Abstract: A thin film transistor and its fabrication method. The transistor includes a buffer layer on a substrate, and a poly-crystalline semiconductor layer on the buffer layer. The poly-crystalline semiconductor layer includes a channel layer, offset regions along sides of the channel layer, sequential doping regions along sides of the offset regions, and source and drain regions. The doping concentration is sequentially changed in the sequential doping region. A sloped gate insulation layer is on the poly-crystalline semiconductor layer. A gate electrode having a main gate electrode and auxiliary gate electrodes is on the sloped insulation layer. An interlayer is over the gate electrode and source and drain electrodes are formed in contact with the source and drain regions and on the interlayer. The poly-crystalline semiconductor layer is formed by ion doping a poly-crystalline semiconductor layer through the gate insulation layer while using the gate electrode as a mask.

Abstract: A pixel TFT formed in a pixel region is formed on a first substrate by a channel etch type reverse stagger type TFT, and patterning of a source region and a drain region, and patterning of a pixel electrode are performed by the same photomask. A driver circuit formed by using TFTs having a crystalline semiconductor layer, and an input-output terminal dependent on the driver circuit, are taken as one unit. A plurality of units are formed on a third substrate, and afterward the third substrate is partitioned into individual units, and the obtained stick drivers are mounted on the first substrate.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of transverse electric-field type, where a halftone photomask has a fully light-shielding area preventing UV irradiation of a portion of an active matrix substrate in which a thin-film transistor element is to be formed, so that the photoresist pattern includes a positive resist portion which is formed on the portion of the substrate. The halftone mask further has a fully light-transmitting area which permits full UV transmission therethrough to provide the photoresist pattern with a resist-free area which corresponds to a portion of the substrate in which a contact hole serving as a third connection portion connecting an external scanning-line driver circuit and a scanning-line terminal portion through a junction electrode is to be formed. Also disclosed is a scan-exposing device used in the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A multilayer plate is provided comprising an optically transparent substrate, a protective layer, a conducting layer, and at least one anisotropic thin crystal film. The anisotropic thin crystal film is made of a substance containing aromatic rings and possessing a structure with an interplanar spacing of 3.4±0.2 Å along one of optical axes. The thin crystal film is situated between the substrate and the conducting layer and is separated from the conducting layer by the protective layer. The transmission of the multilayer plate for UV radiation does not exceed 1% at any wavelength below 380 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solvent casting process which comprises casting a dope which is a solution containing at least one kind of a polymer from a casting die onto a casting support, stripping off from the casting support and drying, wherein the force necessary for stripping off the dope from the die lip end of the casting die is 40 g/cm or smaller. According to the present invention, the employment of the foregoing constitution prevents the formation of the slugs at lateral edge portions of the dope because the cast dope would not adhere to the die lip end portion of the casting die. As a result, because a breaking down of the film would not occur without washing the apparatus, an efficient production of a film having superior evenness in the flatness can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising: a liquid crystal panel constructed by sandwiching a liquid crystal between a first transparent substrate having a plurality of data lines and a second transparent substrate having a plurality of scanning lines crossing the data lines; a data line driving integrated circuit connected to the plurality of data lines; and a scanning line driving integrated circuit for driving the plurality of scanning lines, wherein the data line driving integrated circuit is mounted on the first transparent electrode substrate, and the scanning line driving integrated circuit is mounted on the second transparent substrate, and wherein an swinging power supply integrated circuit for swinging a power supply potential of the scanning line driving integrated circuit while maintaining a constant amplitude in response to a liquid crystal driving AC signal is provided which is mounted directly on the first transparent substrate or on the second transparent subs

Abstract: A semiconductor device reduced in size is provided in which the surface area outside of a display portion required for IC chips to mounted is reduced in a semiconductor device having an active matrix display portion. Further, signal wiring connection defects that accompany IC chip mounting are reduced. By manufacturing TFTs on an opposing substrate in a reflecting active matrix semiconductor device, thus manufacturing a desired logic circuit, the logic circuit, conventionally mounted externally, is formed on the opposing substrate. Further, the semiconductor device is made high speed and high performance by using suitable TFT structures and electric power source voltages for pixels and driver circuits on a pixel substrate and for the logic circuit on the opposing substrate.

