, the rear wall, the left side wall, and the right side wall includes a first fabric sheet and a second fabric sheet, the first and second fabric sheets being joined together to form a plurality of pockets. Each pocket may removably receive a temperature-control member containing a phase-change material. At least one of the top wall, the front wall, the rear wall, the left side wall and the right side wall includes a plurality of detachably joined portions.

Abstract: An electronic rack includes a heat removal liquid manifold, a number of server slots, and a number of server blades inserted therein. The liquid manifold distributes heat removal liquid from an external heat removal system to remove heat from the server blades. Each server blade includes a server tray to contain information technology (IT) components and a quick-release coupling assembly having a first liquid intake connector and a first liquid outlet connector coupled to a flexible hose to distribute the heat removal liquid to the IT components. The first liquid intake connector and the first liquid outlet connector are capable of extending outwardly external to the server tray to connect to, and disconnect from, a second liquid intake connector and a second liquid outlet connector mounted on the liquid manifold, respectively. The quick-release coupling assembly can self-retract and be secure to a block holder when disconnected.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a vapor compression system that includes a refrigerant loop, a compressor disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to circulate refrigerant through the refrigerant loop, and a heat exchanger disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to place the refrigerant in a heat exchange relationship with a cooling fluid. The heat exchanger includes a water box portion having a first length, a shell having a second length, a plurality of tubes disposed in the shell and configured to flow the cooling fluid, and a cooling fluid portion having a third length, where the water box portion and the cooling fluid portion are coupled to the shell, such that the first length, the second length, and the third length form a combined length of the heat exchanger that is substantially equal to a target length.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture, which is liquid at room temperature and which is composed of two or more compounds, which are constructed exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen and, in individual known compositions, form a synthetic substance mix that can be used as a heat-transfer liquid. The mixture is characterized in that the mixture contains at least one compound having at least two non-condensed, non-pi-conjugated aromatic units and is used in catalytic methods to bind hydrogen to or release hydrogen from the mixture.

Abstract: An arrangement for cooling components of a subsea electric system including a tank filled with a dielectric fluid. The tank includes first and second sections. The arrangement includes one first electric component within the first section, and one second electric component within the second section. The arrangement includes a first heat exchanger located outside the tank and in fluid contact with the tank, and arranged during operation to be in thermal contact with sea water. The arrangement includes a pump arranged to force a flow of dielectric fluid through the first heat exchanger. Flow of dielectric fluid in the tank is by both natural and forced convection generated by the pump. The first electric component generates more heat than the second electric component. Within the first section the share of the flow by natural convection is greater than within the second section.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for a heat-generating element includes: a heat sink on which the heat-generating element is mounted; a cooling component having a recess, the cooling component and the heat sink being faced and joined to each other so that the recess forms a coolant passage; and a sealing member provided between the heat sink and the cooling component so as to seal the coolant passage and separate an interior and exterior of the coolant passage. A first distance is longer than a second distance with regard to a distance between facing surfaces of the heat sink and the cooling component near the sealing member, the first distance being between the facing surfaces at an interior side of the coolant passage separated by the sealing member, and the second distance is a distance between the facing surfaces at an exterior side of the coolant passage separated by the sealing member.

Abstract: A microtruss structure includes a first plane having a first plurality of unit cells. Each of the first plurality of unit cells includes a first plurality of struts and a first node connecting three or fewer struts of the first plurality of struts such that each strut of the first plurality of struts extends through the first node. The microtruss structure also includes a second plane having a second plurality of unit cells. Each of the second plurality of unit cells includes a second plurality of struts and a second node connecting three or fewer struts of the second plurality of struts such that each strut of the second plurality of struts extends through the second node.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a configurable extension space for a computer server or node blade that has the ability to expand data storage or other functionality to a computer system while minimizing any disruption to computers in a data center when the functionality of a computer server or a node blade is extended. Apparatus consistent with the present disclosure may include multiple electronic assemblies where a first assembly resides deep within an enclosure to which an expansion module may be attached in an accessible expansion space. Such apparatus may also include liquid cooling.

