Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sensor systems and methods for analysing fluid samples. The sensor system comprises a housing (220) having an inlet for a fluid sample to enter the housing, an outlet for the fluid sample to exit the housing, and a fluid sample path within the housing for the fluid sample to flow between the inlet and the outlet. The sensor system also comprises an ionizer (210) which is external to the housing and which is for ionizing the fluid sample at a first location on the fluid sample path to generate sample ions, an ion mobility filter (212) which is at least partially located within the housing and which is for filtering the generated sample ions at a second location on the fluid sample path, and a detector (214) which is external to the housing and which is for detecting the sample ions which pass through the ion mobility filter at a third location on the fluid sample path.

Abstract: The disclosure describes aspects of using multiple species in trapped-ion nodes for quantum networking. In an aspect, a quantum networking node is described that includes multiple memory qubits, each memory qubit being based on a 171Yb+ atomic ion, and one or more communication qubits, each communication qubit being based on a 138Ba+ atomic ion. The memory and communication qubits are part of a lattice in an atomic ion trap. In another aspect, a quantum computing system having a modular optical architecture is described that includes multiple quantum networking nodes, each quantum networking node including multiple memory qubits (e.g., based on a 171Yb+ atomic ion) and one or more communication qubits (e.g., based on a 138Ba+ atomic ion). The memory and communication qubits are part of a lattice in an atomic ion trap. The system further includes a photonic entangler coupled to each of the multiple quantum networking nodes.

Abstract: Provided is a mass spectrometer including: an ion generation unit configured to provide an ion generation path; an ion selection unit configured to provide an ion selection path connected to the ion generation path; a reaction unit configured to provide a reaction path connected to the ion selection path; a second ion selection unit configured to provide a second ion selection path connected to the reaction path; and an ion detection unit coupled to the second ion selection unit. The ion selection path and the reaction path extend in a first direction, and the reaction unit includes: a reaction pipe extending in the first direction to define the reaction path; and a sample inflow pipe coupled to the reaction pipe. The sample inflow pipe provides a sample inflow path connected to the reaction path, and the sample inflow path includes an inclined path. The inclined path extends to form an acute angle (?) with respect to the first direction.

Abstract: In order to improve the ionization efficiency and ion collection efficiency in an ESI ion source to achieve a higher level of analysis sensitivity while improving the throughput of the analysis, one mode of the present invention provides an ion analyzer equipped with an ion source employing an electrospray ionization method, where the ion source (2) includes: a plurality of capillaries (211-218) configured to spray a supplied liquid sample in the same direction; one or more auxiliary electrodes (23, 231-328) arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of capillaries; and a voltage supplier (24) configured to apply, to the plurality of capillaries, a DC high voltage for which the potential of the one or more auxiliary electrodes is used as a reference.

Abstract: Peak determination is executed with respect to the mass spectrum of a sample to generate a peak list. For each of the plurality of peaks contained in the peak list, a Kendrick mass (KM) of a designated monomer is calculated. An RKM is calculated, the RKM being a fractional part of a value obtained by dividing the KM by the integer mass of the monomer, or a remainder of dividing a nominal Kendrick mass (NKM) by the integer mass of the monomer. A plurality of peaks contained in the peak list and satisfying a grouping condition, including the permissible range of the RKM of the starting point peak, are grouped.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying and/or authenticating a sample, comprising adding at least one chemical compound to the sample, determining a level of the at least one compound after addition to the sample; comparing the level of the at least one compound to a reference level and identifying the sample based on the comparison with the reference sample and the effect of the sample on the level of the at least one compound. The invention further relates to the use of the at least one compound in the method for identifying and/or authenticating a sample. Further, the invention relates to the use of a kit comprising the at least one compound in the inventive method. In addition, the invention relates to a composition comprising the at least one compound. Further, the invention relates to a kit comprising the compositions provided herein, e.g. for calibrating the methods provided herein and/or the instruments employed in the methods provided herein.

