Abstract: The age class of a human subject is ascertained in a digital image. The subject has a redeye defect pair; each defect having one or more defect pixels. In the method, two regions of pixels corresponding to the defects are identified. The distance between the regions is measured. A region size is determined, based upon the size of at least one of the regions. An age class is determined from the distance and region size.

Abstract: A method to assess objectively visual characteristics of one eye (10) of a patient (1) comprising the steps of: a) positioning the patient's (1) head in a reading position, b) determining the visual characteristics by using a device (3) arranged to assess objectively visual characteristics of the eye (10), the device being arranged to emit a light beam (81, 82). Relates also to a system for assessing objectively visual characteristics of one eye (10) of a patient (1) comprising:—a head support arranged to position the patient's (1) head in a reading position, a device (3) arranged to assess objectively visual characteristics of the eye (10), the device (3) being arranged to emit a light beam (81, 82).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for determining the individually required addition (Add) of a vision assist for an eye, the method having the following steps: a) a preliminary addition (Addpreliminary) is determined; b) the depth of field (T) of the eye is individually determined; and, c) the addition (Add) is computed according to the following equation: Add=Addpreliminary??T; wherein ? defines a real number which lies in the range 0<??1. The invention is further directed to a corresponding arrangement for carrying out the method as well as a computer program.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring a displacement in vivo in situ of an eye, along with a method of assessing of an eye condition. More particularly, the apparatus and method of the present invention permits measurements of a displacement of at least two points in proximity of an optic disc, in the eye of a patient. For doing so, the apparatus uses a probing unit, an analog/digital converter and an analyzer. The displacement measured may include a pulsatile displacement of the lamina cribrosa, so as to perform early assessment of an eye condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for determining the applicability of a treatment pattern for manipulation of a cornea of an eye using a laser. The concept of the present invention is based on the determination of an actual volumetric profile based on a set of input data and a theoretical volumetric profile which is created independently based on only the basic optical parameters. On the basis of a comparison of the determined volumetric profiles it is determined whether the actual volumetric profile is within predetermined tolerances.

Abstract: A system for positioning an eye of a patient, for example, for laser ophthalmic surgery includes a reflectometer adapted to receive as input a reflected beam from an anterior surface of a cornea of an eye of a patient. The interferometer is calibratable to a desired position of the corneal anterior surface. A comparator is in signal communication with the interferometer and is adapted to calculate from the input a difference between an actual position and the desired position of the corneal anterior surface. A device is in signal communication with the comparator for moving the patient a distance in a direction for matching the actual position to the desired position of the corneal anterior surface.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems establish an optical surface shape that mitigates or treats a vision condition in a patient. An optical surface shape for a particular patient can be determined using a set of patient parameters for the specific patient by using a compound modulation transfer function (CMTF). The compound modulation transfer function can include a combination of modulation transfer functions (MTF's) at a plurality of distinct frequencies.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a circuit arrangement for recognising and for tracking, in a contact-free manner, eye positions of several users in real time. The input data comprises a sequence of digital video frames. Said method comprises the following steps: combining a face-finder-instance which is used to examine faces, an eye-finder-instance which is used to examine eye areas, and an eye-tracker-instance which is used to recognise and track eye reference points. The aim of the invention is to convert the eye positions within a hierarchical outlet of the instance to the target, which successively restricts the dataset, which is to be processed, emerging from the dataset of the entire video frame (VF) in order to form a face target area (GZ) and subsequently an eye target area (AZ). Also, an instance or a group of instances, which run in a parallel manner, are carried out, respectively, on a calculating unit thereof.

Abstract: Various embodiments of methods and systems for improving and enhancing vision are disclosed. Adjustable lenses or optical systems may be used to provide adaptive vision modification. In some embodiments, vision modification may be responsive to the current state of the user's visual system. Certain embodiments provide correction of the subject's near and far vision. Other embodiments provide enhancement of vision beyond the physiological ranges of focal length or magnification.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for determining an aberration in an optical tissue system of an eye are provided. Techniques include inputting optical data from the optical tissue system of the eye, where the optical data includes set of local gradients corresponding to a non-circular shaped aperture, processing the optical data with an iterative Fourier transform to obtain a set of Fourier coefficients, converting the set of Fourier coefficients to a set of modified Zernike coefficients that are orthogonal over the non-circular shaped aperture, and determining the aberration in the optical tissue system of the eye based on the set of modified Zernike coefficients.

