Abstract: A method removes brightening, which is caused by scattered light, from an image of an external environment of a vehicle captured by a vehicle camera arranged in or on the vehicle. A curve of a total intensity e.g. along a respective line within the image is determined, wherein the total intensity is caused by desired light and scattered light that reach the coverage area of the vehicle camera. An approximation function of a lower limit of the scattered light intensity is estimated. The estimated approximation function is subtracted from the determined curve of the total intensity to produce a modified image with reduced or corrected scattered light.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for high-speed non-linear spectrally encoded multi-photon imaging that are particularly suited for use in two photon fluorescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging. The system is capable of optical image compression and scale invariant digital zoom. A wavelength agile laser with digitally synthesized electro-optic modulation in a master oscillator-power amplifier configuration is combined with spectral encoding to eliminate the speed limitations of inertial scanning. The technique for fast two photon fluorescent imaging with simultaneous lifetime imaging independently detects the location, amplitude and lifetime of fluorescent emission by synthesizing a sequential excitation beam via digital electro-optic modulation of a quasi-CW swept source followed by time encoded detection. For fluorescent imaging, spectral and temporal mappings are employed separately, with quasi-CW spectral encoding used for pumping and time encoding for constructing the image at fluorescence wavelength.

Abstract: A processing system monitors and/or controls a surface modification process occurring on a substrate within a processing chamber. An optical processing module having a light emission submodule to output a generated light signal and an optical detection submodule to detect a resultant light signal, is connected via fiber optic cables to light illuminating and light receiving components located within the chamber. A processor determines an amount of atomic absorption by an atomic element encountered by a probing beam passing between the illuminating and receiving components, based on the intensity of the generated light signal, the intensity of the received light signal and optionally the spontaneous emission of the atomic element in the absence of illumination by a probing beam. Based on the determined amount, the system derives a plurality of parameters of the modified substrate, their spatial and temporal uniformity, and information about process conditions in the processing chamber.

Abstract: A sensing device allows detection of biological quantities in ways that are minimally invasive. Micrometer or nanometer sized needles allow sensing of bodily fluids in a minimally invasive method. The device comprises electronics and power harvesting. Antennas or coils allow communication and power harvesting from an external device, which can be attached to smartphones to allow operation of a camera and camera light for biosensing.

Abstract: A system for optical coherence tomography includes a source of optical radiation, an optical fiber, and a graded index fiber attached to a distal end of the optical fiber. The optical fiber and the graded index fiber are together configured to provide a common path for optical radiation reflected from a reference interface at a distal end of the graded index fiber and from a target.

Abstract: A measurement system comprises a pulsed, near-infrared array of laser diodes, the laser diode array comprising Bragg reflectors, and wherein laser diode light is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system comprising a camera is synchronized to the laser diodes, and the camera is configured to receive some of the laser diode light reflected from the tissue. The detection system is configured to non-invasively measure blood within the skin, the detection system is configured to measure absorption of hemoglobin in the wavelength range between 700 and 1300 nanometers, and the processor is configured to compare the absorption of hemoglobin between different spatial locations of tissue and over a period of time. Physiological parameters are measured by the system. The measurement system is configured to use artificial intelligence in making decisions, and the system is further configured to use regression signal processing, multivariate data analysis, or component analysis techniques.

Abstract: A measurement system comprises a pulsed laser diode array that includes one or more Bragg reflectors, and wherein the light generated by the array penetrates tissue comprising skin. At least some of the wavelengths of light are in the near infrared. The detection system is synchronized to the laser diode array and comprises an infrared camera and a first receiver comprising a plurality of detectors. The first receiver comprises one or more detector arrays and performs a time-of-flight measurement. The measurement system generates an image, the detection system non-invasively measures blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin based at least in part on near-infrared diffuse reflection from the skin, and the detection system measures absorption of hemoglobin between 700 and 1300 nanometers wavelength range. A processor compares the absorption of hemoglobin between different tissue spatial locations, and the measurement system processes the time-of-flight measurement.