Abstract: A pixel portion 100 of a liquid crystal display de ice comprises a thin film transistor T comprising a gate electrode 13, a gate insulating film 16, a channel region 18, and source/drain regions 22, a source line (data) 26 for supplying current to the thin film transistor T and a pixel electrode 24. In the formation of a pixel circuit 100, a gate electrode 13, a gate insulating film 16, and the channel region 18 are firstly formed on a glass substrate 10. After the formation of the channel region 18 and the like, a polyimide film 20 surrounding the peripheries of the regions to be provide with the source/drain regions 22, the pixel electrode 24 and the source line 26 on a glass substrate 10 is formed. The regions surrounded with the wall of the polyimide film 20 are applied with a liquid material and subjected to a thermal treatment, thereby forming the element of the source/drain regions 22 and the like.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display of compact size is disclosed. The liquid crystal display has a tape carrier package and a single integrated PCB for processing a gate driving signal and data driving signal. The tape carrier package includes a base substrate, a gate driver IC formed on said base substrate, an input pattern formed on said base substrate that applies gate driving signals input from an external device to the gate driver IC, a first output pattern formed on said base substrate that outputs a first gate driving signal processed in said gate driver IC, and a second output pattern formed on said base substrate, that outputs a second gate driving signal bypassing the gate driver IC among the gate driving signals.

Abstract: A liquid crystal material dispensing apparatus includes a spacer height measuring unit for measuring a height of a spacer on a substrate, and a liquid crystal material dispensing system for determining an amount of the liquid crystal material to be dispensed on the substrate based upon the measured spacer height and for dispensing the liquid crystal material onto the substrate.

Abstract: In liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a liquid crystal display device and a flexible board with a pattern formed on one surface, the flexible board is bent approximately at the center in two via a bending section and the inner surfaces are hermetically fixed thus configuring a first pattern surface, associated parts, and a second pattern surface, contacts with the printed circuit board, at the rear of the first pattern surface. Via this configuration, the liquid crystal display apparatus can be configured using a flexible board having a single-sided pattern and assembly of the liquid crystal display device and the printed circuit board can be facilitated.

Abstract: In the packaging of an LCD module within a small and lightweight case, the case comprising a front case and a rear case, a recess with a predetermined depth, formed at the edge of the bottom side of the LCD module, is combined with a boss formed at the case, and a recess with a predetermined depth, formed at the edge of its surface, is fastened to a fastening means for securing the LCD module, thereby minimizing the difference between the areas of the LCD module and the case and further reducing the number of processes required for combining the LCD module with the case. In addition, the recess formed at the surface edge of the LCD module is combined with a fastening hook formed at the rear case so that the LCD module can be secured to the rear case and to the front case without any separate fastening member such as a stud or insert.

Abstract: A structure of a display device comprises an organic luminescent diode display faceplate, a flexible PCB, a driving IC element, a conductive adhesive, and a passive element for driving the resistance capacitance of the circuit. The organic luminescent diode display faceplate is mounted with the faceplate electrodes (anode and cathode). The flexible PCB is mounted on the center rear end of the organic luminescent diode display faceplate. The outside of the flexible PCB is mounted with a plurality of outer lead bonding; and the inside of the flexible PCB is mounted with a plurality of inner lead bonding.

Abstract: A gate wire is formed on an insulating substrate by a photolithography process using the first mask, and a gate insulating layer and a semiconductor layer are sequentially deposited. Then, an ohmic contact layer made of silicide or microcrystallized and doped amorphous silicon is formed on the semiconductor layer. Then, a triple pattern including a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer and an ohmic contact layer are patterned at the same time by a photolithography process using the second mask. At this time, a contact hole exposing the gate pad is formed. An ITO layer and a metal layer are deposited and patterned to form a data wire, a pixel electrode, and a redundant gate pad by a photolithography process using the third mask. The ohmic contact layer, which is not covered with the ITO layer and the metal layer, is removed. A passivation layer is deposited and patterned by a photolithography process using the fourth mask.

