Abstract: A catalyst assisted upgrading process for treating a hydrocarbon oil feed to reduce total acid number (TAN) and increase API gravity is provided herein which employs a hydroprocessing catalyst based on a catalyst support, e.g., alumina. The process includes blending the supported hydroprocessing catalyst with the hydrocarbon oil feed to form a slurry which is then treated with hydrogen at moderate temperature and pressure in, for example, a tubular reactor. Deposit formation is thus minimized or avoided.

Abstract: During the regeneration of a sulfurized sorbent comprising zinc aluminate, a promoter metal and zinc sulfide by contact with an oxygen-containing stream to convert at least a portion of said zinc sulfide to zinc oxide the average sulfur dioxide partial pressure in the regeneration zone is controlled within the range of from about 0.1 to about 10 psig to minimize sulfation of the sorbent.

Abstract: A four stage process for producing high quality white oils, particularly food or medicinal grade mineral oils from mineral oil distillates. The first reaction stage employs a sulfur resistant hydrotreating catalyst and produces a product suitable for use as a high quality lubricating oil base stock. The second reaction stage employs a hydrogenation/hydrodesulfurization catalyst. The third stage employs a reduced metal sulfur sorbent producing a product stream which is low in aromatics and which has substantially “nil” sulfur. The final reaction stage employs a selective hydrogenation catalyst that produces a product suitable as a food or medicinal grade white oil.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing a sulfided hydrotreating catalyst in which a hydrotreating catalyst is subjected to a sulfidation step, wherein the hydrotreating catalyst comprises a carrier comprising at least 50 wt % of alumina, the catalyst comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component and an organic compound comprising at least one covalently bonded nitrogen atom and at least one carbonyl moiety, the molar ratio between the organic compound and the total hydrogenation metal content being at least 0.01:1. The invention further pertains to the use of said hydrotreating catalyst in hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feed, in particular to achieve hydrodenitrogenation, (deep) hydrodesulfurization, or hydrodearomatization.

Abstract: In a conventional hydrodesulfurization process sulfur is removed from liquid hydrocarbons by reacting the sulfur in the liquid hydrocarbons with hydrogen to form H2S. A sour hydrogen gas stream consisting of unreacted hydrogen, H2S, and undesired light hydrocarbons is then separated from the liquid hydrocarbons, and the H2S is removed to sweeten the hydrogen stream for recycling. Some of the undesired light hydrocarbons resulting from the reaction may be separated by the purging method discussed. In the present invention efficient separation of the light hydrocarbons is enabled without substantial loss of recyclable hydrogen. Both the H2S and light hydrocarbons are separated from the sour hydrogen gas stream by passing the stream through an absorber where it is reacted with a nonaqueous liquor. The light hydrocarbons are absorbed in the liquor, from which they are subsequently separated.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feedstock, includes the steps of providing a hydrocarbon feed having an initial characteristic; providing a first hydrogen-containing gas; feeding the hydrocarbon feed and the first hydrogen-containing gas cocurrently to a first hydroprocessing zone so as to provide a first hydrocarbon product; providing a plurality of additional hydroprocessing zones including a final zone and an upstream zone; feeding the first hydrocarbon product cocurrently with a recycled gas to the upstream zone so as to provide an intermediate hydrocarbon product; and feeding the intermediate hydrocarbon product cocurrently with a second hydrogen-containing gas to the final zone so as to provide a final hydrocarbon product having a final characteristic which is improved as compared to the initial characteristic.

Abstract: A catalyst and process is disclosed to selectively upgrade a paraffinic feedstock to obtain an isoparaffin-rich product for blending into gasoline. The catalyst comprises a support of a sulfated oxide or hydroxide of a Group IVB (IUPAC 4) metal, a first component of at least one lanthanide element or yttrium component, which is preferably ytterbium, and at least one platinum-group metal component which is preferably platinum.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for reducing the sulphur content of a hydrocarbon feedstock to a value of less than 500 ppm, which process comprises contacting a feedstock with a 95% boiling point of 450° C. or less and a sulphur content of 0.1 wt. % or more in the presence of hydrogen under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure with a first catalyst comprising a Group VI hydrogenation metal component and a Group VIII hydrogenation metal component on an oxidic carrier, after which at least part of the effluent from the first catalyst is led to a second catalyst comprising a Group VI hydrogenation metal component and a Group VIII hydrogenation metal component on an oxidic carrier which comprises 1 to 15 wt. % of silica, calculated on the weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of desulphurizing and cracking of hydrocarbons to produce fuel oil. The fuel oil is first admixed with a sensitizer and solid source of hydrogen and, preferably, with a catalyst and a desulphurizing agent. The admixture is then subjected to microwave energy. The method acts to reduce the sulphur content of the fuel oil and cracks the fuel oil into a useful source of clean, burnable energy.