Abstract: The eye movement sensor comprises a helmet (1) adjustable to the head of a patient who is undergoing an ophthalmologic examination, in a unit with seat (10) and projection screen (11) of light spots in front, the same helmet (1) incorporating a front light projector (2) which emits a light spot towards the screen (11), as well as means of image recording of each one of the eyes, which records their movements captured from an angle which permits viewing the eye in all its positions. Said means of recording preferably consists of a video camera (6) disposed below the projector (2) of the helmet (1), focussing a pair of mirrors (7), incorporated on different sides of the lower part of the helmet (1) downward, under each eye respectively, to capture the specular reflection of its movements; or instead, two cameras (5) under each eye.

Abstract: A method of generating a computer program for control of an apparatus for photorefractive treatment of presbyopia by ablation of corneal tissue or a contact lens, comprising the following steps: (a) electing an eye model, (b) measuring the pupil diameter of the patient at far distance mesopically and at short distance photopically, (c) selecting wanted short and far distances regarding optimum sight, (d) calculating a global optimum regarding curvature (1/R) and asphericity (Q) of the cornea on the basis of the results obtained in steps (a) (b) and (c) by means of optical ray tracing and minimal spot diameter at the retina, and (e) deriving the computer program in accordance with the results of step (d). Alternatively step (d) includes determining a central steep island with a diameter in the range of 2 to 4 millimeters at the cornea and calculating a curvature and asphericity in the rest of the cornea.

Abstract: A method of simulating an optical effect, and/or characteristic of a selected ophthalmic lens design for a wearer is disclosed. In an embodiment, the method includes retrieving simulation data for the selected ophthalmic lens design and processing the simulation data to generate output image data for an output image simulating the optical effect and/or characteristic of the selected ophthalmic lens design. The output image is displayed, using a head-mounted display worn by the wearer, for viewing by the wearer. A system for simulating an optical effect, and/or characteristic of a selected ophthalmic lens design for a wearer is also disclosed.

Abstract: An ophthalmological photographic apparatus includes an observation moving-image photographic unit configured to photograph an observation moving image of a subject's eye, a still-image photographic unit configured to photograph a still image of the subject's eye, an image display unit configured to display at least one of the observation moving image and the still image, and a display content control unit configured to cause the image display unit to display one of the observation moving image and the still image when the still-image photographic unit photographs a still image.

Abstract: A system provides an optical image of an object. A first module tracks a reference feature of the object. A second module includes a source for an imaging beam, a scanning device to move the imaging beam along a portion of the object and a detection device receives a signal associated with an image of the portion of the object. The first module controls the position of the imaging beam relative to the reference feature to correct for the motion of the object. A third module detects a distortion of the object and compensates for the distortion.

Abstract: Wavefront measurements of eyes are normally taken when the pupil is relatively large, and the results are often represented by a set of Zernike coefficients. Different sets of Zernike coefficients can be calculated to represent aberrations at smaller pupil sizes. While recently described techniques allow scaling of the expansion coefficients with Zernike polynomials, a more intuitive approach would be desirable. Such an approach may optionally derive an equivalent result as known techniques, but may employ a much simpler and nonrecursive formula between the new and the original sets of Zernike polynomial expansion coefficients of a wavefront when the aperture size is scaled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a doze-off warning apparatus for a vehicle, comprising: a sensor measuring a driver's eye-open time (to) and an eye-closure time (tc); a doze-off driving determination part determining degree of danger based on the measured eye-open time (to) and the eye-closure time (tc) and comparing the determined degree of danger with a predetermined threshold (Kt); and an alarm part providing a warning signal with the driver when the degree of danger exceeds the predetermined threshold (Kt).

Abstract: Light is split into a signal light LS directed toward the fundus oculi Ef and a reference light LR directed toward a reference mirror 174, and interference light LC generated by superimposing the signal light LS passing through the fundus oculi Ef and the reference light LR passing through the reference mirror 174 using a spectrometer 180 is detected to form tomographic images. A reference mirror drive mechanism 243 shifts the reference mirror 174 toward the optical path direction of the reference light LR and an information storage part 225 storing the reference mirror 174 position information based on previous tomographic images. The controlling part 210 controls the reference mirror drive mechanism 243 so that the reference mirror 174 shifts into a position based on reference mirror position information stored in the information storage part 225.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lenses that are capable of post-fabrication power modifications. In general, the inventive lenses comprise (i) a first polymer matrix and (ii) a refraction modulating composition that is capable of stimulus-induced polymerization dispersed therein. When at least a portion of the lens is exposed to an appropriate stimulus, the refraction modulating composition forms a second polymer matrix. The amount and location of the second polymer matrix may modify a lens characteristic such as lens power by changing its refractive index and/or by altering its shape. The inventive lenses have a number of applications in the electronics and medical fields as data storage means and as medical lenses, particularly intraocular lenses, respectively.