Abstract: Technical solutions for classifying patients with respect to multiple cancer classes are provided. The classification can be done using cell-free whole genome sequencing information from subjects. A reference set of subjects is used to train classifiers to recognize genomic markers that distinguish such cancer classes. The classifier training includes dividing the reference genome into a set of non-overlapping bins, applying a dimensionality reduction method to obtain a feature set, and using the feature set to train classifiers. For subjects with unknown cancer class, the trained classifiers provide probabilities or likelihoods that the subject has a respective cancer class for each cancer in a set of cancer classes. The present disclosure thus describes methods to improve the screening and detection of cancer class from among several cancer classes. This serves to facilitate early and appropriate treatment for subjects afflicted with cancer.

Abstract: A charge detection mass spectrometer (CDMS) includes an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT), a processor, and a memory having instructions stored therein executable by the processor to (a) control the ELIT to trap an ion, (b) collect ion measurement information as the trapped ion oscillates back and forth through the ELIT, the ion measurement information including charge induced by the ion on a charge detector of the ELIT during each pass of the ion through the ELIT and timing of the induced charges relative to one another, (c) process the ion measurement information in the time-domain for each of a plurality of sequential time windows of the ion measurement information to determine a charge magnitude of the ion during each time window, and (d) determine the magnitude of charge of the trapped ion based on the charge magnitudes of each of the time windows.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of desorbing an adsorbed material by subjecting to energy a diazirine adsorbed on a solid surface or a layer on the solid surface, which causes the diazirine to form a carbene and nitrogen gas; and using the energy of the resultant nitrogen gas to desorb the adsorbed material from the solid surface or a layer on the same. Also disclosed is a method of reacting the resultant carbene with (a) a material in the gas phase proximal to the first solid surface; (b) a material adsorbed on a second solid surface proximal to the first solid surface; or (c) a second solid surface proximal to the first solid surface.

Abstract: A method of mass filtering ions is disclosed comprising: providing a first, AC-only, mass filter (2); providing a second mass filter (4) downstream of the first mass filter; applying a first AC voltage (8) to electrodes of the first mass filter so as to radially confine ions between the electrodes, and applying a second AC voltage (10) between electrodes of the first mass filter (2) so as to radially excite some of said ions such that these ions are not transmitted; and using the second mass filter (4) to mass filter ions; wherein at any given time the second mass filter (4) only transmits ions having a first range of mass to charge ratios and filters out all other ions; and wherein the step of applying the at least one second AC voltage (10) to electrodes of the first mass filter (2) radially excites ions such that at least some ions having mass to charge ratios above said first range are not transmitted into the second mass filter.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a stage on which a wafer can be placed. A separator separates a beam of impurities to be introduced into the wafer into an ion component and a neutral component. A controller switches the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus between a first mode and a second mode, where in the first mode, the ion component is introduced into the wafer and in the second mode, the neutral component is introduced into the wafer.

Abstract: A method of performing mass spectrometry includes obtaining, based on a series of mass spectra of detected ions derived from components eluting from a chromatography column, a plurality of extracted ion chromatograms (XICs), each XIC comprising a plurality of detection points representing detected intensity for a distinct selected m/z as a function of time; detecting, based on the series of mass spectra, precursor ions of each distinct selected m/z of the plurality of XICs; and determining, for each XIC based on a set of detection points of the XIC, a predicted next detection point to be obtained based on a next mass spectrum to be acquired.

Abstract: Provided is a scattering measurement analysis method including obtaining a theoretical scattering intensity from a structural model that contains a lot of scatterers, wherein the obtaining of a theoretical scattering intensity includes obtaining a contribution to the theoretical scattering intensity of a pair of a scatterer “m” and a scatterer “n” existing at a distance “r” from the scatterer “m” among a plurality of scatterers by at least one of calculations in accordance with the distance “r”, the calculations including a first calculation of calculating contributions of the scatterer “m” and the scatterer “n” from respective scattering factors fm(q) and fn*(q) and a center-to-center distance rmn between the scatterer “m” and the scatterer “n”, and a second calculation of substituting the scattering factor fn*(q) of the scatterer “n” by a first representative value and substituting a probability density function of the number of scatterers existing at the distance “r” by a constant value.

