Abstract: A process for treating nitrogen-containing, substantially paraffinic product derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process. The substantially paraffinic product is purified in a purification process to lower the concentration of oxygen, nitrogen, and other impurities. The nitrogen content of the purified product is monitored, and the conditions of the purification step are adjusted to increase nitrogen removal if the nitrogen content of the purified product exceeds a preselected value.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a hydroprocessing catalyst comprising a Group VIB hydrogenation metal component, a non-noble Group VIII hydrogenation metal component, an alkali metal component, and silica. The catalyst has a specific surface area, total pore volume and pore size distribution. The invention also pertains to the use of this catalyst in hydroprocessing of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, e.g, in an ebullated bed process.

Abstract: A process of reducing the sulfur content of gasoline product comprising at least three concurrent steps: a) passing input fluid comprising pollutant through at least one adsorber to produce a polluted adsorber and a purified fluid stream which leaves the adsorber, stopping the flow into said adsorber to leave residual fluid therein, and separating said residual fluid therein said adsorber to leave the polluted adsorber of reduced residual fluid content, b) heating a polluted adsorber with a heated regeneration gas to produce a hot adsorber and cooler regeneration gas, c) contacting a heated adsorber with a regeneration gas (of a lower temperature than that of said adsorber) to produce a cooler adsorber and a warmer regeneration gas, which gas is further heated to produce said heated regeneration gas which is pass to step b), said process comprising at least 3 adsorber, at least one of which being subjected to step a) at least one different adsorber to step b) and at least one further different adsorber being

Abstract: A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated. This is accomplished by mixing and/or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is “high” relative to the oil feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions is available in solution. The oil/diluent/hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactor is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of light naphtha hydrocarbon streams is disclosed wherein the mercaptans contained therein are reacted with diolefins simultaneous with fractionation into a light stream and a heavy stream. The heavy stream is then simultaneously treated at high temperatures and low pressures and fractionated. The naphtha is then stripped of the hydrogen sulfide in a final stripper.

Abstract: A process for adsorptive desulfurization of gasoline or diesel oil or aromatics lower than C12 containing organic sulfide impurities, wherein these feedstocks contact an amorphous alloy adsorbent comprising nickel as a major active component in a fluidized bed reactor or a magnetic-stabilized fluidized bed reactor or a slurry bed reactor. There is only a single diffuse peak at 2?=45° in the 2? range from 20° to 80° in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the adsorbent. The adsorbent consists of 50-95 wt % of nickel, 1-30 wt % of aluminum, 0-35 wt % of iron, and 0-10 wt % of one or more metals selected from copper, zinc, molybdenum, chromium, and cobalt.

Abstract: A two stage hydrodesulfurizing process for producing low sulfur distillates. A distillate boiling range feedstock containing in excess of about 3,000 wppm sulfur is hydrodesulfurized in a first hydrodesulfurizing stage containing one or more reaction zones in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrodesulfurizing catalyst. The liquid product stream thereof is passed to a first separation stage wherein a vapor phase product stream and a liquid product stream are produced. The liquid product stream, which has a substantially lower sulfur and nitrogen content than the original feedstream is passed to a second hydrodesulfurizing stage also containing one or more reaction zones where it is reacted in the presence of hydrogen and a second hydrodesulfurizing catalyst at hydrodesulfurizing conditions. The catalyst in any one or more reaction zones is a bulk multimetallic catalyst comprised of at lease one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals.

Abstract: A process for desulfurising an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock including sulfur-containing hydrocarbon compounds as impurities, the process comprising passing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing one or more olefins through a reactor containing a crystalline silicate selected from the group consisting of an MFI-type crystalline silicate having a silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of at least 180 and an MEL-type crystalline silicate having a silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of from 150 to 800 which has been subjected to a steaming step to produce an effluent with an olefin content of lower molecular weight than that of the feedstock and removing hydrogen sulphide from the effluent.