Abstract: A timer function hold mode in which the timer continues the timing function is set in a mydriatic fluorescence mode by operating a timer switch for at least a fixed time, or by simultaneously operating a fluorescence filter switch and the timer switch. If the timer function hold mode is set in the mydriatic fluorescence mode, then the timing of the timer is continued even after the photography mode switches to another photography mode e.g. non-mydriatic or mydriatic color mode. When, on the other hand, the timer function hold mode is not set in the mydriatic fluorescence mode, the timer is caused to be stopped or reset when the mode is switched to the non-mydriatic or mydriatic color mode.

Abstract: A fundus oculi observation device comprises: an image forming part configured to optically acquire data and form a tomographic image of a fundus oculi of an eye; a storage configured to store optical information representing a state of an ocular optical system of the eye; a calculator configured to calculate a magnification of the ocular optical system, based on the optical information; and an analyzer configured to analyze the tomographic image, based on the magnification.

Abstract: An iris imaging system is provided. The iris imaging system includes at least one light source configured to illuminate an iris at a spectrum of light. The iris imaging system also includes at least one image capturing device including at least one of an indium-gallium-arsenide, lead sulphide, and lead selenide based detector and configured to capture an image of the iris via light reflected from the iris at the spectrum. The device is further configured to provide a signal representing one or more features of the iris in response to the light reflected from the iris.

Abstract: An optotype presenting apparatus for presenting an optotype to be used for testing a visual function of an eye of an examinee, the apparatus comprises: a display unit including a memory in which a plurality of optotypes is stored and a display on which at least one of the stored optotypes is displayed; an operation unit by which at lest one of the stored optotypes to be displayed on the display is selected; a pilot lamp placed to be visible by the examinee who is in front of the display; and a control unit which turns on the pilot lamp when the display unit is powered on and the display is in an off-state, and turns off the pilot lamp when the display unit is powered on and the display is in an on-state.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a Line of Sight (LOS) electromagnetic beam (EM) detection system configured with an enclosure, a detection device, a processing device, a storage device, and a communication device. The enclosure may or may not be electromagnetically shielded from the surrounding environment. The enclosure may contain one or more detection devices and one or more portals configured for a user to look through. The detection devices may be a non-contacting, active-dry electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode or a high input impedance EEG electrode. The processing device may be a specifically programmed general purpose computer. The communication device may be auditory and/or visual. The storage device may store signals from the detection device for later analysis and statistical manipulation. In some embodiments, the LOS detection system may be used as a switch responding to interaction with a LOS beam emanating from an ocular cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing multiple procedures involving the eye. The apparatus includes a data collection apparatus and a data analysis module. The data collection apparatus for collecting a data set corresponding to at least a portion of an eye of a patient is configured to provide data indicative of at least two neurological disorders selected from the group consisting of glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dyslexia, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, LDS, head trauma, diabetes, and inappropriate responses to contrast sensitivity patterns. The data analysis module interrelates the data indicative of at least two neurological disorders to provide an interpretive result.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring corneal resistance to deformation use an empirically derived function wherein an inward applanation pressure P1 and an outward applanation pressure P2 obtained during a corneal deformation cycle caused by a fluid pulse are separately weighted so as to minimize dependence of the calculated corneal resistance factor (CRF) on intraocular pressure. In one embodiment, the function is optimized, at least in part, to maximize statistical correlation between the calculated corneal resistance factor (CRF) and central corneal thickness.

Abstract: A system is described for objective patient self-testing and time-based self-monitoring of retina diseases that improves quality, usability and confidence compared to currently available testing options.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmological display comprising an optical imager (10) for shaping light beams emitted by a miniature screen (20) of a light beam generator system and for directing the beams towards the eye (O) of the wearer to enable an image (I) to be viewed, said imager presenting an outlet optical axis (A). According to the invention, the display includes a device for adjusting to the user's pupil spacing, the device including means for adjusting the position of said image (I1, I2) in a plane substantially perpendicular to said optical axis (A).

Abstract: A method for assessing vestibular system function includes stimulating the inner ear with an audible range signal; collecting data representative of audible range ocular motion; and on the basis of the data, evaluating vestibular system function.