Abstract: A system for separation of components of a natural gas product uses a first separation column to receive the natural gas product and to provide first stage components including a first component gas, uses a gas converter to provide second stage components that includes third component gas from at least a second component gas of such first stage components, and uses a second separation column to provide third stage components that includes the first component gas, the third component gas, and one or more additional carbon-based components provided in or over a period of time associated with the separation of the components of the natural gas product.

Abstract: Devices and methods for surface-induced association are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, a device for surface-induced dissociation (SID) includes a collision surface and a deflector configured to guide precursor ions from a pre-SID region to the collision surface. In some embodiments, an extractor extracts ions off the collision surface after collision with the collision surface. In some embodiments, an RF device can collect and/or transmit the extracted ions. In some embodiments, an ion funnel guides product ions resulting from collision with the collision surface to a post-SID region. Some aspects of the disclosure are directed to methods for surface-induced dissociation, which may in some embodiments include using of a split lens or an ion funnel.

Abstract: The present invention provides rapid, sensitive high-throughput methods and systems for characterizing peptides or proteins using hydrophobic interaction chromatography-coupled native mass spectrometry to improve manufacturing process of biopharmaceutical products, such as identifying impurities during antibody purification, monitoring post-translational modification variants during production, or characterizing drug-to-antibody ratio of antibody-drug conjugates. The separation profiles of the peptides or proteins are generated and compared to identify or qualify the peptides or proteins.

Abstract: A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed comprising performing a plurality of experimental runs, wherein each experimental run comprises: periodically mass analysing fragment or product ions at a plurality of time intervals, wherein a delay time is provided between the start of the experimental run and the first time interval at which the fragment or product ions are mass analysed. Different delay times are provided in different ones of the experimental runs and fragment or product ions that have been analysed in the same time interval in at least one of said experimental runs and that have been analysed in different time intervals in at least one other of said experimental runs are identified as fragment or product ions of interest. These fragment or product ions are thus determined to relate to different precursor ions and are used to identify their respective precursor ions.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide methods, mediums, and systems for analyzing spectrometry and/or chromatography data, and in particular to techniques to improve the reproducibility of results of spectrographic and/or chromatographic experiments. For example, some embodiments provide techniques for normalizing mass spectrometry (MS) and/or liquid chromatography (LC) data across different experimental devices, allowing data from different cohorts to be directly compared. To this end, exemplary embodiments provide a reliable, reproducible target library usable across different platforms, laboratories, and users. One embodiment leverages statistical techniques to select experimental parameters configured to reduce or minimize the chance of misidentifying a target molecule. Another embodiment leverages the law of large numbers to produce a composite product ion spectrum usable across different experiments.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for a mass spectrometer having a multipole configured to pass an ion stream, and a detector configured to detect the properties of the abundance of ions represented by data points. The mass spectrometer also includes a processing system that is configured to obtain a plurality of paired data points (e.g., detector data points and RF amplitude data points), and identify, based on centroiding a portion of the plurality of paired data points, at least one characteristic of a peak and determine, based on the at least one characteristic of the peak, a preferred peak shape.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to two-dimensional mass spectrometry using ion micropacket detection. In certain aspects, the invention provides systems including a mass spectrometer having an ion trap and one or more detectors. The system includes a central processing unit (CPU), and storage coupled to the CPU for storing instructions that when executed by the CPU cause the system to: apply one or more scan functions to the ion trap that excite a precursor ion and eject a product ion from the ion trap; and determine a secular frequency of the product ion by detecting micropackets of the product ion as the micropackets are ejected from the ion trap.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for the analysis of single particles with inductively coupled plasma time of flight mass spectrometry. Single particles may be isolated from whole cells, microorganisms, viruses, etc. The systems may include curved ion guides including such elements as multipoles, angled or rounded surfaces, and an ion manipulation device including elements such as an ion tunnel, ion funnel, quadrupole, and variations of each element.