Abstract: A hydroconversion catalyst for hydrodesulfurizing feedstock while preserving octane number of the feedstock includes a support having a mixture of zeolite and alumina, the zeolite having an Si/Al ratio of between about 1 and about 20, and an active phase on the support and including a first metal selected from group 6 of the periodic table of elements, a second metal selected from the group consisting of group 8, group 9 and group 10 of the period table of elements and a third element selected from group 15 of the periodic table of elements. A hydroconversion process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for removal of carbonyl sulfide from a hydrocarbon, which comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream containing carbonyl sulfide with an adsorbent and then regenerating the adsorbent by passing a heated gas, containing a hydrolyzing agent. The adsorbent that is regenerated by using this process retains at least 70% of its capacity for adsorption of sulfur as compared to fresh adsorbent.

Abstract: An integrated hydrotreating process which produces a high quality feed for the FCC to maintain sulfur in FCC gasoline to a level lower than 30 ppm from a high boiling feedstock and an ultra low sulfur diesel stream preferably less than 10 ppm from a cracked stock diesel boiling material. The high boiling feedstock is firstly hydrotreated to reduce the concentration of heterogeneous compounds which produces lower boiling hydrocarbonaceous compounds boiling in the diesel range. The resulting hydrocarbonaceous compounds boiling in the diesel range together with other cracked material in the diesel boiling range are further hydrotreated in a second hydrotreating zone to meet ultra low sulfur diesel specifications and high cetane index.

Abstract: A desulfurization system employing a system of fluidizable and circulatable solid particles to desulfurize a hydrocarbon-containing fluid in a fluidized bed reactor. The solid particulate system includes solid sorbent particles operable to remove sulfur from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and solid catalyst particles operable to enhance the octane of the resulting desulfurized hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream. The solid particulate system can be circulated between a reactor, regenerator, and reducer, to thereby allow for substantially continuous desulfurization in the reactor.

Abstract: The sulfur content of a liquid hydrocarbon stream is reduced under mild conditions by contracting a sulfur-containing liquid hydrocarbon stream with transition metal particles containing the transition metal in a zero oxidation state under conditions sufficient to provide a hydrocarbon product having a reduced sulfur content and metal sulfide particles. The transition metal particles can be produced in situ by adding a transition metal precursor, e.g., a transition metal carbonyl compound, to the sulfur-containing liquid feed stream and sonicating the feed steam/transition metal precursor combination under conditions sufficient to produce the transition metal particles.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for hydroprocessing a heavy hydrocarbon oil, comprising bringing a heavy hydrocarbon oil in a first stage into contact with hydroprocessing catalyst I in the presence of hydrogen, after which the effluent of the first stage is contacted in whole or in part with hydroprocessing catalyst II in the presence of hydrogen. The method of the invention combines efficient contaminant removal with high residue conversion and low sediment formation. The invention also comprises a combination of catalysts for use in the above method.

Abstract: This invention relates to a 4 group metal oxide and to a method for preparation thereof and the 4 group metal oxide prepared by adding a particle growth inhibiter to a hydrosol a hydrogel or a dried product of a hydrous 4 group metal oxide represented by MO(2-x)(OH)2x (wherein M denotes a 4 group metal and x is a number greater than 0.1 or x>0.1) followed by drying and calcining has a specific surface area of 80 m2/g or more, a pore volume of 0.2 ml/g or more and a pore sharpness degree of 50% or more and excellent heat stability and is useful for a catalyst or a catalyst carrier in which a catalyst metal is dispersed to a high degree.

Abstract: A device for producing and distributing a polyphase mixture between two fluids comprises a chamber for the passage of a first fluid, said chamber being pierced by perforated tubes or conduits to pass a second fluid in a different physical state than the first fluid or not miscible with the first fluid through the chamber, said tubes being pierced by at least one orifice allowing passage of the first fluid and mixing between the fluids via the tubes. The second fluid is injected upstream of said device and the first fluid is injected into said device.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and treating a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream is first subjected to simultaneous thioetherification and splitting into a light boiling range naphtha, an intermediate boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha. The intermediate boiling range naphtha containing thiophene and thiophene boiling range mercaptans is passed on to a polishing hydrodesulfurization reactor where a low sulfur, low olefin gas oil is concurrently fed to the polishing reactor to insure that a liquid phase is present.

