Abstract: A liquid crystal composition is provided that satisfies at least one characteristic among the characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a low viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or is properly balanced regarding at least two characteristics. An AM device is provided that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life, and so forth. The liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase, wherein the first component contains a specific five rings compound having a large optical anisotropy and a large dielectric anisotropy, the second component contains a specific compound having a low viscosity. The liquid crystal display device contains the liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase and the composition thereof.

Abstract: An electronic device housing may have upper and lower portions that are attached with a hinge. At least one portion of the housing may have a rear planar surface and peripheral sidewalls having edges. A display module may be mounted in the housing. The display module may have glass layers such as a color filter glass layer and a thin-film transistor substrate. The color filter glass layer may serve as the outermost glass layer in the display module. The edges of the display module may be aligned with the edges of the peripheral housing sidewalls to create the appearance of a borderless display for the electronic device. The display module may be provided with an opening that allows a camera or other electronic components to receive light. Traces may be provided on the underside of the thin-film transistor substrate to serve as signal paths for the electrical components.

Abstract: A display module includes a bottom casing, a panel device, and an upper casing. The bottom casing includes a casing body and a holding structure. The holding structure is integrally formed on the casing body and has a bottom pillar. The panel device is disposed on the bottom casing. The panel device includes at least one film component and a display panel. The film component has at least one positioning lug. The positioning lug is used for disposing around the bottom pillar so as to position the film component onto the holding structure. The display panel is disposed on the holding structure. The upper casing is disposed on the panel device for fixing the panel device cooperatively with the bottom casing.

Abstract: A combinative outer frame for a flat panel display (FPD) and a FPD and a manufacturing method of the FPD are provided. The outer frame for the FPD includes a front frame, a support frame, and an elastic pad. The support frame is disposed opposite to the front frame and includes a ridge which protrudes upon it; two sides of the elastic pad are joined to the front frame and the support frame respectively so that the ridge is pressed into it. This design causes tighter joining between different components of a frame, so as to prevent dust from invading FPD modules.

Abstract: Provided are liquid crystal compounds and mixtures incorporating the same. The liquid crystal compounds of the invention generally comprise a terminal cyclopentene group, along with at least two other ring groups.

Abstract: An LC-based optical device compensates for differences in optical path lengths of polarization components of input beam. As a result, PDL and PMD of the optical device are reduced. The compensation mechanism may be a glass plate that is disposed in an optical path of a polarization component so that the optical path length of that polarization component can be made substantially equal to the optical path length of the other polarization component that traverses through a half-wave plate. Another compensation mechanism is a birefringent displacer that has two sections sandwiching a half-wave plate, wherein the two sections are of different widths and the planar front surface of the birefringent displacer can be positioned to be non-orthogonal with respect to the incident input light beam.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and method for collecting and directing light from a source via a light guide and modulated display assembly in an efficient manner through the design and use of prismatic optical structures, diffusers and/or light redirectors.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a transformer disposed under the display panel and including a primary winding and a secondary winding which are separated from each other and an insulating section between the primary winding and the secondary winding, and a lower housing member on which the display panel is placed and to which the transformer is fixed. A first region corresponding to the insulating section of the transformer is defined in the lower housing member, and at least one hole is disposed in the first region of the lower housing member.

Abstract: A light source device with an improved contrast ratio between a bright portion and a dark portion of a displayed image and a display divide including the light source device. In order to change a reflectance of a portion of a reflection sheet 110, 111 with gradation in response to light and dark of portions of an image displayed on a display panel 201, a control mechanism 202 arranged to control the display panel 201 is provided. A first storing mechanism 104 and a second storing mechanism 105 arranged to store signals generated by the control mechanism 202, a calculation mechanism 103 arranged to calculate reflectances of portions of the reflection sheet 110, 111, a third storing mechanism 106 arranged to store the reflectances calculated by the calculation mechanism 103, and a reflectance control mechanism 107 arranged to control the reflection sheet 110, 111 based on the reflectances are provided.