Abstract: There is described in one embodiment an eye viewing device for viewing a structure of an eye such as a retina. The eye viewing device can include an image sensor. In one embodiment an eye viewing device can be adapted to facilitate both visual viewing of an eye structure and electronic image capture.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for determining an aberration in an optical tissue system of an eye are provided. Techniques include inputting optical data from the optical tissue system of the eye, where the optical data includes set of local gradients corresponding to a non-circular shaped aperture, processing the optical data with an iterative Fourier transform to obtain a set of Fourier coefficients, converting the set of Fourier coefficients to a set of modified Zernike coefficients that are orthogonal over the non-circular shaped aperture, and determining the aberration in the optical tissue system of the eye based on the set of modified Zernike coefficients.

Abstract: Tear film is measured without contacting the eye by comparing reflectance from the eye when the tear film is undisturbed with reflectance from the eye when the when the tear film is disturbed. If the reflectance levels differ somewhat, it is an indication that a healthy tear film exhibiting good specular reflection was present initially and was disturbed by the air pulse. However, if the reflectance levels are close to one another, it is an indication that a less-than-normal tear film was present initially (dry eye). In a described embodiment, tear film is disturbed by an air pulse directed at the eye, and a photosensitive detector is positioned to receive light from an illumination beam after the beam is reflected by the eye to generate a reflectance signal. The reflectance signal is evaluated to calculate a tear film index.

Abstract: System, methods, and devices are described for eye self-exam. In particular, optomechanical and digital ocular sensor reader systems are provided. The optomechanical system provides a device for viewing an ocular sensor implanted in one eye with the other eye. The digital ocular sensor system is a digital camera system for capturing an image of an eye, including an image of a sensor implanted in the eye.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for determining the individually required addition (Add) of a vision assist for an eye, the method having the following steps: a) a preliminary addition (Addpreliminary) is determined; b) the depth of field (T) of the eye is individually determined; and, c) the addition (Add) is computed according to the following equation: Add=Addpreliminary??T; wherein ? defines a real number which lies in the range 0<s?1. The invention is further directed to a corresponding arrangement for carrying out the method as well as a computer program.

Abstract: A system provides an optical image of an object. A first module tracks a reference feature of the object. A second module includes a source for an imaging beam, a scanning device to move the imaging beam along a portion of the object and a detection device receives a signal associated with an image of the portion of the object. The first module controls the position of the imaging beam relative to the reference feature to correct for the motion of the object. A third module detects a distortion of the object and compensates for the distortion.

Abstract: A method of performing an OCT image scan is presented. Other images are taken and a template is formed to correct the OCT images, for example, for eye motion, blood vessel placement, and center offset. In some embodiments, video images are taken simultaneously with the OCT images and utilized to correct the OCT images. In some embodiments, a template OCT image is formed prior to acquisition of the OCT images and the template OCT image is utilized as a template from which to correct all of the OCT images.

Abstract: A timer function hold mode in which the timer continues the timing function is set in a mydriatic fluorescence mode by operating a timer switch for at least a fixed time, or by simultaneously operating a fluorescence filter switch and the timer switch. If the timer function hold mode is set in the mydriatic fluorescence mode, then the timing of the timer is continued even after the photography mode switches to another photography mode e.g. non-mydriatic or mydriatic color mode. When, on the other hand, the timer function hold mode is not set in the mydriatic fluorescence mode, the timer is caused to be stopped or reset when the mode is switched to the non-mydriatic or mydriatic color mode.

Abstract: A wavefront device (FIG. 1A) produces adjustable amplitudes in optical path differences and adjustable axis orientation angles, two substantially identical wave plates (225) have a wavefront profile of at least the third order Zernike polynomial function which are not circularly symmetric, as denoted by Z(i,j) where i>3 and jO. The wave plates are mounted in rotatable mounts (124) with their optical centers substantially aligned with each other.

Abstract: Wavefront measurements of eyes are normally taken when the pupil is relatively large, and the results are often represented by a set of Zernike coefficients. Different sets of Zernike coefficients can be calculated to represent aberrations at smaller pupil sizes. While recently described techniques allow scaling of the expansion coefficients with Zernike polynomials, a more intuitive approach would be desirable. Such an approach may optionally derive an equivalent result as known techniques, but may employ a much simpler and nonrecursive formula between the new and the original sets of Zernike polynomial expansion coefficients of a wavefront when the aperture size is scaled.