Abstract: In a light shutter device in which multiple light shutter elements are located on a substrate made of PLZT, and the ON/OFF control of light is carried out by having an electrical field operate on each light shutter element from a pair of electrodes, the cross-talk phenomenon occurs among adjacent elements on the PLZT substrate, i.e., the elements (13c), (13e) and (13g). In order to effectively prevent such cross-talk, driving is carried out such that an electrical field does not operate on such elements simultaneously as a practical matter. In other words, the one line cycle is divided into periods (a) and (b), and the element (13e) is turned ON during the period (a) while the other elements (13c) and (13g) are turned ON during the period (b). Through this operation, a light shutter device in which each element has a stable amount of pass-through light may be obtained.

Abstract: A touch panel is constructed of a top sheet member having a resistive membrane on its inner surface and a base sheet member having a resistive membrane on its inner surface, the top and base sheet members facing each other with dot spacers being located in between. The top sheet member is formed by laminating a bulge-resistant film, a polarizing plate, a quarter wavelength plate, and a light isotropic film in this order from above. A PET film which is not heat-treated so as to have a higher thermal contraction rate than the other members of the top sheet member underneath such as the polarizing plate, is used as the bulge-resistant film. Since the bulge-resistant film contracts more than the polarizing plate under a high ambient temperature, after the ambient temperature returns to normal, the bulge-resistant film does not become slack against the polarizing plate. Accordingly, the top sheet member can be kept from bulging outward.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same, in which wirings connected between pads and an integrated circuit is protected from being corroded. A pixel array is formed on a display region of a substrate. A plurality of pads are formed on a non-display region of the substrate. An integrated circuit is formed on the non-display region of the substrate and connected to the pads to generate a signal for operating the pixel array. Conductive barrier layers separated from each of the pads are formed on peripheral portions of the pads connected to the integrated circuit. The conductive barrier layers have electric potential equivalent to that of each of the pads in accordance with internal connections of the integrated circuit. When bumps of the integrated circuit and the pads are attached to each other, the conductive barrier layers prevent the pads and the wirings connected to the pads from being corroded.

Abstract: A lens array 22C has convex lenses 221 and 221C arranged in alternate and staggering manner to one another. In combination with a condenser lens 23, the convex lenses 221 form images of respective convex lenses 211 of a lens array 21 on a plane 24 to be illuminated in overlapping so that an illuminance distribution on the plane 24 is almost uniform, while the convex lenses 221C whose focal length is longer than that of the convex lenses 211 make on the plane 24 an illuminance distribution of a mountain-shape. Flat plate portions and concave lenses may be employed instead of the convex lenses 221C. A polarization conversion element comprises two elements and an element disposed therebetween with its longitudinal direction being perpendicular to the two element. The images of a light emitting part are included in band-shaped useful incident areas.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel part group composed of a plurality of panel parts such as an array cell, a optical system sheet family, a light guide plate, a lamp reflector, and a lamp, and a liquid crystal display panel is enveloped in a film for laminating the parts. This film may be provided so as to cover the whole of the liquid crystal display panel part group and the film may have an opening. In order to adjust the positions of the parts, convex and concave portions are provided in the liquid crystal display panel parts.

Abstract: A display device is provided, which includes: self-light-emitting type image displaying means that has pixels arranged two-dimensionally; micro light-emitting points that correspond to each pixel of the image displaying means and exist in a part of the pixel; and a micro optical element that guides irradiated light from each of the micro light-emitting points arranged two-dimensionally, in which optical axes connecting each of the micro light-emitting points and the micro optical element corresponding to the micro light-emitting point substantially intersect in a predetermined point closer than a near point of an eye, and the micro optical element is arranged so as to focus a virtual image of the micro light-emitting point corresponding to the micro optical element in a position that is a least distance of distinct vision or more apart from the predetermined point.