Abstract: Testing apparatus operable to collect optical performance data of optoelectronic devices at different temperatures includes thermal-adjustment devices in thermal and mechanical contact with the optoelectronic devices via optoelectronic device stages. The thermal-adjustment devices can direct thermal energy to the optoelectronic devices under test without heating test targets in close proximity. Consequently, in some instances, spurious results can be avoided and rapid measurement of the optoelectronic devices different temperatures can be achieved.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided with a light source that is configured to increase signal-to-noise ratio by increasing a light intensity from at least one of a plurality of semiconductor sources. An apparatus to receive a portion of the output optical beam, and deliver an analysis output beam to a sample. A receiver to: receive and process at least a portion of the analysis output beam reflected or transmitted from the sample, generate an output signal, and synchronize to the light source. A smart phone or tablet to: receive and process at least a portion of the output signal, store and display the processed output signal, and transmit at least a portion of the processed output signal. A cloud to: receive an output status comprising the at least a portion of the processed output signal, process the received output status to generate processed data, and store the processed data.

Abstract: An optical lens assembly for generating light beams from near infrared light beams emitted by a structured light generating unit having light sources and passed through the optical lens assembly is provided. The optical lens assembly includes a first lens element, a second lens element and a third lens element arranged along an optical axis in a sequence from a light output side to a light input side. The optical lens assembly satisfies: SL/AAG?6.500, wherein SL is a distance from an optical surface of one of an optical elements closest to the light output side of the optical lens assembly to the structured light generating unit having the plurality of light sources along the optical axis, and AAG is a sum of the air gaps among all lenses having refracting power of the optical lens assembly along the optical axis.

Abstract: A nanoporous metal can be formed by projecting laser patterns using a spatial light modulator (SLM) onto a gold/silver alloy film immersed in diluted nitric acid solutions. Heat accumulation induced by the photothermal effect enables localized dealloying in dilute nitric acid. NPG micropatterns can be formed at the irradiated spots while the surrounding alloy remains intact.

Abstract: A blood measurement system comprises an array of laser diodes, to generate light to penetrate tissue comprising skin, having one or more wavelengths, including a near-infrared wavelength, and Bragg reflector(s). At least one of the laser diodes to pulse at a pulse repetition rate between 1-100 megahertz. A detection system to measure blood in veins based at least in part on near-infrared diffuse reflection from the skin, the detection system comprising a photo-detector and a lens system coupled to the photo-detector, wherein the photo-detector is coupled to analog-to-digital converter(s) and a processor, and configured to measure absorption of hemoglobin in the near-infrared wavelength between 700-1300 nanometers, differentiate between regions in the skin with and without distinct veins, and implement pattern matching and a threshold function to correlate detected blood concentrations with a library of known concentrations to determine overlap.

Abstract: An X-ray detector according to a present embodiment includes: an optical sensor array configured to generate an electric signal by receiving X-rays; a substrate including at least an element that performs A/D conversion on the electric signal; a first support plate configured to hold a separator for removing scattered radiation; and a second support plate that is formed of a material being higher in thermal conductivity than the first support plate and is provided in contact with the substrate at least in part.

Abstract: A system for non-invasively measuring a physiologic status patient tissue according to an embodiment includes a housing; an optical spectroscope with a wavelength-sensitive sensor capable of detecting light intensity, at two or more distinct wavelengths, of light scattered and/or reflected by muscle tissue of the patient in order to measure a physiologic status of the muscle tissue, a bioimpedance sensor at least partially disposed within the housing, the bioimpedance sensor configured to generate a signal corresponding to an estimation of a thickness of an adipose tissue layer between the optical spectroscope and the muscle tissue, and a processor configured to (1) receive the estimations of the thickness, (2) compare the estimations of the thickness, and (3) based on the comparison, generate a visual indication configured to assist in placement of the housing toward or at a location corresponding to the smaller or smallest thickness of the adipose tissue layer.