Abstract: Chamber (11, 12, 13) for bounding a plasma generation area (42) in a vacuum pressure sensor (40), wherein the chamber comprises an electrically conductive casing element (1, 1?, 1?) located radially on the outside relative to a central axis, wherein the chamber comprises electrically conductive wall elements (2, 2?, 2?) arranged substantially perpendicular to the central axis and connected to the casing element, wherein at least one of the wall elements has a first opening (3), through which the central axis extends, wherein the casing element comprises at least a first (B1) and a second region (B2), wherein the first region is located closer to the central axis than the second region. The invention further relates to a vacuum pressure sensor comprising the chamber.

Abstract: A method of operating a collision cell (10) in a mass spectrometer is disclosed. The collision cell comprises an entrance aperture (116), an exit aperture (117) and electrodes (113, 114) for producing electric fields. The method comprises feeding ions in a forward axial direction (LD) through the entrance aperture into the collision cell, producing a first electric field to trap ions, and subsequently producing a second electric field to accelerate trapped ions in the forward axial direction. The method further comprises producing a gas flow (G1) which is, at least at the entrance aperture (116) of the collision cell, contrary to the forward axial direction (LD), so as to reduce the kinetic energy of ions in dependence on their collisional cross sections. A collision cell arranged for carrying out the method is also disclosed, as well as a mass spectrometer comprising such a collision cell.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to electrophoretic mass spectrometry probes and systems and methods of uses thereof. In certain aspects, the invention provides a mass spectrometry probe having a hollow body with a distal tip, an electrically conductive hollow conduit, and an electrode. The electrically conductive hollow conduit may be operably coupled to a reservoir and a power source, and the electrically conductive hollow conduit may be configured to transport a liquid sample into the hollow body and polarize the liquid sample as it flows through the electrically conductive hollow conduit and into in the hollow body. The electrode and the electrically conductive hollow conduit are disposed within the hollow body (e.g., at different heights within the hollow body).

Abstract: A chromatograph mass spectrometer according to an aspect of the present invention is a chromatograph mass spectrometer including: a chromatograph unit (LC unit 1) configured to separate components in a sample; and a mass spectrometer (MS unit 2) configured to execute mass spectrometry on ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio derived from a compound for each compound temporally separated by the chromatograph unit, the chromatograph mass spectrometer further including: an analysis condition setting unit (30) configured to allow a user to input a width of a peak on a chromatogram as one of analysis parameters; a data point number storage (311) configured to store information on an appropriate number of data points corresponding to one peak; a sampling time interval calculator (312) configured to calculate a sampling time interval, which is a timing for acquiring data for creating the chromatogram, from the inputted peak width and data point number; and an analysis control unit (32) configured to control an

Abstract: The invention generally relates to high-throughput label-free enzymatic bioassays using desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS).

Abstract: A virtual slit cycloidal mass spectrometer and spectrometry methods are disclosed. The spectrometer size-selects particles, which in turn serve as a “virtual slit” for a cycloidal mass analyzer. This virtual slit provides unprecedented resolution in a system that takes up a much smaller physical footprint than was previously achievable. This spectrometer may facilitate field sampling of isotopes, such as uranium isotopes.

Abstract: Systems and methods of predicting a Cannabis chemotype from genetic data include obtaining a training dataset comprising genetic data for at least one mature Cannabis plant, and corresponding chemotype information for the at least one mature Cannabis plant, generating a chemotype prediction model based on the training dataset, the chemotype prediction model being able to predict the chemotype of a mature Cannabis plant, receiving genetic data for a Cannabis seedling, and predicting, via the chemotype prediction model, the chemotype of the Cannabis seedling upon maturation.

Abstract: First product ion spectrum data is acquired by dissociating a precursor ion derived from a sample component by collision between the precursor ion and an inert gas molecule to generate product ions, and detecting the product ions after separating the product ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio; second product ion spectrum data is acquired by dissociating the precursor ion by a reaction of the precursor ion with hydrogen radicals to generate product ions, and detecting the product ions after separating the product ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio; and a set of product ions having a predetermined mass difference is extracted in the first product ion spectrum data and the second product ion spectrum data.