Abstract: A process to continuously prepare a hydrocarbon product having a specified desired sulphur content lower than 0.05 wt %, starting from at least two or more high-sulphur hydrocarbon feedstocks having a sulphur content of above 0.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for maintaining a volumetric gas to liquid ratio in a segmented gas/liquid flow along a reactor of monolithic catalyst beds in series. The present invention includes the steps of: initiating the segmented gas/liquid flow at a first end of the reactor by introducing feed liquid and feed gas both at a predetermined volume and a predetermined flow rate; injecting an additional amount of gas at least once into any of the spaces between catalyst beds; and combining the segments of the segmented gas/liquid flow at a second end of the reactor. The injection of gas is controlled such that the segmented gas/liquid flow can be maintained near or at the Taylor regime.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreatment of gas oil containing defined amounts of platinum, palladium, and in a support of an inorganic oxide containing a crystalline alumina having a crystallite diameter of from 20 to 40 Å. A method for hydrotreating gas oil containing an aromatic compound in the presence of the above catalyst at defined conditions. A method for catalytically hydrotreating gas oil (b.p. 160-400° C.) or blend oil, in a first desulfurization step at defined conditions using a catalyst with at least one Group 6a and Group 8 metal in a support of an inorganic oxide to regulate to a defined sulfur-containing compound content, and then carrying a second desulfurization step by catalytic reaction of the oil at defined conditions using a catalyst of platinum, palladium, and halogen with a support containing an alumina.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the selective hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks that comprise sulfur-containing compounds and olefins. This catalyst comes in a sulfurized form and comprises a substrate that is selected from among the refractory oxides, at least one metal that is selected from the group that consists of the metals of groups VI and VII of the periodic table and carbon, whereby the carbon content is less than or equal to 2.8% by weight. The invention also relates to a method for the production of the catalyst that is described above, as well as a process that uses this catalyst for the selective hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks that contain sulfur-containing compounds and olefins.

Abstract: A sorbent composition comprising a support and a reduced-valence noble metal can be used to desulfurize a hydrocarbon-containing fluid such as cracked-gasoline or diesel fuel.

Abstract: A process is described for the upgrading of hydrocarbon mixtures which boil within the naphtha range containing sulfur impurities, i.e. a hydrodesulfuration process with contemporaneous skeleton isomerization and reduced hydrogenation degree of the olefins contained in said hydrocarbon mixtures, the whole process being carried out in a single step. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a metal of group VI B, a metal of group VIII and a carrier of acid nature consisting of a mesoporous silico-alumina.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst comprising macrostructures having a three-dimensional network of particles comprised of porous inorganic material. The particles of the macrostructures occupy less than 75% of the total volume of the macrostructures and are joined together to form a three-dimensional interconnected network comprised of pores having diameters greater than about 20 Å. The macrostructures can be made by forming an admixture containing a porous organic ion exchanger and a synthesis mixture capable of forming the porous inorganic material; converting the synthesis mixture to the porous inorganic material; and removing the porous organic ion exchanger from the inorganic material.

Abstract: Compositions including carbide-containing nanorods and/or oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbide containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.

Abstract: A method of desulphurizing and cracking of hydrocarbons to produce fuel oil. The fuel oil is first admixed with a sensitizer and solid source of hydrogen and, preferably, with a catalyst and a desulphurizing agent. The admixture is then subjected to microwave energy. The method acts to reduce the sulphur content of the fuel oil and cracks the fuel oil into a useful source of clean, burnable energy.

Abstract: A bulk metal oxide catalyst composition of the general formula

Abstract: A family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites designated UZM-8HS and derived from UZM-8 have been synthesized. The aluminum content of the UZM-8HS is lower than that of the starting UZM-8 thus changing its ion exchange capacity and acidity.

Abstract: A hydrogen desulfurizer (11) includes a tank (17) designed for downflow of hydrocarbon feedstock containing a plurality of layers (41-44) of catalyst interspersed with layers (46-49) of adsorbent. The layers may all comprise baskets, the adsorbent comprising pellets, such as zinc oxide pellets; the catalysts may be wash-coated on catalyst support such as monolith or foams, or may be wash-coated on netted wire mesh instead of being contained in a basket. The catalyst is heated to between about 442° F. (250° C.) and about 932° F. (500° C.). A mini-CPO (36) supplies hydrogen to the desulfurizer (11). Heaters (53, 55), which may either be electric or circulating heated fluid may also be used.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing process, comprising: contacting a feedstock, at hydrotreating conditions, with a bulk multimetallic catalyst comprised of at least one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals and wherein the ratio of Group VIB metal to Group VIII non-noble metal is from about 10:1 to about 1:10 to form a hydrotreated product.