Abstract: A system for the collection and isolation of photons from multiple photon sources is provided that images individual photon sources onto individual optical fibers. The collected photons can then be directed to one or more photon detectors. The present invention is particularly applicable to a qubit state detection system for the detection of individual qubit states.

Abstract: The image processing system acquires a first image by causing a first photographing device to photograph a vehicle illuminated by a first light source and a second light source, wherein the second source illuminates the vehicle from a direction different from that of the first light source. The system acquires a second image by causing a second photographing device to photograph a photographing range same as that of the first photographing device through a first filter. The system acquires a third image by causing a third photographing device to photograph a photographing range same as that of the first photographing device through a second filter type of which is different from that of the first filter. The system generates a fourth image by processing on the first image, the second image and the third image.

Abstract: A hyperspectral imaging apparatus and methods for performing hyperspectral imaging of a surgical field, involving: an external optical imaging device for externally imaging internal tissue through a surgical access port, the access port having a port wall having a light-diffusing surface texture, whereby reflectance of the port wall is decreasable, and the external optical imaging device having an illuminated exoscope, the illuminated exoscope having: a longitudinal housing; an optical imaging assembly provided within the longitudinal housing; an imaging camera interfaced with the optical imaging assembly for detecting images collected by the optical imaging assembly; and one or more illumination sources supported by the longitudinal housing, wherein an illumination axis associated with each illumination source is offset from an imaging axis of the optical imaging assembly; a remote light source; a spectral filtering device in optical communication with the remote light source; and a light guide having a prox

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a measuring method and device for measuring surface defects of a cambered optical element, which belongs to the field of photoelectric detection technology. The device includes a sensor measuring head, a rotatable workpiece table, an automatic sampling device, and a spraying device. The sensor measuring head includes an illumination sub-system and a line scan imaging sub-system, the illumination sub-system provides an illumination of high uniformity and high brightness for a surface of a sample to be detected, the rotatable workpiece table and the imaging sub-system are configured for performing a ring belt scanning and a high resolution scatter imaging to the defects on an optical surface region.

Abstract: Monitoring and detection of algae in surface water and wastewater is of significant importance, yet there is currently no quick and simple method to achieve this. The present work illustrates a new method to determine the concentration of algae in water and wastewater samples using spectrophotometry, the first derivative of absorbance, and a smoothing technique applied to the first derivative of absorbance (e.g. Savitzky-Golay). The relationship between algal concentration and absorbance for three types of water samples (distilled, surface, and wastewater) was determined in the visible wavelength range, and the effect of using the first derivative of absorbance method on improving algal concentration detection limit was established. Using the first derivative of absorbance method improves algal detection limits, reduces the effect of background absorbance and the resolution of overlapping spectra.

Abstract: An optical detecting device is utilized to determine a relative position of a reference object or a light source according to an optical reflecting signal reflected from the reference object via an optical detecting signal emitted by the light source. The optical detecting device includes a light penetrating component, at least one light tight structure and an optical detecting component. A focal length of the light penetrating component is greater than a predetermined distance. The light tight structure is located on a region correlative to the light penetrating component. The optical detecting component is disposed by the light penetrating component and spaced from the light penetrating component by the predetermined distance. The optical reflecting signal is projected onto the optical detecting component through the light penetrating component to form a characteristic image via the light tight structure, and the characteristic image can be used to determine the relative position.

Abstract: Provided is a spectrum processing apparatus for removing noise, caused by a change in external environment, from a spectrum obtained by a spectrometer. The spectrum processing apparatus includes: a spectrometer configured to measure a first spectrum according to a change in external environment from a first object, and to measure a second spectrum for component analysis from a second object; and a processor configured to extract, based on the first spectrum, an eigenvector for each wavelength according to the change in external environment, and to obtain a final spectrum by correcting the second spectrum based on the extracted eigenvector for each wavelength.