Abstract: A lens assembly for an outer source of a mass spectrometer, the assembly comprising: a housing; a plurality of lens elements, each lens element comprising a radially extending electrically conductive protrusion, the lens elements being linearly arranged in the housing such that the protrusions are aligned with one another; and an interface connector having a plurality of sockets to receive the protrusions therein and create an electrical connection between the protrusions and sockets. A housing for a resistance temperature detector is also disclosed.

Abstract: An energy spectrometer with dynamic focus for a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is disclosed herein. An example energy spectrometer and TEM at least includes a charged particle column including a projection system arranged after a sample plane, the projection system is operated in a first configuration; an energy spectrometer coupled to the charged particle column to acquire one or more energy loss spectra. The energy spectrometer including a dispersive element, a bias tube, optics for magnifying the energy loss spectrum and for correcting aberrations, and a detector arranged conjugate to a spectrum plane of the energy spectrometer, wherein the energy spectrometer further includes an optical element electrically biased to refocus at least a portion of a spectrum onto the detector, and wherein the value of the electrical bias is at least partially based on the first configuration of the charged particle column.

Abstract: A system and method for automated detection of the presence or absence of a quantity based on intensities expressed in terms of, or derived from frequency or time dependent data. According to one example intensities from mass spectrometry are identified using a non-linear mathematical model, such as an artificial neural network trained to find start and stop peaks of an intensity, from which an abundance may be determined.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are specimen imaging systems, comprising: a sample stage in a vacuum environment, the sample stage configured to support a specimen; an electron beam generator configured to focus an electron beam on a first predetermined location on the specimen; a nanospray dispenser configured to dispense a nanospray onto a second predetermined location on the specimen; a mass spectrometer; and an extraction conduit configured to extract a plume of charged particles generated as a result of contact between the nanospray and the specimen and deliver the charged particles to the mass spectrometer. The system can create a topological and chemical map of the specimen by analyzing at least a portion of the specimen with a mass spectrometer to determine a chemical composition of the specimen at the second predetermined location and analyzing at least a portion of the specimen with the electron beam to determine a surface topology.

Abstract: An ion analysis device 1 configured to generate and analyze product ions from precursor ions derived from a sample component includes: a reaction chamber 132 into which the precursor ions are introduced; a radical emitter 134 made of a predetermined kind of metal and disposed in the reaction chamber or a space communicating with the reaction chamber, at least a part of a surface of the radical emitter being oxidized or nitrided; a heating unit 20 configured to heat the radical emitter to a predetermined temperature; and separation detection units 135 and 136 configured to separate and detect, according to at least one of a mass-to-charge ratio and an ion mobility, product ions generated from the precursor ions by a reaction with radicals emitted from the radical emitter heated to the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A time-of-flight mass spectrometry device includes an electrode to which a DC high voltage is applied in order to form an ion flight space and a high voltage power supply device that applies the high voltage to the electrode. The high voltage power supply device includes a high voltage generating circuit that generates the high voltage, and a voltage control circuit that is selectively set to a convergence responsiveness priority mode in which the high voltage generating circuit is controlled such that the high voltage has first convergence responsiveness and first stability or a stability priority mode in which the high voltage generating circuit is controlled such that the high voltage has second convergence responsiveness that is lower than the first convergence responsiveness and second stability that is higher than the first stability.

Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyzers use an ICP torch to generate a plasma in which a sample is atomized an ionized. Analysis of the atomic ions can be performed by atomic analysis, such as mass spectrometry (MS) or atomic emission spectrometry (AES). Particle based ICP analysis includes analysis of particles such as cells, beads, or laser ablation plumes, by atomizing and ionizing particles in an ICP torch followed by atomic analysis. In mass cytometry, mass tags of particles are analyzed by mass spectrometry, such as by ICP-MS. Systems and methods of the subject application include one or more of: a demountable ICP torch holder assembly, an external ignition device; an ICP load coil comprising an annular fin, particle suspension sample introduction fluidics, and ICP analyzers thereof.