Abstract: A family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites designated UZM-5HS and derived from UZM-5 have been synthesized. The aluminum content of the UZM-5HS is lower than that of the starting UZM-5 thus changing its ion exchange capacity and acidity.

Abstract: A hydrogen-rich reformate gas generator (36), such as a mini-CPO, POX, ATR or other hydrogen generator provides warm, dry, hydrogen-rich reformate gas to a hydrogen desulfurizer (17) which provides desulfurized feedstock gas to a major reformer (14) (such as a CPO) which, after processing in a water-gas shift reactor (26) and preferential CO oxidizer (27) produces hydrogen-containing reformate in a line (31) for use, for instance, as fuel for a fuel cell power plant. The expensive prior art hydrogen blower (30) is thereby eliminated, thus reducing parasitic power losses in the power plant. The drier reformate provided by the small hydrogen generator to the hydrogen desulfurizer favors hydrogen sulfide adsorption on zinc oxide and helps to reduce sulfur to the parts per billion level.

Abstract: An improved catalyst activation process for olefinic naphtha hydrodesulfurization. This process maintains the sulfur removal activity of the catalyst while reducing the olefin saturation activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of petrochemistry, in particular to a method of compressing a gaseous hydrocarbon-containing medium, for example, different hydrocarbon gases including flares produced in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. A distillate of a rectifying column of an atmosphere-vacuum oil refining unit is fed as the fresh liquid working medium into a circulation loop of a liquid hydrocarbon-containing medium, which contains a liquid-gas jet device, a separator and a pump. The liquid hydrocarbon-containing medium is removed from the circulation loop to a cracking and rectifying unit in which the liquid hydrocarbon-containing medium is subjected to cracking with subsequent rectification in the rectifying column of that unit.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and hydrotreating a full range naphtha stream.

Abstract: A process for preparing a lubricating oil basestock containing at least about 90% saturates. The process employs a bulk catalyst comprising at least one non-noble Group VIII metal and two Group VIB metals and wherein said metal catalyst further comprises a non-noble Group VIII molybdate in which at least a portion but less than all of molybdenum is replaced by tungsten.

Abstract: A fuel processing method is operable to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in an undiluted hydrocarbon fuel stock supply which is used to power a fuel cell power plant in a mobile environment, such as an automobile, bus, truck, boat, or the like; or in a stationary environment. The power plant hydrogen fuel source can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, thiophenes and the like. The undiluted hydrocarbon fuel supply is passed through a nickel reactant desulfurizer bed wherein essentially all of the sulfur in the organic sulfur compounds reacts with the nickel reactant, and is converted to nickel sulfide, while the now desulfurized hydrocarbon fuel supply continues through the remainder of the fuel processing system. The method involves adding hydrogen to the fuel stream prior to the desulfurizing step. The method can be used to desulfurize either a liquid or a gaseous fuel stream.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for sulphurizing catalysts for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The invention is characterised in that it consists in sulphurizing the catalyst in two steps: the first step consisting in sulphurization with tertiary mercaptan in the absence of hydrogen, and the second step, carried out consecutively in the same reactor, consisting of sulphurization with another sulphurizing agent in the presence of hydrogen. The catalysts thus sulphurized prove to be more active than those sulphurized by only the second step.

Abstract: A chemical treatment is disclosed for reducing the sulfur content of catalytically processed gasoline and intermediate crude-oil products, by absorbing the sulfur contained in such catalytically processed products on silica gel packed in a filter or assembly of filters, operating at the normal exit pressure from production of catalytically processed gasoline and distillation of intermediate crude-oil products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a catalytic system comprising a metal of group VIII, a metal of group VI, a metal oxide as carrier and suitable quantities of a component selected from a zeolite of the FER type, phosphorous, and a mixture thereof, in upgrading of hydrocarbons boiling in the naphtha range containing sulfur impurities, namely in hydrodesulfurization with contemporaneous skeleton isomerization of olefins contained in said hydrocarbons and/or with reduction of olefins hydrogenation, carried out in a single step.