Abstract: A process is described for the upgrading of hydrocarbon mixtures which boil within the naphtha range containing sulfur impurities, i.e. a hydrodesulfuration process with contemporaneous skeleton isomerization and reduced hydrogenation degree of the olefins contained in said hydrocarbon mixtures, the whole process being carried out in a single step. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a metal of group VI B, a metal of group VIII and a carrier of acid nature consisting of a mesoporous silico-alumina.

Abstract: The sulfur content of liquid cracking products, especially the cracked gasoline, of the catalytic cracking process is reduced by the use of a sulfur reduction additive comprising a non-molecular sieve support containing a high content of vanadium. Preferably, the support is alumina. The sulfur reduction catalyst is used in the form of a separate particle additive in combination with the active catalytic cracking catalyst (normally a faujasite such as zeolite Y) to process hydrocarbon feedstocks in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit to produce low-sulfur gasoline and other liquid products.

Abstract: In a coated catalyst having a core and at least one shell surrounding the core, the core is made up of an inert support material, the shell or shells is/are made up of a porous support substance, with the shell being attached physically to the core, and a catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of the metals of the 10th and 11th groups of the Periodic Table of the Elements is present in finely divided form or a precursor of the catalytically active metal is present in uniformly distributed form in the shell or shells.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbons such as gas oil feedstocks are hydrotreated by passing feedstreams comprising a hydrogen-containing gas and the liquid hydrocarbons through a catalyst bed comprising honeycomb or similarly structured monolithic hydrotreating catalysts at controlled superficial liquid linear velocities and gas:liquid feedstream ratios; good hydrotreating selectivity and high one-pass conversion rates for sulfur and other heteroatoms are provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a solid acid catalyst, which comprises: adding a pseudoboehmite as a binder to a sulfated zirconium hydroxide, followed by kneading with an aqueous solution containing at least one metal of the Group VIII, or loading at least one metal of the Group VIII on a sulfated zirconium hydroxide, and then adding a pseudoboehmite as a binder thereto, followed by kneading with water, further followed by molding and calcining at a temperature of from 550 to 800° C.; a solid acid catalyst produced by the production process; and a method for hydrodesulfurizing and isomerizing a light hydrocarbon oil using the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and chemical streams. The stream is passed through at least one reaction zone countercurrent to the flow of a hydrogen-containing treat gas, and through at least one sorbent zone. The reaction zone contains a bed of Group VIII metal-containing hydrodesulfurization catalyst and the sorbent zone contains a bed of hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and hydrotreating of a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream is first subjected to simultaneous thioetherification and fractionation to remove the mercaptans the light fraction and then to simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and splitting of the remainder into an intermediate boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha. The three boiling range naphthas are treated separately according to the amount of sulfur in each cut and the end use of each fraction.

Abstract: The demercaptanizaiton of petroleum distillates can be carried out by sorption of the mercaptan with activated carbon and oxidation of the sorbed mercaptan to disulfide at between approximately 20° C. to 55° C. The activated carbon used in the process is commercially readily available. Its surface area typically ranges from between approximately 500 to 1500 m2/g and has substantial percentage of the pores in the 10 to 100 Angstrom range.

Abstract: A two step sulfur removal for treatment of hydrocarbonaceous fuel intended for use in a fuel cell comprising a mild hydrotreating step followed by an extraction step reduces the sulfur content in fuel to 5 ppm total sulfur or less and a fuel processor suitable for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A two step sulfur removal for treatment of hydrocarbonaceous fuel intended for use in a fuel cell comprising a mild hydrotreating step followed by an extraction step reduces the sulfur content in fuel to 5 ppm total sulfur or less and a fuel processor suitable for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for the production of components for refinery blending of transportation fuels by selective hydrogenation of sulfur-containing and/or nitrogen-containing organic compounds contained in mixtures of hydrocarbons which are liquid at ambient conditions. Integrated hydrotreating processes of this invention advantageously provide their own source of high-boiling hydrogenation feedstock derived, for example, by fractionation of hydrotreated petroleum distillates. The high-boiling hydrogenation feedstock consisting essentially of material boiling between about 200° C. and about 425° C.