Abstract: An ion optical arrangement (1) for use in a mass spectrometer comprises electrodes (11, 12, 14) comprising a multipole arrangement defining an ion optical axis, and a voltage source for providing voltages to the electrodes to produce electric fields. The ion optical arrangement is configured for producing a radio frequency electric focusing field for focusing ions on the ion optical axis. The radio frequency electric focusing field has a varying frequency so as to reduce any mass dependence of ion trajectories through the ion optical arrangement. The ion optical arrangement may further be configured for producing a static electric field in response to a DC bias voltage applied to the multipole arrangement. A superimposed varying electric field may be produced by superimposing an AC voltage upon the DC bias voltage.

Abstract: A gas analyzing apparatus includes: an ionization device that generates an ion flow of a sample gas; an analyzer that analyzes the ion flow supplied from the ionization device; a first ion path that non-linearly guides the ion flow from the ionization device to an inlet of the analyzer; and a blocking device for intermittently blocking and releasing, using an electric field or a magnetic field, the ion flow on at least part of a path of the ion flow through the first ion path to a mass filter of the analyzer. It is possible to perform measurement in a state where the ion flow is blocked and measurement in a state where the ion flow is not blocked.

Abstract: A device for trapping ions includes: a first substrate having an upper multi-layer electrode structure implemented at a top side of the first substrate; a second substrate disposed over the first substrate and having a lower multi-layer electrode structure implemented at a bottom side of the second substrate; and one or more first level ion traps configured to trap ions in a space between the first substrate and the second substrate. The one or more first level ion traps includes the upper multi-layer electrode structure of the first substrate and the lower multi-layer electrode structure of the second substrate. A method of controlling trapped ions in a device is also described.

Abstract: A sample introduction system for a spectrometer comprises a desolvation region that receives or generates sample ions from a solvent matrix and removes at least some of the solvent matrix from the sample ions. A separation chamber downstream of the desolvation region has a separation chamber inlet communicating with the desolvation region, for receiving the desolvated sample ions along with non-ionised solvent and solvent ion vapours. The separation chamber has electrodes for generating an electric field within the separation chamber, defining a first flow path for sample ions between the separation chamber inlet and a separation chamber outlet. Unwanted solvent ions and non-ionised solvent vapours are directed away from the separation chamber outlet. The sample introduction system has a reaction chamber with an inlet communicating with the separation chamber outlet, for receiving the sample ions from the separation chamber and for decomposing the received ions into smaller products.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclosed provide a laser-assisted micro-mass spectrometer, which can include a pulsed inlet, a multi-wavelength laser system, and a first mass spectrometer module including a plurality of first ionization sources. In an embodiment, the pulsed inlet can be configured to receive a neutral sample of analyte material and provide it to said first mass spectrometer module.

Abstract: A method of operating a quadrupole device (10) is disclosed. A voltage source (12) applies a main quadrupolar voltage, an auxiliary quadrupolar voltage and a dipolar voltage to the quadrupole device (10). This may be done such that only ions corresponding to a single X-band, X-band-like, Y-band or Y-band-like stability region are transmitted by the quadrupole device (10).

Abstract: An embodiment of an analysis system can include an initial multi-port valve, at least one intermediate multi-port valve, a further multi-port valve, and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The initial multi-port valve can be configured to receive a sample. The at least one intermediate multi-port valve can be fluidly connected to the initial multi-port valve and configured to receive the sample from the initial multi-port valve. A given intermediate multi-port valve can have an ion-exchange column associated therewith. The given intermediate multi-port valve can be configured selectably to one of direct the sample through the ion-exchange column associated therewith (in a speciation mode) or bypass the ion-exchange column (in an infusion mode). The further multi-port valve can be fluidly connected with the at least one intermediate multi-port valve and configured to receive the sample from therefrom.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of ion interfaces are described that can provide higher sensitivities improved ion transmission and multiple operating modes. In some configurations, the ion interface may comprise a first element and a second element each of which can receive a non-zero voltage. In one configuration, the first element can be a hyperskimmer cone and the second element can be a cylindrical lens. Systems and methods using the interface are also described.