Abstract: A high-activity hydrotreating catalyst, having a low density, suitable for deep removal of sulfur, nitrogen, micro-carbon residue and organometallic contaminants from hydrocarbon feedstocks is disclosed. Further disclosed is a method of preparation of this catalyst, which may contain 0.3-10 wt % of a Group IVB metal promoter, 5-25 wt % of a Group VIB metal component, and 1-8 wt % of a Group VIII metal, along with a method of hydrotreating employing this catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided comprising nickel in a reduced valence state on a carrier comprising zinc oxide and alumina, wherein the Zn:Ni atomic ratio is at least 12, and the catalyst particles are prepared by:

Abstract: An object is to provide a reactor for hydrotreating which exhibits a total desulfurizing activity higher than that of the reactor according to the prior art, and which is reduced in the rate of lowering of the desulfurizing activity and therefore can keep the high desulfurizing activity over a long period, and to provide a process by the use of the reactor. A reactor for hydrotreating, which comprises at least four catalyst layers packed respectively with hydrotreating catalysts satisfying the relationship represented by the following formulae: Sn≦Sn+1, 1.15Vn≧Vn+1 wherein S represents the surface area per cubic meter of each hydrotreating catalyst; V represents the pore volume per cubic meter of catalyst; and wherein n is a natural number representing the order of each catalyst layer.

Abstract: A four stage process for producing high quality white oils, particularly food or medicinal grade mineral oils from mineral oil distillates. The first reaction stage employs a sulfur resistant hydrotreating catalyst and produces a product suitable for use as a high quality lubricating oil base stock. The second reaction stage employs a hydrogenation/hydrodesulfurization catalyst. The third stage employs a reduced metal sulfur sorbent producing a product stream which is low in aromatics and which has substantially “nil” sulfur. The final reaction stage employs a selective hydrogenation catalyst that produces a product suitable as a food or medicinal grade white oil.

Abstract: A process to regenerate iron-based hydrogen sulfide sorbents using steam. The steam is preferably mixed with hydrogen-containing gas and/or an inert gas, such as nitrogen. In a preferred embodiment, the sorbent is first exposed to the steam and then exposed to a hydrogen-containing gas at regeneration conditions.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbons such as gas oil feedstocks are hydrotreated by passing feedstreams comprising a hydrogen-containing gas and the liquid hydrocarbons through a catalyst bed comprising honeycomb or similarly structured monolithic hydrotreating catalysts at controlled superficial liquid linear velocities and gas:liquid feedstream ratios; good hydrotreating selectivity and high one-pass conversion rates for sulfur and other heteroatoms are provided.

Abstract: The invention consists in a process for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon fraction in a first hydrodemetallisation section, then in a second hydrodesulphurisation section into which the effluent from the first section is passed. The hydrodemetallisation section is preceded by at least one guard zone.

Abstract: A process for removing organic sulfur compounds from heavy boiling range naphtha in a dual purpose reactor wherein the heavy boiling range naphtha is fed downflow over a fixed bed of hydrodesulfurization zone and then treated with hydrogen in a hydrodesulfurization catalytic distillation zone. Vapor containing hydrogen sulfide is removed between the zones. Preferably the heavy boiling range naphtha is produced by treating a full boiling range naphtha to concurrently react diolefins and mercaptans and split the light and heavy boiling range naphtha in a distillation column reactor.

Abstract: Process for the hydrotreatment of a mixture of C4 to C8 hydrocarbon-based compounds, rich in olefins and monoaromatic compounds, by hydrogenation in the presence of a solid catalyst, characterized in that an ammonia precursor is introduced into the charge of hydrocarbon-based compounds and in that the catalyst comprises at least one transition metal supported on at least one refractory oxide.

Abstract: Process for the production of gasoline with a low sulfur content that comprises at least the following two stages: a) a hydrogenation stage of the unsaturated sulfur containing compounds, b) a decomposition stage of saturated sulfur containing compounds, and optionally a preliminary stage for pretreatment of the feedstock such as selective hydrogenation of dienes.