Abstract: A display assembly includes two superposed, respectively upper (24) and lower (26) display devices, characterized in that the upper display device (24) includes a display cell (28) arranged above an optical valve (30), said double structure being arranged so as to be transparent in a first state to make the lower display device visible (26), and so as to display item of data in a second state, control circuits supplying a control voltage to the cell (28) to cause it to switch from the first state to the second state and vice versa, characterized in that the cell (28) is a display cell of the type including a diffusing or reflective liquid crystal in the second state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises a pair of substrates 2a and 2b, liquid crystal L held between the substrates 2a and 2b, and an IC 13 mounted on an overhang section 2c of the substrate 2a. A terminal column 26a comprises a plurality of terminals 18 aligned in a direction away from the liquid crystal L. The terminal column 26a has, in the order of the closeness to the liquid crystal L, a first noneffective terminal region within a distance “A” from a first side of the IC, an effective terminal region X continuing from the first noneffective terminal region, and a second noneffective terminal region within a distance “B” from a second side of the IC, the second noneffective terminal region continuing from the effective terminal region. The distances A and B are adjusted to satisfy the relationship A>B.

Abstract: A color Thin Film Transistor (TFT) display module with shielding-effect cable includes a color TFT display, a grounding terminal and a cable. The grounding terminal is installed at the rear of the color TFT display, while the cable, being electrically connected with the color TFT display and the grounding terminal, has a number of signal lines and micro-strip grounding pieces. Of which, the signal lines are electrically connected with the color TFT display, whilst the micro-strip grounding pieces, being connected with the grounding terminal, are interlaced with the signal lines.

Abstract: An apparatus is described which includes a frame, a video monitor display mounted to the frame, a torque shaft coupled to the frame such that rotation of the torque shaft causes the frame to pivot along a predetermined arc. The apparatus further involves engaging to the torque shaft to impart rotational motion to the torque shaft, a releasable cam follower slidably disposed on the cam shaft and a spring mounted on the cam shaft exerting a spring bias force directed toward the cam so as to cause rotational motion of the cam.

Abstract: Disclosed is to provide an array substrate for display, a method of manufacturing the array substrate for display and a display device using the array substrate for display.

Abstract: Devices and systems for the detection of ligands comprising at least one receptor and an amplification mechanism comprising a liquid crystalline, where an amplified signal is produced as a result of receptor binding to a ligand are provided. Also provided are methods for the automatic detection of ligands.

Abstract: An orientation layer of an acrylic copolymer is used to orient rod-like liquid crystal molecules perpendicularly to rubbing direction. The copolymer comprises repeating units represented by the formula (I) and repeating units represented by the formula (II) or (III).

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device (1), in particular in a vehicle, having a housing (3) on the front side of which facing a viewer a liquid crystal cell (2) is mounted, and having a printed circuit board which is arranged on the rear of the housing (3) and has the purpose of making electrical contact with the liquid crystal cell (2), a contacting element (8) which is clamped against the liquid crystal cell (2), is approximately plate-shaped and is guided at its larger sides (13, 14) in the housing (3) and has the purpose of making electrical connection with the printed circuit board and liquid crystal cell (2) being arranged between the printed circuit board and a contacting region (7) of the liquid crystal cell (2) which is arranged outside a display region (6) of the liquid crystal cell (2).

Abstract: A light shutter device which, on a planar PLZT substrate, has a plurality of light transmitting portions (light shutter elements) which are disposed in two groups separated by a common electrode, and individual electrodes provided for the respective elements. Adjacent light shutter elements in each of the groups are arranged in mutually different lines so as to inhibit crosstalk.

Abstract: Improved method of heat-treating a glass substrate, especially where the substrate is thermally treated (such as formation of films, growth of films, and oxidation) around or above its strain point If devices generating heat are formed on the substrate, it dissipates the heat well. An aluminum nitride film is formed on at least one surface of the substrate. This aluminum nitride film acts as a heat sink and prevents local concentration of heat produced by the devices such as TFTs formed on the glass substrate surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of certain polyglutarimides as plastic substrates for use in electronic display applications. These substrates have relatively high Tgs for plastics, and good optical clarity and flatness, with low shrinkage and low birefringence. Also disclosed are electronic display cells made using such polyglutarimide substrates.