Abstract: In fabrication of an integrated circuit having a layer with a plurality of conductive interconnects, a layer of a substrate is polished to provide the layer of the integrated circuit. The layer of the substrate includes conductive lines to provide the conductive interconnects. The layer of the substrate includes a closed conductive loop formed of a conductive material in a trench. A depth of the conductive material in the trench is monitored using an inductive monitoring system and a signal is generated. Monitoring includes generating a magnetic field that intermittently passes through the closed conductive loop. A sequence of values over time is extracted from the signal, the sequence of values representing the depth of the conductive material over time.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying an ensemble of segmentations to microscopy images of a tissue sample to determine if the tissue sample is representative of cancerous tissue. The ensemble of segmentations is applied to a plurality of greyscale or color microscopy images to generate a final image level segmentation and a final blob level segmentation. The final image level segmentation and final blob level segmentation are used to calculate a mean nuclear volume to determine if the tissue sample is representative of cancerous tissue.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to devices and methods configured to perform drug screening on cells. At least one embodiment relates to a lens-free device for performing drug screening on cells. The lens-free device includes a substrate having a surface. The lens-free device also includes a light source positioned to illuminate the cells, when present, on the substrate surface with a light wave. The lens-free device further includes a sensor positioned to detect an optical signal caused by illuminating the cells. The substrate surface includes a microelectrode array for sensing an electrophysiological signal from the cells.

Abstract: A fiber optic probe includes a first diffuse reflectance spectroscopy fiber, a second diffuse reflectance spectroscopy fiber, and a temperature sensor at a distal end of a temperature sensor fiber. Other embodiments further include a treatment fiber for delivering a high optical power density of light to a tumor and a dosimetry fiber for monitoring the light flux of the treatment fiber. Other embodiments utilize an image-guidance step in a method of using the fiber optic probe.

Abstract: The invention provides improved systems and methods for multiphoton microscopy including pixel clocking techniques for minimizing pixel integration time and providing consistent signal intensity with maximized imaging speeds. Various systems and method are described for optimizing laser repetition rate based on dye lifetime, combining polygonal mirror scanning and stage translation, using the laser pulse signal to time pixel collection, and minimizing laser pulses and dye usage based on signal to background ratios.

Abstract: A smart phone or tablet includes laser diodes configured to be pulsed and generate near-infrared light between 700-2500 nanometers. Lenses direct the light to a sample. A detection system includes a photodiode array with pixels coupled to CMOS transistors, and is configured to receive light reflected from the sample, to be synchronized to the light from the laser diodes, and to perform a time-of-flight measurement of a time difference between light from the laser diodes and light reflected from the sample. The detection system is configured to convert light received while the laser diodes are off into a first signal, and light received while at least one laser diodes is on, which includes light reflected from the sample, into a second signal. The smart phone or tablet is configured to difference the first signal and the second signal and to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image using the time-of-flight measurement.

Abstract: The use of a transdermal Raman spectrum to measure glucose or other substance concentration can give an inaccurate result if the Raman signals originate at a wrong skin depth. To predict whether a spectrum of Raman signals received transdermally in a confocal detector apparatus and having at least one component expected to have an intensity representing the concentration of glucose or another skin component at a point of origin of the Raman signals below the surface of the skin will accurately represent the concentration, peaks in the spectrum at 883/4 cm?1 and 894 cm?1 are measured to determine whether the Raman signals originate primarily within the stratum corneum so that the spectrum will be less likely to represent the concentration accurately or originate primarily below the stratum corneum so that the spectrum will be more likely to represent the concentration accurately.

Abstract: A remote sensing system includes an array of laser diodes configured to generate light. One or more scanners are configured to receive a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes and to direct the portion of the light from the array of laser diodes to an object. A detection system is configured to receive at least a portion of light reflected from the object and is configured to be synchronized to the at least a portion of the array of laser diodes comprising Bragg reflectors. The remote sensing system is configured to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping using at least a portion of a time-of-flight measurement. The remote sensing system is adapted to be mounted on a vehicle and communicate with a cloud. The at least a portion of the two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping is combined with global positioning system information.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter provides ready-to-administer, preferably anti-oxidant free, epinephrine compositions with improved stability, and methods for preparing the same. Contemplated compositions can be packaged using blow-fill-seal technology or packaged into flexible IV bags and maintain degradation of the epinephrine at a level of less than 5 wt % when stored over at least one months at between 2-40° C.