Abstract: An electronic device having an impact resistance property is provided. The electronic device includes an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device and a housing receiving the OLED display device. The OLED display device includes a panel assembly on which a plurality of OLEDs are formed and a printed circuit board electrically connected to the panel assembly. The housing includes a reinforcing housing having an impact absorption ability and defining first and second spaces, an upper housing disposed within the first space and physically coupled to the reinforcing housing, and a lower housing disposed within the second space and physically coupled to the reinforcing housing. The panel assembly is located in the first space.

Abstract: A backlight unit including holding members capable of preventing occurrence of a noise caused when the members are brought into contact with an optical member such as a diffusion plate. A backlight unit (4) includes a chassis (14) including a surface (14a) housing light sources (12), an optical member (11) having a flat plate shape and disposed above the light sources, and members (25) holding the optical member and attached to the housing surface, wherein each of the holding members includes a portion (25a) holding the optical member, and paired leg portions (25b and 25c) extending from the holding portion, elastically deformable in a direction in which the leg portions approach/leave each other and including paired foot portions (25d) disposed at lower ends of the leg portions, at least one of the paired foot portions being placed in a manner slidable on the housing surface in the approaching/leaving direction.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a scanning-line driving circuit disposed in a peripheral region around the pixel area, and supplies, through scanning lines, a plurality of scanning signals to a plurality of pixel portions in the pixel area. The data-line driving circuit is disposed in the peripheral region, and supplies a plurality of sampling signals to a sampling circuit, which samples image signals and supplies the sampled image signals to data lines. A light-shielding film covers only the scanning-line driving circuit and the data-line driving circuit of a peripheral circuit portion disposed in the peripheral region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formula Ia, in which each R1-R6 can in each case be independently selected from hydrogen or hydrocarbyl (e.g., methyl); R7 is a multivalent linking group, such as L1 is a divalent linking group, such as a bond or divalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl; each L2 independently represents a flexible segment, such as divalent linear or branched C1-C25 alkyl; each L3 independently represents a rigid segment including, for example, optionally substituted phenylen-1,4-diyl groups; t is from 1 to 4; m and p are each independently from 0 to 4 for each t, provided that the sum of m and p is at least 1 for each t; and E can be hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl. The present invention also relates to compositions, such as liquid crystal compositions, and articles, such as optical elements, that include the compound represented by Formula Ia.

Abstract: A solution for an alignment film of a liquid crystal display device includes a photo decomposition type polyimide acid which forms the alignment film in response to radiation of a polarized light, wherein a viscosity of the solution is not more than 35 mPa·s.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a plurality of data lines and a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, wherein the plurality of pixels include a first pixel and a second pixel, and each of the first pixel and the second pixel includes a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode, a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, and a voltage-changing capacitor, wherein a first source electrode on the first switching element and a second source electrode on the second switching element from the first pixel are connected to a data line, the first source electrode and the second source electrode of the second pixel are disconnected from the plurality of data lines, and the two terminals of the voltage-changing capacitor of the second pixel are shorted to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a lower substrate, a printed circuit board, at least one connection unit and a plurality of readout lines. The connection unit is adapted to connect the printed circuit board to a periphery region of the lower substrate, and has a driver. The readout lines are extended from the lower substrate to the printed circuit board through the connection unit having the driver.

Abstract: A viewing system has a parallax separation device placed in front of a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid display panel can be used to display a composite image that has many display segments, with each segment having two or more elongated image sections of different images. Each image section may occupy one or more columns of color pixels. The parallax separation device has a plurality of parallax separation elements, each aligned with a display segment for separating the different image sections as seen in a viewer's eyes. The parallax separation device has a barrier axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated image sections. The color sub-pixels in each pixel are arranged along a direction parallel to the barrier axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: An LCD device using LEDs as light sources provided herein is capable of reducing the manufacturing cost and the power consumption by a reduction in the number of LEDs used. A backlight according to the present invention includes LEDs mounted on a wiring board and a light guide plate having a matrix array of light guide plate blocks assigned the LEDs. The number of LEDs assigned to the block located in a peripheral area is smaller than the number assigned to the block located around the center to reduce the number of LEDs used in the backlight. If a ratio of the brightness in a peripheral area of the screen to the brightness in a central area is 60% or higher, the human eye does not perceive non-uniform luminance. Thus, the manufacturing cost and the power consumption of the LCD device can be reduced.