Abstract: There is provided an active matrix type liquid crystal display, which hardly generates display unevenness incident to electrode dimensional fluctuation caused by variations resulting from the electrode formation process, and which is excellent in mass producibility and in high image quality. An active matrix type liquid crystal display using the horizontal electric field system, wherein dimensional fluctuation in the active elements and the stored capacity formation portion, and finish dimensional fluctuation in the electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer occur simultaneously, and variations in effective driving voltage caused by fluctuation in the active element dimension act in a direction to compensate for variations in the optical quality caused by dimensional fluctuation of the electrode for applying the electric field.

Abstract: A controllable auto-heating type heat source is located at a periphery of a light source and light reflecting layers are placed between the light source and the controllable auto-heating type heat source. Therefore, use of a temperature detector and a control circuit in order to control the heat source are unnecessary, so that thermal runaway of the heat source is avoided. Further, the light reflecting layers reflect the light irradiated from the light source, so that the amount of the beam of light shielded by the heat source is decreased.

Abstract: A backlight apparatus has a collimating waveguide with a light input end, a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing sides, a far end opposite the light input end, and a total internal reflection critical angle for the material of the waveguide. A plurality of first facets are formed in the bottom surface distributed along the waveguide between the light input end and the far end. Each of the first facets has a first facet bottom surface which converges toward the top surface in a direction away from the far end relative to the top surface. A light scattering and reflective surface is disposed adjacent the far end of the collimating waveguide. The first facet bottom surfaces cause light rays entering the light input end to be totally internally reflected to the far end of the collimating waveguide wherein the scattering and reflective surface at the far end reflects and scatters light rays incident thereon back toward the light input end.

Abstract: The present invention applies different common voltages to common electrodes corresponding to both end points of gate lines and data lines. At this time, the highest common voltage is applied to a common electrode point far away from both a data driver and a gate driver, the second highest common voltage is applied to a common electrode point close to the data driver and far away from the gate driver, the third highest common voltage is applied to a common electrode point far away from the data driver and close to the gate driver, and the lowest common voltage is applied to a common electrode close to both of the data driver and the gate driver.

Abstract: A combination includes a liquid crystal module having a liquid crystal panel forming a front surface, an opposing back surface, and a backlight structured and arranged to transmit light between the front and back surfaces. A light sensor located behind the back surface detects light transmitted from the backlight through the back surface. The light sensor detects a quantity of light when the backlight is lit at a maximum luminance, and outputs a signal indicative of the quantity of light. A luminance setting means sets a desired luminance by a user as a function of a desired percentage of the maximum lumination of the backlight. A control means controls the luminance of the backlight using the signal as a reference so that the luminance set by the luminance setting means is achieved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having an increased pixel aperture ratio is disclosed along with a method of making same. An array of a-Si TFTs is deposited on a transparent substrate. Subsequently, an organic insulating layer (e.g. Benzocyclobutene) and a corresponding array of pixel electrodes are deposited over the TFT array so that the pixel electrodes overlap the display address lines thereby increasing the display's pixel aperture ratio. The low dielectric constant .epsilon. (e.g. about 2.7) and relatively high thickness (e.g. greater than about 1.5 .mu.m) of the insulating layer reduce the pixel electrode-address line parasitic capacitance C.sub.PL in the overlap areas thereby reducing cross-talk (or capacitive coupling) in the display. In sum, an increased pixel aperture ratio is achieved without sacrificing display performance.

Abstract: A process for inducing pre-tilt in alignment of a liquid crystal medium comprising exposing at least one optical alignment layer, comprising anisotropically absorbing molecules and hydrophobic moieties, to polarized light; the polarized light having a wavelength within the absorption band of said anisotropically absorbing molecules; wherein the exposed anisotropically absorbing molecules induce alignment of the liquid crystal medium at an angle + and -.theta. with respect to the direction of the polarization of the incident light beam and along the surface of the optical alignment layer, and induce a pre-tilt at an angle .PHI. with respect to the surface of the optical alignment layer and applying a liquid crystal medium to said optical alignment layer, is described. The invention also is directed to liquid crystal display elements made by the process of the invention and to novel polyimide compositions that are useful as optical alignment layers in the invention.