Abstract: A spectrally-scanned hyperspectral EO sensor trades the temporal properties of spectral information content for instantaneous situation awareness by capturing an image frame and scanning the spectral scene (wavelength) to build up spectral content. The objective optical system, preferably including a chromatic aberration enhancing device, separates spectral components of the incident radiation. A focus cell is used to adjust a relative axial focus position of the objective optical system with respect to a detector to at least two different axial focus positions to adjust the image position and read out an image frame for a spectrally-weighted component. A processor computes a relative spatial image contrast from a plurality of image frames at different wavelengths as a function of encoded focus cell position. A mechanism may be configured to move the enhancing device in and out of the optical path to form a dual gray-scale and hyperspectral EO sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device for characterization of a sample (3) comprising —a source (5) of parallel or collimated light, having an emission spectrum that is continuous over an observation wavelength range of at least 50 nm width, for illuminating the sample (3), —a detector (7) of light scattered by the sample (3), operating in said observation wavelength range, —a filter (9) for specific spectral weighting arranged on an optical path upstream of the detector (7) of the scattered light, and —a processing unit (11) for processing the measurement signal in order to extract a characterization parameter of the sample (3).

Abstract: An ATR-spectrometer has an ATR-crystal which includes a truncated conical section and two planar surfaces that are arranged in parallel to each other, an emitter configured to emit electromagnetic radiation via one of the surfaces to a lateral surface of the truncated conical section configured to reflect the electromagnetic radiation to propagate in the ATR-crystal by a plurality of reflections and to subsequently couple out of the ATR-crystal, and a detector configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation coupled out. The one of the surfaces includes an in-coupling region for coupling in the electromagnetic radiation. The in-coupling region is a projection of a circumferentially extending section of the lateral surface to the one of the surfaces. The emitter has an electromagnetic radiation emitting surface, the projection of which on the in-coupling region exceeds, seen from a center point of the one of the surfaces, an angle (?) of at least 1.5°.

Abstract: A system for inspecting a surface of a specimen includes a normal incidence phase-shifted deflectometry (PSD) sensor including an imaging sensor, a beam splitter, and an imaging optic arranged between the imaging sensor and the beam splitter. The illumination source illuminates the specimen with a light pattern and is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the specimen. The imaging sensor captures the light pattern reflected from the surface of the specimen in a sensor image. The beam splitter directs a first portion of the light from the illumination source to the optical absorber, a second portion of the light from the illumination source to the surface of the specimen, and the light pattern reflected from the surface of the specimen to the imaging sensor. A data processing apparatus in communication with the normal incidence PSD sensor determines properties of the surface of the specimen based on the sensor image.

Abstract: A universal rapid diagnostics test reader is disclosed and described herein that includes a set of control electronics, a digital camera component, an illumination component, a housing component, and a rapid diagnostics test tray, wherein the tray can hold at least one rapid diagnostics test having a shape and a size in a fixed position relative to the digital camera component and the illumination component, and wherein the reader can accommodate more than one different rapid diagnostics test.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a measurement device to measure a physiological parameter adapted to be placed on a wrist or an ear of a user. A plurality of semiconductor light sources such as light emitting diodes generate corresponding output light having an initial light intensity. A receiver includes spatially separated detectors receiving reflected light from the output lights and coupled to analog to digital converters. The receiver is configured to synchronize to the semiconductor source(s). The measurement device improves signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal by increasing light intensity relative to the initial light intensity and by increasing a pulse rate. Further improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is achieved by using change detection, where the receiver compares the signals with light on and with light off.