Abstract: A cabinet liquid cooling system is configured to dissipate heat of a cabinet. A flow allocation unit is installed on a single side of the cabinet, is located in space between a side wall of the cabinet and a mounting bar of the cabinet, and is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. A liquid cooling system (LCS) control unit is installed at the bottom of the cabinet and cyclically supplies liquid to the flow allocation unit using the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet. A liquid supply branch includes a liquid delivery pipe and a liquid return pipe. A node pipe includes a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe. Both the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are connected to the corresponding liquid delivery pipe and liquid return pipe using the quick male connector and the quick female connector.

Abstract: An adjustable refrigerant distribution device and a heat exchanger having same. The heat exchanger comprises: first and second collecting pipes; a heat exchanger core body; and a refrigerant distribution device, the refrigerant distribution device comprises a first distribution pipe, a first inlet pipe and a first drive assembly. The pipe wall of the first distribution pipe is provided with a first distribution hole. The first distribution pipe is inserted into at least one of the first and the second collecting pipes. The first inlet pipe is located outside at least one collecting pipe and is in communication with the first distribution pipe, and the first drive assembly drives the first distribution pipe to move relative to at least one collecting pipe. The distribution pipe of the refrigerant distribution device and the heat exchanger can translate along the axial direction, thereby adjusting refrigerant distribution so as to satisfy different distribution requirements.

Abstract: A coolant passage connection structure includes: a first coolant passage attached to a case which houses a cooler and has a second opening, and extending from the cooler; a second coolant passage that communicates with the second opening; a first connection member connected to the first coolant passage, and having a first opening; a first face seal member; and a second connection member connected to the first opening and the second opening via the first face seal member. The second opening is provided in the case so as to be positioned below the first connection member in a vertical direction. The first connection member is positioned above the first face seal member in the vertical direction and includes a tapered portion that includes an inclined surface inclined further away from a surface of the case toward a lower side in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A system for thermal regulation of a nebulizer is provided. The system includes a container to house a nebulizer and a thermal material together. The thermal material acts to chill a liquid located inside the nebulizer, in order to deliver a chilled mist to a patient for therapeutic purposes, such as initiating. Therapeutic Hypothermia, or treating various respiratory illnesses such as croup, laryngobronchitis, and smoke inhalation.

Abstract: A vehicle electric machine includes a rotor, and a stator having a core with an end face and end windings adjacent to the end face. An annular cooling trough has an outer sidewall and a bottom. The trough is connected to the end face such that the bottom engages the core, and the sidewall, bottom and end face cooperate to define an open channel around the end windings configured to receive fluid therein.

Abstract: A thermosiphon system includes a condenser, an evaporator, and a condensate line fluidically coupling the condenser to the evaporator. The condensate line can be a tube with parallel passages can be used to carry the liquid condensate from the condenser to the evaporator and to carry the vapor from the evaporator to the condenser. The evaporator can be integrated into the tube. The condenser can be constructed with an angled core. The entire assembly can be constructed using a single material, e.g., aluminum, and can be brazed together in a single brazing operation.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a vehicle and a method for controlling the same are provided. The thermal management system comprises a first coolant circuit, a second coolant circuit, a refrigerant circuit, and a controller. The first coolant circuit includes at least a first coolant circuit heat exchanger, a Coolant Heater Control Module (CHCM), a CHCM mixing valve, and a bypass valve. The CHCM mixing valve is configured to modulate flow of a coolant between the first coolant circuit heat exchanger and the CHCM. The bypass valve is configured to link the first coolant circuit with the engine. The controller directs the thermal management system to operate in one of a high efficiency mode, a heat pump assist mode, a maximum performance mode, and a propulsion system energy improvement mode, effectuating the selected mode of operation via the actuation of the CHCM valve and the bypass valve to predetermined positions.

Abstract: An electronic equipment cooling device is provided, which has housing in which heat-generating components are housed, and which can cool surfaces of the housing. A blower fan blows air toward the surfaces via a chamber room. An inclined flat plate-like partition portion is provided inside the chamber room so as to distribute a desired amount of air corresponding to a heat generating ratio of the respective surfaces.

Abstract: In one example, a portion of a shell includes a shell wall portion that has an interior wall portion and an exterior wall portion located near the interior wall portion. In addition, fluid passageways are disposed between the interior wall portion and the exterior wall portion. One or more of the fluid passageways are defined in part by one or both of the interior wall portion and the exterior wall portion. The fluid passageways form part of heat exchanger that is integrated in the shell.