Abstract: A backlight for a display includes a plurality of illumination modules, each illumination module including a light source and a reflective member. A portion of the reflective member is disposed over the light source. A liquid crystal display panel is disposed over the plurality of illumination modules. The reflective member is configured such that a majority of light from the light source is directed parallel to the liquid crystal display panel, to provide uniform illumination of the liquid crystal display panel. In some embodiments, the light source is at least one semiconductor light emitting diode.

Abstract: A plurality of LEDs (12) include an LED group (12G) wherein the LEDs are arranged in a row, and at least one LED (12T) not in the row. The position of the LED group (12G) in a row on a light guide plate (41) is specified by bringing the LED (12T) into contact with the light guide plate (41).

Abstract: An electronic device housing may have upper and lower portions that are attached with a hinge. At least one portion of the housing may have a rear planar surface and peripheral sidewalls having edges. A display module may be mounted in the housing. The display module may have glass layers such as a color filter glass layer and a thin-film transistor substrate. The color filter glass layer may serve as the outermost glass layer in the display module. The edges of the display module may be aligned with the edges of the peripheral housing sidewalls to create the appearance of a borderless display for the electronic device. The display module may be provided with an opening that allows a camera or other electronic components to receive light. Traces may be provided on the underside of the thin-film transistor substrate to serve as signal paths for the electrical components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thiophene derivatives, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, and to LC media and LC displays comprising same.

Abstract: A metal frame includes a first base portion and a first wall portion rising from the first base portion at a position excluding sections of a peripheral edge portion of the first base portion. A resin frame includes a second base portion arranged so as to extend from a region on a central side of the first wall portion of the first base portion to the plurality of sections of the peripheral edge portion, and a second wall portion rising from the second base portion above the plurality of sections. A liquid crystal display panel is supported on an upper surface of the second base portion of the resin frame. A peripheral edge of the liquid crystal display panel is positioned above the first wall portion. The second wall portion of the resin frame is positioned outside the peripheral edge of the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: A display may be based on a display unit that is mounted within a chassis. The display unit may be a liquid crystal display unit. A backlight may be used to illuminate the display unit. The backlight may include a light guide plate. Light from a light source may be launched into an edge of the light guide plate. Scattered light from the light guide plate may travel vertically along a vertical axis that is perpendicular to the plane that contains the light guide plate. The scattered light may pass through the display unit and may serve as backlight for the display. The light guide plate may be mounted within a rectangular opening in the chassis. The edges of the rectangular opening and the edges of the light guide plate may be configured to reduce excessive reflections. These edges may have reflection-reducing coatings, non-planar surfaces, and other reflection-reducing configurations.

Abstract: A LC compound and a LC mixture are provided. The LC mixture includes a compound represented by (I) and at least one compound selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by (II) to (IV): in which X1 is F, —Cl, —CF3, or —OCF3; R, R11, and R12 are independently H, a C1-C15 alkyl group, or a C2-C15 alkenyl group; A1 is 1,4-phenylene; A11, A12, A13, and A14 are independently selected from a group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, and 2,5-tetrahydropyranylene; at least one of A2, A3, and A4 is 2,5-indanylene, and the others are independently selected from a group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, and 2,5-tetrahydropyranylene; L1 is —F2CO—; Z11, Z12, and Z13 are independently a single bond, —O—, —F2CO—, or —COO—; m is 1; n, o and p are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and n+o+p?3.

Abstract: A device includes: an active matrix substrate (20a) including a plurality of first display lines (11a) extending parallel to each other and a plurality of second display lines extending parallel to each other in a direction crossing the first display lines (11a); and a counter substrate (30a) including a black matrix (B) provided so as to overlap the first display lines (11a) and the second display lines, wherein the active matrix substrate (20a) includes a plurality of touch panel lines (11b) extending parallel to each other in a direction in which the first display lines (11a) extend, and portions of the black matrix (B) overlapping the second display lines are electrically conductive and are configured so as to come into contact with the touch panel lines (11b) when the surface of the active matrix substrate (20a) or the counter substrate (30a) is pressed.