Abstract: Droplet-based methods of analysis. In an exemplary method, a device having a port connected to a chamber may be selected. A sample-containing fluid may be placed into the port. A pressure differential may be created that drives the sample-containing fluid from the port to the chamber and separates the sample-containing fluid into droplets. A two-dimensional monolayer of the droplets may be formed in the chamber. At least a portion of the monolayer may be imaged.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for analysing semiconductor materials as they progress along a production line, using photoluminescence images acquired using line-scanning techniques. The photoluminescence images can be analysed to obtain spatially resolved information on one or more properties of said material, such as lateral charge carrier transport, defects and the presence of cracks. In one preferred embodiment the methods and systems are used to obtain series resistance images of silicon photovoltaic cells without making electrical contact with the sample cell.

Abstract: A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer and a method of processing absorption spectra is used to measure concentrations of selected fuel gas components and calculate several fuel gas parameters, including heating value, relative density, compressibility, theoretical hydrocarbon liquid content and Wobbe index. In the described incarnation, a tunable laser diode directs near-infrared light into an optical cavity through a sample of fuel gas. A sensor measures intensity of light exiting the cavity as the laser wavelength is tuned over a specified range to construct a cavity-enhanced absorption spectrum for the fuel gas. A set of basis spectra for expected component species is used to analyze the spectrum and determine component concentrations, including methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, and other discrete and structured absorbers. Critically, a generic broadband absorption is used to model higher hydrocarbons that present themselves as nearly featureless absorption spectra.

Abstract: A medical imaging method includes imaging a target with a hyperspectral imaging system in order to obtain imaging data. There is provided a method in medical imaging. In the method, a target is imaged with a hyperspectral imaging system in order to obtain imaging data. The obtained imaging data is pre-processed by spatial and spectral averaging. A number of endmembers to be determined from the pre-processed imaging data is selected. The endmembers are extracted from the pre-processed imaging data based on vertex component analysis on the pre-processed imaging data and the selected number of endmembers, said endmembers defining an extremity of projections of the pre-processed imaging data in a subspace spanned by the endmembers. At least one abundance map is generated of the selected number of endmembers in the pre-processed imaging data using a filter vector algorithm on the extracted endmembers and the imaging data.

Abstract: System and methods may qualify plant material. A system for qualifying plant material may include an inspection zone, a support stage configured to support the plant material in the inspection zone, at least one camera configured to acquire at least one image of the plant material in the inspection zone, at least one processor configured to receive and analyze the camera image to identify a region of interest containing specific plant structures possessing active component, and at least one spectrometer configured to acquire a spectrometric measurement of the plant material in the inspection zone. The at least one processor may be further configured to facilitate a spectrometric measurement of the specific plant structures identified in the camera image, and to enable output of an indicator of a quality measure of the plant material based on the spectrometric measurement of the specific plant structures identified in the camera image.

Abstract: A bio-sensing apparatus is used to sense a biopolymer. The bio-sensing apparatus includes a sensing element, a light-transmitting element and a surface plasma resonance layer. The bio-sensing apparatus is disposed on the sensing element. The surface plasma resonance layer is disposed on the light-transmitting element, and is used to receive the biopolymer. The light-transmitting element is disposed between the surface plasma resonance layer and the sensing element.

Abstract: A smart phone or tablet includes a first part having at least one laser diode configured to be pulsed, and a second part having at least one other laser diode, the laser diodes configured to generate near-infrared light, wherein at least some of the laser diodes comprise a distributed Bragg reflector, with some laser diode light directed to tissue including skin. An array of laser diodes generates near-infrared light and includes one or more distributed Bragg reflectors. An assembly in front of the array to forms light spots on the tissue. A first receiver includes detectors that receive light reflected from the tissue. An infrared camera generates data from light reflected from the tissue. The smart phone or tablet generates a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image or mapping using the infrared camera data, and includes a wireless receiver, a wireless transmitter, a display, a voice input module, and a speaker.