Abstract: A process for inducing pre-tilt in alignment of a liquid crystal medium comprising exposing at least one optical alignment layer, comprising anisotropically absorbing molecules and hydrophobic moieties, to polarized light; the polarized light having a wavelength within the absorption band of said anisotropically absorbing molecules; wherein the exposed anisotropically absorbing molecules induce alignment of the liquid crystal medium at an angle + and -.theta. with respect to the direction of the polarization of the incident light beam and along the surface of the optical alignment layer, and induce a pre-tilt at an angle .PHI. with respect to the surface of the optical alignment layer and applying a liquid crystal medium to said optical alignment layer, is described. The invention also is directed to liquid crystal display elements made by the process of the invention and to novel polyimide compositions that are useful as optical alignment layers in the invention.

Abstract: A self adjusting tiled image display system and method is provided. In operation, an image source having an array of tiled image displays projects a test image pattern. A positioning device is attached to a corresponding one of the image displays for positioning that image display. A sensor senses the test image pattern projected by the image displays and generates a sensor signal indicative of the sensed test image pattern. A processor compares the sensor signal to a proper alignment signal indicative of the image displays being properly aligned to generate a positioning signal. The processor applies the positioning signal to the positioning devices to position the image displays as a function of the positioning signal until the image displays are in the proper alignment.

Abstract: A method is described for packaging a liquid crystal panel device that includes a pair of plastic substrates and a liquid crystal material encapsulated therebetween. The method includes the steps of enveloping the liquid crystal panel device by a container substantially impermeable to gases and containing an undesirable gas, removing the undesirable gas from the container and hermetically sealing the liquid crystal panel device in the container after removing the undesirable gas therefrom. A liquid crystal panel package is also described which includes at least one liquid crystal panel device, a packaging box and a container. The packaging box is sized to receive the liquid crystal panel device and is fabricated from a gas permeable material. The container is fabricated from a gas impermeable material and contains an undesirable gas. The container is sized to contain the packaging box with the liquid crystal panel device received therein.

Abstract: A method of treating a metal alkoxide solution to form metal oxide prepolymer molecules therein is characterized by irradiating the solution with light energy having a wavelength selected to break the metal-alkoxy group bond in said metal alkoxide, thereby to form the metal oxide prepolymer molecules in the solution. The prepolymer is converted into polymeric metal oxide gel. The stoichiometry of the oxide is high. A gel of carbon content below 4 atomic % can be achieved by the step of decarbonizing the gel, preferably using light to produce ozone.

Abstract: A retardation film comprising a polymerized liquid crystal oligomer having positive intrinsic birefringence, also having a glass transition temperature of 50.degree. C. or below and showing nematic or smectic phase, characterized in that the optical axis of the film lies in the film plane, that the value of retardation (product of anisotropy of refractive index .DELTA.n of said film and film thickness d) at 30.degree. C. is 100 nm or above, and that the ratio of the value of retardation at 80.degree. C. to that at 30.degree. C. is 0.95-0.5, allows proper adjustment of the rate of change with temperature in accordance with the rate of change with temperature of the liquid crystal cell used in combination with the film, and can provide liquid crystal display devices showing excellent display performance at high temperatures.

Abstract: A method for driving an optical modulation device of a group of scanning electrodes and a group of signal electrodes arranged so that picture elements are defined at the intersections therebetween and a bistable optical modulation material assuming one of two stable states between the groups of electrodes, by in a first phase orienting the bistable material at the picture elements on an N-th scanning electrode to one stable state, and applying a writing signal to the signal electrodes in synchronism with a scanning signal to the N-th scanning electrode and while orienting the bistable material at the picture elements on an N+1-th scanning electrode to the one stable state.