Abstract: A display device includes: a plurality of display interconnects (3) provided so as to extend parallel to each other; a drive circuit (44aa) provided at one ends of the display interconnects (3), and connected to the display interconnects (3); a first interconnect (Wa) provided so as to cross the other ends of the display interconnects (3) in an insulating state; and a second interconnect (Wb) provided so as to cross the one ends of the display interconnects (3) in an insulating state, and so as to be connected to the first interconnect (Wa). When any of the display interconnects (3) is disconnected, a display signal from the drive circuit (44aa) is supplied to the other side of the disconnected display interconnect (3) sequentially through the second interconnect (Wb) and the first interconnect (Wa) in this order via an amplifier circuit (A).

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display employing the same are provided. The liquid crystal composition includes: 100 parts by weight of at least one nematic liquid crystal; 1-20 parts by weight of at least one photosensitive chiral compound; and 1-20 parts by weight of at least one non-photosensitive chiral compound.

Abstract: When a defective pixel causing light leakage is detected in a flat display panel, an optical modulation region is formed in a substrate by emitting a laser beam such that a virtual image is displayed at a position corresponding to the defective pixel. Accordingly, quality of the flat display panel may be improved thereby increasing manufacturing process yield.

Abstract: An electronic device and a display panel thereof are provided. The electronic device includes a first display panel and a casing. The first display panel has a first displaying part and a second displaying part. The first display panel includes a first bending mechanism which is disposed between the first displaying part and the second displaying part to bend or spread the first display panel. The casing has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The casing includes a rail mechanism which is disposed on the second surface. The second displaying part is slid on the rail mechanism to shift the first display panel relatively to the casing.

Abstract: A color filter substrate includes a substrate, a black matrix that defines cell areas on a substrate and prevents light leakage, a color filter formed in the cell areas defined by the black matrix, and a conductive thin film formed on the rear surface of the substrate for preventing the generation of static electricity, wherein the conductive thin film is formed of a photo-resist containing a conductive material.

Abstract: The side surface of the light guide plate includes an incident surface which faces the light source unit in an opposed manner, and a fixing surface which is directed in the left-and-right direction orthogonal to the top-and-bottom direction which is the direction along which the light source unit and the incident surface each other in an opposed manner. An engaging portion which is engageable with a lower frame is formed on the fixing surface or an edge portion which forms the fixing surface. The engaging portion is configured to allow a change of a distance between the incident surface and the lower frame due to expansion or shrinkage of the light guide plate while restricting the movement of the light guide plate in the top-and-bottom direction.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate which constitutes a display panel; and a flexible printed circuit board which is connected to the first substrate. The flexible printed circuit board is electrically and mechanically connected with terminals formed on the first substrate. The flexible printed circuit board includes a board portion, a wiring layer which is mounted on the board portion, and a cover portion which covers the wiring layer. The wiring layer includes a connecting portion which is electrically and mechanically connected to a terminal portion formed on the first substrate. The cover portion is removed at the connecting portion, and the cover portion in the vicinity of the connecting portion overlaps with the first substrate. The cover portion in the vicinity of the connecting portion is fixed to the first substrate.

Abstract: A blue phase liquid crystal composition and a LC display using the composition. The liquid crystal composition includes a first class including a highly polar compound and a second class including a highly conjugated liquid crystal compound. The blue phase liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates each with polarizer on the exterior surface and the blue phase liquid crystal composition sandwiched therebetween with and patterned electrodes on one of the substrates or both substrates. The patterned electrodes can be T-shaped, chevron or v-shaped, thin comb like shape and can also be flat or trapezoidal. The device outputs different light transmissions from the electrically controllable induced birefringence of the blue phase LC material for a low driving voltage, high transmittance blue phase liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display structure is provided. The liquid crystal display structure includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight module. The liquid crystal panel has a liquid crystal layer including photo-polymerizable monomers. The backlight module has a light emitting unit for emitting an output light. A difference between the smallest value of the spectrum interval of the output light and the largest value of the absorption spectrum interval of the photo-polymerizable monomer in the liquid crystal layer is larger than or equal to 40 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to new cyclohexylene reactive mesogens (RM), polymers derived thereof, liquid crystal (LC) media comprising them, and the use of the compounds, polymers and liquid crystalline media in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices, in decorative, security, cosmetic or diagnostic applications, especially in the polymer stabilised blue phase.