Abstract: A method for internal calibration of a detector comprising using one or more hardware processors for the following actions. The method comprises an action of receiving a request for internal calibration of a detector comprising a switchable termination resistor (Dicke switch) and connecting electronically one or more internal calibration circuits to the termination resistor. The method comprises an action of applying two or more input voltage signals to the detector from the calibration circuit and measuring two or more output readings from the detector, each output reading corresponding to one of the input voltage signals. The method comprises an action of computing internal calibration coefficients based on the input voltage signals and the output readings. The method comprises an action of storing the internal calibration coefficients on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium connected to the hardware processor(s) for subsequent calibration of output values from the detector.

Abstract: Certain aspects pertain to Fourier ptychographic imaging systems, devices, and methods such as, for example, high NA Fourier ptychographic imaging systems and reflective-mode NA Fourier ptychographic imaging systems.

Abstract: Detecting threat materials used in explosives is performed by receiving a sample, and selecting an area of interest on the sample suspected of containing a threat material indicative of an explosive. Detection also includes interrogating the area of interest with a Raman laser producing a Raman spectrum, and comparing an amplitude of a first spectral region in the Raman spectrum to a first predetermined threshold. Detection further includes performing a verification, if the determination indicates that the area of interest includes the threat material, by checking the interrogated area of interest for a secondary indicator of the presence of the threat material, by comparing an amplitude of a second spectral region in the Raman spectrum, which is different from the first spectral region in the Raman spectrum, to a second predetermined threshold, and activating an indicator if the verification indicates that the area of interest contains the threat material.

Abstract: An optical emission spectrometer system includes a light source and a dichroic beam combiner. The light source emits first light in a first direction and second light in a second direction different from the first direction. The dichroic beam combiner receives the first light via a first light path and the second light via a second light path, reflects a portion the first light into an entrance aperture of a light detection and measurement apparatus, and transmits a portion of the second light into the entrance aperture, enabling analysis and measurement of both first and second light characteristics simultaneously. The portion of the first light reflected into the entrance aperture predominately has wavelengths in a first range of wavelengths and the portion of the second light transmitted into the entrance aperture predominately has wavelengths in a second range of wavelengths, different from the first range of wavelengths.

Abstract: A smart phone or tablet includes laser diodes configured to be pulsed and generate near-infrared light between 700-2500 nanometers. Lenses direct the light to a sample. A detection system includes a photodiode array with pixels coupled to CMOS transistors, and is configured to receive light reflected from the sample, to be synchronized to the light from the laser diodes, and to perform a time-of-flight measurement of a time difference between light from the laser diodes and light reflected from the sample. The detection system is configured to convert light received while the laser diodes are off into a first signal, and light received while at least one laser diodes is on, which includes light reflected from the sample, into a second signal. The smart phone or tablet is configured to difference the first signal and the second signal and to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image using the time-of-flight measurement.

Abstract: A method of implementing a self-calibrating database of spectral data includes receiving remotely-sensed spectral data for a geographic location. The method also includes accessing spectral data for a composition of materials at the geographic location from a database of spectral data for compositions of materials at respective geographic locations. The method includes calibrating the spectral data to match the remotely-sensed spectral data and thereby produce calibrated spectral data for the composition. The method includes validating the calibrated spectral data for the composition. And in an instance in which the calibrated spectral data for the composition is validated, the method includes replacing the spectral data with the calibrated spectral data to produce an enhanced database of spectral data for use in identifying materials or compositions of materials therefrom; and in at least one instance, outputting identifiers of the materials in the composition of materials.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a chemical reaction in a liquid reactor system includes a sample liquid conduit in communication with the liquid reactor system for receiving sample liquid and directing the sample liquid to an optical spectroscopy device, and a laser beam source. The optical spectroscopy device receives the laser beam from the laser source, and guides the laser beam to the sample liquid to generate an optical spectroscopy signal. A detector detects the optical spectroscopy signal and creates a detection signal responsive to the optical spectroscopy signal. A processor processes the detection signal to determine the identity and amount of at least one chemical species in the liquid. A system for continuously sampling a chemical reaction and a method for continuously monitoring and controlling a chemical reaction are also disclosed.