Abstract: A method of introducing and ejecting ions from an ion entry/exit device (4) is disclosed. The ion entry/exit device (4) has at least two arrays of electrodes (20,22). The device is operated in a first mode wherein DC potentials are successively applied to successive electrodes of at least one of the electrode arrays ((20,22) in a first direction such that a potential barrier moves along the at least one array in the first direction and drives ions into and/or out of the device in the first direction. The device is also operated in a second mode, wherein DC potentials are successively applied to successive electrodes of at least one of the electrode arrays (20,22) in a second, different direction such that a potential barrier moves along the array in the second direction and drives ions into and/or out of the device in the second direction. The device provides a single, relatively simple device for manipulating ions in multiple directions.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for performing charge detection mass spectrometry for measurement of the mass of a single ion of interest are disclosed. The ion of interest is caused to undergo harmonic oscillatory movement in the trapping field of an electrostatic trap, such that an image current detector generates a time-varying signal representative of the ion's oscillatory movement. This time-varying signal (transient) is processed (e.g., via a Fourier transform) to derive the ion's frequency and consequently determine the ion's mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Ion charge is determined by construction of a Selective Temporal Overview of Resonant Ion (STORI) plot, which tracks the temporal evolution of signals attributable to the ion of interest, and where the slope of the STORI plot is related to the charge. The STORI plot may also be employed to identify ion decay events during transient acquisition and/or the presence of multiple ions of the same mass or non-resolvable ions.

Abstract: In a mass spectrometry method for generating product ions from a precursor ion derived from a sample component having a hydrocarbon chain and mass-analyzing the product ion, the precursor ion is irradiated with an oxygen radical or a hydroxy radical and a nitrogen oxide radical to generate product ions, the product ions are separated according to mass-to-charge ratio and the product ions are detected, and a structure of the hydrocarbon chain is inferred based on mass-to-charge ratio of the detected product ions.

Abstract: The performance of a power supply module is to be improved. The occurrence of discharge in the power supply module is to be prevented, and the size of the power supply module is to be reduced. In a power supply module, substrates are provided being stacked in a planar view. A low voltage circuit and a high voltage circuit are formed on a first substrate such that a distance is kept for preventing surface discharge, and a low voltage circuit is formed on a second substrate. A distance between a component of a high voltage alternating current circuit on the high voltage circuit and a component of the low voltage circuit is three times a shortest distance, at which space discharge does not occurs, between a component that constitutes a high voltage direct current circuit on the high voltage circuit and a component that constitutes the low voltage circuit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for the identification and/or characterization of properties of a sample using mass spectrometry. Methods may include analyzing spacings between mass-to-charge ratio peaks from measured mass spectrum data, identifying and associating the spacings with mass delta values corresponding to masses of possible constituents of a molecule within the sample, calculating estimated charges of molecular species within the sample based on the spacings and mass delta values, and deconvoluting the measured mass spectrum data based on the estimated charges to provide a neutral mass spectrum. The methods and apparatuses (including software) described herein may result in more accurate characterization of peaks within the neutral mass spectrum, less false peaks within the neutral mass spectrum, and less noise in the neutral mass spectrum.

Abstract: A method of operating a quadrupole device (10) is disclosed. The quadrupole device (10) is operated in a mode of operation by applying a repeating voltage waveform comprising a main drive voltage and at least one auxiliary drive voltage is applied to the quadrupole device to the quadrupole device (10). The intensity of ions passing into the quadrupole device is varied with time in synchronisation with the repeating voltage waveform. This may be done such that the number of ions per unit phase which initially experience a phase within a first range of phases of the repeating voltage waveform is greater than the number of ions per unit phase which initially experience a phase within a second range of phases of the repeating voltage waveform.