Abstract: A technique for reducing the kickback voltage error between two or more common voltage signal lines in a display device is provided. The kickback voltage error may be caused by driving a first and second common voltage at different levels. In one embodiment, a common voltage offset may be applied to the second common voltage such that the magnitude of the voltage kickback error is approximately equalized at the maximum and minimum pixel voltages for pixels coupled to the second common voltage. A data voltage offset, which may be determined based upon gray level data, may be applied to the data voltage supplied to the pixels coupled to the second common voltage. The foregoing technique may compensate for the kickback voltage error between the first and second common voltage lines, thereby reducing visual artifacts and improving color accuracy of the display.

Abstract: A multiple primary color display device according to the present invention includes a pixel defined by a plurality of sub pixels. The plurality of sub pixels include a first sub pixel to display a first color having a first hue, a second sub pixel to display a second color having a second hue, a third sub pixel to display a third color having a third hue, and a fourth sub pixel to display a fourth color having a fourth hue. When a color represented by the input signal is changed from black to white via a color of a prescribed hue, luminance levels of the plurality of sub pixels are set such that the luminance level of each of the first sub pixel, the second sub pixel and the third sub pixel is started to be increased without increasing the luminance level of the fourth sub pixel and such that the luminance level of the third sub pixel is increased at a lower rate than that of the luminance level of each of the first sub pixel and the second sub pixel.

Abstract: An LCD device is disclosed. The disclosed LCD device includes: a liquid crystal display panel configured to display images; a backlight unit configured to include a light source provided for emitting light and optical sheets provided for improving optical characteristics of light which is emitted by the light source; a bottom cover with a receiving portion configured to receive the liquid crystal display panel and the backlight unit; and a heat guide member disposed on a front surface of the receiving portion of the bottom cover and configured to guide the heat generated in the light source toward the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: There is provided a polarizer integrally containing view angle compensating film used in an in-plane switching liquid crystal display (IPS-LCD) filled with liquid crystal (??>0) having positive dielectric anisotropy and an in-plane switching liquid crystal display comprising the same. More particularly, there is provided an integrated polarizer capable of being used to manufacture a thin polarizer and securing a good view angle by employing a view angle compensating film as a protective film of a polarizing film forming the polarizer and an IPS-LCD comprising the same. The integrated polarizer comprises a polarizing film; a protective film attached to one surface of the polarizing film; and a +A plate coated with a +C plate attached to the other surface of the polarizing film. The +C plate is coated in the form of liquid crystals.

Abstract: A grounding mechanism is used for an electronic device. The electronic device includes a liquid crystal module and a housing. The grounding mechanism includes a first conductive element, a second conductive element and an elastic member. The first conductive element is attached to the liquid crystal module. The second conductive element is attached to the housing. The elastic member includes a main base, a resisting portion and a latching portion. The main base is received in the housing. The resisting portion is electronically connected to the second conductive element. The latching portion is electronically connected to the first conductive element.

Abstract: A two-dimensional light source includes a base substrate having holes, wires disposed on a lower surface of the base substrate, a light emitting diode (LED) chip disposed on an upper surface of the base substrate, plugs that connect two electrodes of the LED chip to the wires through the holes, a buffer layer covering the LED chip, and an optical layer that is disposed on the buffer layer and has an optical pattern formed at a portion of the optical layer corresponding to the LED chip.