Abstract: A rotor mounting boom assembly includes a rotor mounting boom releasably attachable to a wing of the personal aircraft, one or more vertical lift rotors, and one or more rotor controller assemblies. Controller assemblies for each rotor are positioned on the rotor mounting booms such that downwash from the rotor causes increased airflow across the controller assembly to cool the controller assembly components. A rotor controller enclosure includes an air inlet and an air outlet to allow airflow through the enclosure to cool the controller components. The air inlet is positioned relative to the path of the rotor blades such that the downwash from the rotor that flows into the air inlet is maximized. The structure of the enclosure includes features for increasing the airflow through the enclosure.

Abstract: An electronic device with cooling of a heat dissipation source, by a liquid metals spreader, the device including at least one heat dissipation source, at least one spreader through which at least one liquid metal circulation channel passes forming a loop routed below a heat dissipation source, at least one heat sink, and at least one electromagnetic pump moving the liquid metal in the at least one channel such that the liquid metal absorbs heat dissipated by a heat dissipation source and transports the absorbed heat to be evacuated by the heat sink. Each spreader includes at least two plates made of an electrical insulating material located on each side of at least one bar made of deformable material.

Abstract: A method of cooling at least one superconductive cable is disclosed which is arranged in a cryostat having at least one thermally insulated pipe with a free space surrounded by the pipe, wherein the cable and at least one tubular structure are arranged in the free space, and wherein a cooling agent is conducted through the free space from a feeding point located at one end to a distal end. The cooling agent is conducted through the cryostat and the tubular structure exclusively in one direction of the cable until it reaches its temperature of operation and is discharged to the outside at the distal end. After reaching the temperature of operation, the cooling agent is returned from the distal end of the arrangement through the tubular structure to the feeding point.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (5) includes a thermally conductive cylindrical container (40), at least one thermally conductive tube (30), a cooling column (90), and a cryogen coldhead (100). The cooling column and coldhead condense gaseous helium to liquid helium to maintain a reservoir of liquid helium in the thermally conductive cylindrical container (40). The at least one thermally conductive tube (30) coils circumferentially around the container (40), and extends to at least one superconducting magnet coil heat exchanger (20), and back. The tube forms a selected loop which holds gaseous helium at pressure up about 104 bar (1500 PSI) or room temperature to about 0.75 bar at cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a space and cost-efficient smart rack system designed for use in a data center or as a similar electronic component housing enclosure.

Abstract: A heat source system has a plurality of heat sources that can be utilized therein. The plurality of heat sources include unused heat such as sewage and wastewater generated in a facility in which an external load that receives a supply of heating medium heated or cooled by using the heat sources is installed. A system control device (10) of the heat source system determines potential temperatures and amounts of potential heat of the individual heat sources; and selects heat sources based on the potential temperatures and the amounts of potential heat.

Abstract: An adjustable frequency drive including a number of power modules and a heat management system is provided. Each of the number of power modules includes a number of inverters. Each inverter includes a number of power poles. The heat management system includes a housing assembly, a first heat management assembly, and a second heat management assembly. The housing assembly defines a power module enclosure and a liquid cooling assembly enclosure. The first heat management assembly is substantially disposed in the power module enclosure. The second heat management assembly is not substantially disposed in the power module enclosure.

Abstract: An indoor device for an air conditioner is provided. The indoor device may include a heat exchanger mounting panel in which an orifice to pass air therethrough is formed, a centrifugal fan to inhale air in a shaft direction through the orifice and discharge the air in a radial direction, a motor to rotate the centrifugal fan, and a case to fix the motor and couple the motor to the panel. A first magnetic substance and a second magnetic substance that generate a repulsive force may be respectively disposed at a first surface opposite to the centrifugal fan in the panel and a second surface opposite to the panel in the centrifugal fan. In the first magnetic substance and the second magnetic substance, the same pole may be formed in a concentric circle and different poles may be alternately formed in a radial direction.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward techniques and configurations for immersion cooling. In embodiments, an apparatus configured for immersion cooling may include a number of trays and a fluid circulation system. The number of trays may be configured to hold one or more circuit boards and may have a first opening to allow dielectric fluid to be injected into the tray, and a second opening to allow for escape of the dielectric fluid. The fluid circulation system may include a catchment area to collect the dielectric fluid that escapes from the plurality of trays and a distribution manifold coupled with the catchment area, to deliver the dielectric fluid collected in the catchment area back to the plurality of trays. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A cooling system for an engine system includes an engine coolant path inside an internal combustion engine and a turbine coolant path inside a turbocharger. A switching section is selectively switched to one of a first operation mode, in which coolant in the cooling system is permitted to flow through the engine coolant path and the turbine coolant path, and a second operation mode, in which the coolant in the cooling system is permitted to flow only through the engine coolant path, while not being permitted to flow through the turbine coolant path. When the switching section is in the first operation mode and a basic flow rate calculated based on an engine operating state is larger than an actual flow rate detected by a flow rate sensor by at least a determination amount, the switching section is switched to the second operation mode.