Abstract: An improved catalyst activation process for olefinic naphtha hydrodesulfurization. This process maintains the sulfur removal activity of the catalyst while reducing the olefin saturation activity.

Abstract: A petroleum processing method comprising the steps of: performing an atmospheric distillation of crude oil; collectively hydrodesulfurizing the resultant distillates consisting of gas oil and fractions whose boiling point is lower than that of gas oil in a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 310 to 370° C. under 30 to 70 kg/cm2G (first hydrogenation step); and further performing hydrodesulfurization at lower temperatures (second hydrogenation step). When the second hydrogenation step is carried out only for the heavy naphtha obtained by separating the distillates after the first hydrogenation step, the second hydrogenation temperature can be in the range of 250 to 400° C.

Abstract: Carbon monolith-supported catalysts with high leach resistance used in catalytic applications involving strong acidic and basic conditions in a pH range of from 0 to 6.5 and from 7.5 to 14, are respectively described. The leach resistance of the catalyst system originates from strong interaction between the catalyst and the unsaturated valence of the carbon surface. In addition to surprisingly high resistance to leach out, the catalysts also have substantial differential advantages in catalyst performance: catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability.

Abstract: The demercaptanizaiton of petroleum distillates can be carried out by sorption of the mercaptan with activated carbon and oxidation of the sorbed mercaptan to disulfide at between approximately 20° C. to 55° C. The activated carbon used in the process is commercially readily available. Its surface area typically ranges from between approximately 500 to 1500 m2/g and has substantial percentage of the pores in the 10 to 100 Angstrom range.

Abstract: A process is described that can limit pressure drops during a catalytic hydrotreatment process carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The liquid feed and gaseous reactant are injected into the reactor either side of the bed and flow as a counter-current. Pressure drops are limited by homogeneously mixing solid catalytic and/or inert particles of different diameters in the bed.

Abstract: Porous composite particles are provided which comprise an aluminum oxide component, e.g., crystalline boehmite, and a swellable clay component, e.g., synthetic hectorite, intimately dispersed within the aluminum oxide component at an amount effective to increase the hydrothermal stability, pore volume, and/or the mesopore pore mode of the composite particles relative to the absence of the swellable clay. Also provided is a method for making the composite particles, agglomerate particles derived therefrom, and a process for hydroprocessing petroleum feedstock using the agglomerates to support a hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: A hydrofining process in which a sulfur- and hydrocarbon-containing processing stream is supplied to a multi-stage hydrotreating reactor incorporating separate stages of cobalt molybdenum catalysts. Hydrogen may be supplied concurrently or counter-currently with the hydrocarbon-containing processing stream. The processing stream is passed into contact with an initial catalyst stage comprising a cobalt molybdenum desulfurization catalyst present in a minor amount of the total composite amount of catalysts within the reactor. Thereafter the processing stream is passed through a subsequent catalyst stage comprising a major amount of cobalt molybdenum hydrocracking catalyst. The effluent stream having a reduced sulfur content is then withdrawn from the hydrotreating reactor. The initial and subsequent catalyst stages are separated by an intervening sector within the reactor containing an inert particulate refractory material, specifically silica particles generally spheroidal in shape.

Abstract: A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which includes sulfur-containing impurities. The feedstock is contacted with an olefin-modification catalyst in a reaction zone under conditions which are effective to produce an intermediate product which has a reduced amount of olefinic unsaturation relative to that of the feedstock as measured by bromine number. The intermediate product is then separated into fractions of different volatility, and the lowest boiling fraction is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen under conditions which are effective to convert at least a portion of its sulfur-containing impurities to hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which includes sulfur-containing impurities. The feedstock is contacted with an olefin-modification catalyst in a reaction zone under conditions which are effective to produce an intermediate product which has a reduced amount of olefinic unsaturation relative to that of the feedstock as measured by bromine number. The intermediate product is then contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen under conditions which are effective to convert at least a portion of its sulfur-containing impurities to hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Compositions including carbide-containing nanorods and/or oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbide containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and treating of a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream is first subjected to simultaneous thioetherification or selective hydrogenation and splitting into a light boiling range naphtha, an intermediate boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha. The intermediate boiling range naphtha containing thiophene and thiophene boiling range mercaptans, dienes or mixtures may be subjected to a second thioetherification or selective hydrogenation, depending on its make-up, and then passed on to a polishing hydrodesulfurization reactor or the entire intermediate stream may be passed directly to the polishing reactor. The bottoms are subjected to concurrent hydrodesulfurization and fractional distillation and the combined overheads and bottoms are fed to the polishing reactor.