Abstract: The main aim of the invention is to provide a polymerizable liquid crystal compound that has a liquid crystal phase with a wide temperature range centering at room temperature, has an excellent compatibility with another polymerizable liquid crystal compound, has an excellent solubility in an organic solvent and is polymerizable even in air by heat or light. A polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1-1) or formula (1-2): wherein A1 and A2 are a divalent cyclic-structure group such as cyclohexylene and phenylene; Z1 is a bonding group such as a single bond and —O—; m is an integer from 1 to 5; Q1 and Q2 are alkylene having 1 to 20 carbons; R1 is fluorine, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkyl, alkoxy and so forth; and Ra and Rb is hydrogen, halogen or alkyl.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel, a light guide plate, and a point illuminator. The liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates. The light guide plate is disposed on a side of the second substrate that is not in contact with the liquid crystal layer, and includes a light incident surface. The point illuminator is rigidly bonded to the side of the second substrate that is not in contact with the liquid crystal layer, and faces the light incident surface of the light guide plate, such that the position of the point illuminator is fixed relative to the light guide plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nematic liquid crystal composition suitable for a bistable nematic liquid crystal display. A bistable nematic liquid crystal display having a wide nematic phase temperature range and operating temperature range can be obtained by using a nematic liquid crystal composition comprising at least 20% by weight of a specific liquid crystal compound (A) having a polar group and 5 to 50% by weight of a specific liquid crystal compound (B) not having a polar group, along with comprising, in the compound (B), at least 3% by weight of a specific liquid crystal compound having a alkenyl group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device performs suitable overshoot drive, even if a panel temperature is changed due to a change of the backlight emission luminance. The liquid crystal display device includes: a temperature sensor which detects the temperature in the device; an emphasis conversion section, which obtains, after the elapse of one vertical display period, an emphasis conversion parameter for making the transmissivity of the liquid crystal panel reach the transmissivity specified by input image signals, and which outputs applying voltage signals for the liquid crystal panel on the basis of the emphasis conversion parameter; and a main microcomputer which corrects the panel temperature of the liquid crystal panel on the basis of the changed light emission luminance when the light emission luminance of the backlight is changed. The emphasis conversion section variably controls the emphasis conversion parameter on the basis of the panel temperature corrected via the main microcomputer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an alignment sustaining layer formed of a photopolymerized material on each of surfaces of a pair of alignment films which are closer to a liquid crystal layer. The alignment sustaining layer is configured to regulate a pretilt azimuth of a liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal layer during absence of an applied voltage. A nematic liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer comprise a liquid crystal compound having a terphenyl ring system as an indispensable component, and the liquid crystal layer further comprises part of a photopolymerizable compound. A content of the photopolymerizable compound relative to the nematic liquid crystal material is less than 0.015 mol %.

Abstract: An electrically controlled medium for modulating light includes two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2), and a mixture layer (3) is arranged between the two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2). The mixture layer (3) is consisted of smectic liquid crystals (31), polymer materials (33) and dopants (32). Electrode layers (4) are coated on one side of each of the two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2) facing to the mixture layer (3), and the electrode layers (4) are connected to a device of electrical driving system (5). The liquid crystal molecules are allowed to exhibit different molecule alignments by controlling the amplitude, frequency and driving time of the electric power applied to the electrode layers (4), so that the electrically controlled medium for modulating light can be switched between a blurredly scattering state and a fully transparent state, even may be switched among a plurality of gradual translucent states of different gray levels.

Abstract: A method for patterning a multilayered conductor/substrate structure includes the steps of: providing a multilayered conductor/substrate structure which includes a plastic substrate and at least one conductive layer overlying the plastic substrate; and irradiating the multilayered conductor/substrate structure with ultraviolet radiation such that portions of the at least one conductive layer are ablated therefrom. In a preferred embodiment, a projection-type excimer laser system is employed to rapidly and precisely ablate a pattern from a mask into the at least one conductive layer. Preferably, the excimer laser is controlled in consideration of how well the at least one conductive layer absorbs radiation at particular wavelengths. Preferably, a fluence of the excimer laser is controlled in consideration of an ablation threshold level of at least one conductive layer.