Abstract: In one aspect the present invention provides methods for assessing a physiological state of a mammalian retina in vivo, the methods of this aspect of the invention each include the steps of: (a) irradiating a portion of a mammalian retina, in vivo, with light having a wavelength in the range of from 600 nm to 1000 nm at an intensity sufficient to stimulate two-photon-induced fluorescence in the retina; and (b) assessing a physiological state of the retina by analyzing the fluorescence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to technology for, among other things, administering, and analyzing the results of, ophthalmic examinations. The technology involves generating a display on a display device to enable a first ophthalmic exam to be administered, receiving a request for results of a second ophthalmic exam, requesting the results of the second ophthalmic exam from a data source, receiving the results of the second ophthalmic exam from the data source, displaying the results of the second ophthalmic exam on the display device and enabling annotation or modification of the results displayed on the display device.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic photographing apparatus includes a light source having two or more types of light-emitting-diode (LED) light emitting elements configured to emit light of different wavelengths, an illumination optical system configured to illuminate a fundus of a subject's eye with light emitted by the light source, an imaging optical system configured to form a fundus image from light reflected from the fundus of the subject's eye illuminated by the illumination optical system, and a control unit configured to control the light source to emit light of different wavelengths, with which the fundus of the subject's eye is illuminated, between when the formed fundus image is observed and when the formed fundus image is captured as a still image.

Abstract: Scattering can be measured by using an optical system having a Hartman-Shack wave-surface sensor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for accurately imaging, assessing and measuring a patient's macular pigment. A multiband filter is employed in combination with a color digital fundus camera to provide a method that operates with a single imaging exposure. The multiband filter has bandpass regions within spectral ranges of the red, green and blue detectors of the CCD array employed within the fundus camera, the bandpass regions being sufficiently sharply defined so as to avoid regions where the CCD detector responses spectrally overlap. This provides three discrete channels of grayscale data corresponding to the bandpass regions of the multiband filter, which can be used to calculate macular pigment topographically. Methods are also disclosed for calculating the optical density of the macular pigment and advantageously displaying the resulting data.

Abstract: An examination assembly advantageous for use with wheelchair bound patients comprises a rotatable stand which receives medical equipment, an arm assembly mounted on the stand comprising a main arm connected to the stand and an auxiliary arm operatively connected to the main arm, a table which mounts at least part of the medical equipment having a table area and an underside, and an S-bracket connecting the auxiliary arm to the table such that the auxiliary arm is remote from the table. The auxiliary arm is above the table and the S-bracket comprises a mounting flange, an underside flange and a linking flange connecting the mounting flange to the underside flange. Fasteners connect the underside flange to the table.

Abstract: A method of spectacle frame fitting over public network, such as Internet, based upon database of product information and digitized user images as acquired via devices connected to computer. Particularly, consumers can take advantage of present method to choose spectacle frames from wide variety of selections, expeditiously by the use of public computer network (Internet). Consumers may use digital cameras, network cameras or scanned photos to submit facial image, and by way of calibration steps such as the gap between two pupils aligned to the marked pupil point of the stored spectacle images, the suitable size of the spectacle frame can then be determined for best fit to the facial image. With the accessibility and availability of the Internet, just a few clicks on the mouse enable the consumers to choose spectacle frames of their preference and in a way that affords wide selections at low costs and easy access.

Abstract: An automatic self-service vision screening kiosk and method that allows individuals to screen their eyesight without assistance. The device carries out subjective and/or objective testing via an interactive video and software program that measures visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The invention is designed to provide a report with test results. The device and method may also provide a means for making referrals, scheduling appointments, ordering lenses, dispensing lenses and/or forwarding prescriptions to eye care professionals or lens manufacturers.

Abstract: A sighting device for an examination by in vivo tomography of an eye of a subject including a viewer controlled by a control system for displaying at least one moving target where the at least one moving target has at least one of a programmable shape and a programmable trajectory, and is visible by the eye of the subject during the examination period to allow the subject to fixate and follow the target with their eye.

Abstract: A disposable ophthalmic or medical apparatus has a portion with a color changeable dye disposed thereon. The dye changes color after being exposed to oxygen for a controlled and predetermined period of time indicating that the apparatus should no longer be used.

Abstract: An array of progressive ophthalmic lens elements is disclosed. The progressive ophthalmic elements contained in the array having substantially the same addition power and substantially the same optical prescription for distance vision. Each of the progressive ophthalmic lens elements has a progressive lens design characterised by a set of parameters defining a distance zone providing a refracting power for distance vision, a near zone providing a refracting power for near vision and a corridor having a refracting power varying from that of the distance zone to that of the near zone. The progressive ophthalmic lens elements provide, for a range of values or categories of at least two lifestyle and/or biometric parameters of lens wearers, different progressive lens designs in which at least two of the lens design parameters each have a respective value or characteristic attributable to, or associated with, a particular value or category of a respective one of the lifestyle and/or biometric parameters.