Abstract: A process is provided for upgrading an oligomerization product through catalytic hydrotreating resulting in a synthetic lube base oil with improved pour point and viscosity index. The upgrading process includes contacting the oligomerization product with a catalyst system, under conversion conditions, which include the presence of hydrogen and a temperature sufficient to promote selective/minor cracking, hydrogenation and isomerization. The catalyst system contains a ZSM-5 zeolite and a group VIII metal.

Abstract: A process for treating a light cracked naphtha to be used as an etherification feed stock is disclosed in which mercaptans, H2S and diolefins are removed simultaneously in a distillation column reactor using a reduced nickel catalyst. The mercaptans and H2S are reacted with the diolefins to form sulfides which are higher boiling than that portion of the naphtha which is used as feed to the etherification unit. The higher boiling sulfides are removed as bottoms along with any C6 and heavier materials. Any diolefins not converted to sulfides are selectively hydrogenated to mono-olefins for use in the etherification process.

Abstract: A high-activity hydrotreating catalyst containing a uniformly dispersed active component at a high concentration, and particularly useful for deep desulfurization of a hydrocarbon oil for its high hydrodesulfurization activity. The present invention also provides a hydrotreating process using the same catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic composition which comprises an ERS-10 zeolite, a metal of group VIII, a metal of group VI and optionally one or more oxides as carrier. According to a preferred aspect, the catalytic composition also contains a metal of group II B and/or III A. The catalytic system of the present invention can be used in the upgrading of hydrocarbon mixtures having boiling ranges within the range of C4 to 250° C., preferably mixtures of hydrocarbons which boil within the naphtha range, containing impurities of sulfur, i.e. in hydrodesulfuration with the contemporaneous skeleton isomerization of olefins contained in these hydrocarbons, the whole process being carried out in a single step.

Abstract: A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated. This is accomplished by mixing and/or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is “high” relative to the oil feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions is available in solution. The oil/diluent/hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactors is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.

Abstract: A process for using a hydrogen sensor in a liquid metal heat exchange loop in a hydrocarbon conversion process with high hydrogen permeation. The hydrogen sensor of the present invention consists essentially of a hollow nickel membrane probe in intimate contact with liquid metal. A vacuum chamber in fluid communication with the hollow nickel membrane probe through which hydrogen permeates, wherein the vacuum chamber is initially evacuated to a vacuum pressure and is in equilibrium with the vacuum chamber. The hydrogen sensor is useful for measuring the partial pressure of the hydrogen in the liquid metal to provide advisory control for the removal of hydrogen from the liquid metal exchange loop to avoid the problem of metal hydride formation and associated plugging problems.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and hydrotreating of a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream is subjected to simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and splitting into a light boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha, which have been treated to covert mercaptans in the fractions to H2S, which is separated with and separated from the light naphtha wherein the improvement is a further hydrodesulfurization by contacting the light boiling range naphtha with hydrogen in countercurrent flow in a fixed bed of hydrodesulfurization catalyst to remove recombinant mercaptans which are formed by the reverse reaction of H2S with olefins in the naphtha during the initial hydrodesulfurization.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization of a diesel boiling range petroleum fraction wherein the hydrodesulfurization is carried out concurrently with a fractional distillation in a distillation column reactor containing a catalyst bed. The diesel is fed above the catalyst bed and hydrogen is fed below the bed. The bottoms from the distillation column reactor is then separated by fractional distillation to remove a bottoms containing most of the unconverted sulfur.

Abstract: A process for hydrodesulfurization in which gasoline boiling range petroleum feed and hydrogen are contacted in a reactor with a fixed bed hydrodesulfurization catalyst at an WHSV of greater than 6, pressure of less than 300 psig and temperature of 300 to 700° F. wherein the pressure and temperature of the reactor are adjusted to maintain the reaction effluent at its boiling point and below it dew point whereby at least a portion but less than all of the reaction mixture is vaporized.