Abstract: An antifreeze cooling liquid with a high heat carrying capacity is composed of: at least 33% of monopropylene glycol; at least 2% of a triazole, not more than 1% of biocides, the addition of water to make 100%.

Abstract: A closed loop temperature equalization system includes multiple flowpaths utilizing a heat exchange fluid for transmitting thermal energy of a natural thermal energy storage body to an external temperature differentiation body. The closed-loop system includes at least a heat gaining device arranged to transfer heat between the natural thermal energy storage body and the heat exchange fluid, and a heat releasing device arranged to transfer heat between the heat exchange fluid and the temperature differentiation body and also includes at least one of an auxiliary pump 1 for selectively pumping the heat exchange fluid in a normal flow direction or in a reverse flow direction and of at least one auxiliary heating/cooling device disposed in the interior or in the exterior of the fluid flowpath. A first pipeline structure carries a part of the heat exchange fluid from the heat gaining device to the heat releasing device.

Abstract: In a cooling water circulation device for use in a NOx reduction system where a urea injector 3 is positioned higher than an engine 1, a three-way branching device 10 is arranged at a highest position in a passage of passing cooling water 2 from the engine 1 to the urea injector 3 and returning the same to the engine 1 to add an upward air vent 10a. The air vent 10a is connected through an air-venting connecting pipe 11 to a header tank 9 (water pouring tank) for the cooling water 2 arranged higher than the urea injector 3.

Abstract: Heat transfer systems, methods and compositions which utilize a heat transfer fluid comprising: (a) from about 30% to about 65% by weight of HFC-134a; (b) from about 0% to about 70% by weight of HFO1234ze; and (c) from about 0% to about 70% by weight of HFO-1234yf, provided that the amount of HFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf in the composition together is at least about 35% by weight, with the weight percent being based on the total of the components (a)-(c) in the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluoroolefin compositions. The fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention are useful as refrigerants or heat transfer fluids and in processes for producing cooling or heat. Additionally, the fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention may be used to replace currently used refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions that have higher global warming potential.

Abstract: Heat transfer between a fluid-bearing flexible tube and a heat-conducting surface is improved by fixing a flexible heat-conducting sheath to the flexible tube and by compressive fixing that distorts the tube and deforms the sheath and/or the surface. The tube can be made of cross-linked polythene (PEX). The sheath can be spirally wound high-purity aluminum wire. The sheath enables efficient heat transfer between the outer surface of the tube and the heat-conducting surface. Applications include radiant heating and cooling. Tube layout can be customized and variable tube spacing is possible, for example by using a castellated layer to support the tube.

Abstract: A heat transfer apparatus and related methods are provided. The heat transfer apparatus and related methods more precisely distribute fluid flow to meet heat removal needs in single-phase and/or a two-phase heat exchange systems by restricting fluid flow through one or more heat exchanger channels.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for storing electric energy in the form of thermal energy. A thermoelectric energy storage system includes a working fluid circuit for circulating a working fluid through a heat exchanger, and a thermal storage medium circuit for circulating a thermal storage medium. The thermal storage medium circuit includes at least one hot storage tank, an intermediate temperature storage tank, and a cold storage tank connected together via the heat exchanger. A proportion of the storage medium is redirected to or from the intermediate storage tank from or to the hot or cold storage tank, joining another proportion which flows directly between the cold and hot storage tank.