Abstract: Naphtha desulfurization with reduced product mercaptans is achieved by reacting a naphtha feed containing sulfur compounds and olefins with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrosesulfurization catalyst at reaction conditions including a temperature of from 290-425° C., a pressure of from 60-150 psig, and a hydrogen gas ratio of from 2000-4000 scf/b. It has been found that desulfurizing within these narrow conditions permits deep desulfurization with reduced mercaptan reversion, to produce a naphtha product with low total sulfur and low mercaptan sulfur levels.

Abstract: A diesel fraction is purified by a process having two reaction stages and a stripping stage in a single vessel. Heteroatoms are removed in the first stage, to permit the use of a sulfur sensitive aromatics saturation catalyst in the second stage, to produce a purified diesel stock. The first stage liquid effluent is stripped in a stripping stage and then passed into the second reaction stage, in which it reacts with fresh hydrogen for aromatics removal. The second reaction stage produces a hydrogen-rich vapor effluent, which may provide all or a portion of the first stage reaction hydrogen. A noble metal catalyst is employed in the second stage. The diesel feed for the process may be one that has been at least partially refined with respect to either or both heteroatom or aromatics removal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of heavy oil hydrogenation, precisely to a method of heavy oil hydrogenation for which a part of the catalyst to be used is a regenerated catalyst, and concretely to a method of heavy oil denitrification and to a method of heavy of desulfurization. It is characterized in that heavy oil is passed through a layer of a regenerated catalyst or a layer containing a regenerated catalyst. With the specific catalyst disposition employed in the method, heavy oil can be well hydrogenated under the same conditions as those for ordinary heavy oil hydrogenation with fresh catalysts. The method is significantly effective for efficient utilization of used catalysts.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a cobalt compound, a molybdenum compound, and a SAPO molecular sieve is used to hydrodesulfurize a hydrocarbon feed containing organic sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Solvent injection in amounts no greater than 2 wt % can favorably alter the way heavy metals, such as vanadium, are normally deposited in catalyst particles. Heavy metals may be stored on the catalyst in a more compact form, saving catalyst pore volume. Consequently catalyst cycle length is improved, since capacity for deposition is increased.

Abstract: Process for the catalytic hydrotreating of a hydrocarbon feed stock containing silicon compounds by contacting the feed stock in presence of hydrogen with a hydrotreating catalyst at conditions to be effective in the hydrotreating of the feed stock, the improvement of which comprises the step of moisturising the hydrotreating catalyst with an amount of water added to the feed stock between 0.01 and 10 vol %.

Abstract: The invention relates to naphtha hydrodesulfurization incorporating either high temperature depressurization or controlled heating for mercaptan removal. More particularly, the invention relates to a naphtha hydrodesulfurization process, wherein the hot naphtha exiting the desulfurization reactor contains mercaptans, most of which are removed without olefin loss, by depressurizing the hot naphtha, thermally treating the hot naphtha, or some combination thereof. The desulfurized naphtha may be cooled and condensed to a liquid, separated from the gaseous H2S, stripped and sent to a mogas pool.

Abstract: Porous composite particles are provided which comprise an aluminum oxide component. e.g., crystalline boehmite, and a swellable clay component, e.g., synthetic hectorite, intimately dispersed within the aluminum oxide component at an amount effective to increase the hydrothermal stability, pore volume, and/or the mesopore pore mode of the composite particles relative to the absence of the swellable clay. Also provided is a method for making the composite particles, agglomerate particles derived therefrom, and a process for hydroprocessing petroleum feedstock using the agglomerates to support a hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: Catalyst particles are presulfided in a treatment zone separate from a hydroconversion reaction zone. The presulfided catalyst is then added to a substantially packed bed of catalyst in the hydroconversion reaction zone at reaction pressure, so that the reactor is not shut down to replace catalyst. The presulfiding process is particularly beneficial for use in moving bed reactors for heavy oil conversion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst containing at least one amorphous oxide matrix, at least one carbide and phosphorous deposited on said catalyst or contained in the matrix, in which the carbide contain at least one group VIB element and, optionally, at least one element from group VIII of the periodic table. The invention also concerns the use of the catalyst for hydrodesulphurisation and hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in gas oils with a low sulphur content.