Abstract: A network analytics controller is established in a network. The network includes a plurality of nodes. A plurality of network analytics agents is established; each agent at a node of the network. Network analytics configuration parameters, including a network analytics scope, are received at the networks analytics controller. A task is assigned to each agent at a node determined to be within the network analytics scope, the task comprising that portion of the network analytics specified in the network analytics configuration parameters relevant to the corresponding node. The assigned task is performed at each agent assigned a task. The networks analytics controller receives the results of each performed task, and aggregates the received results.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to inspecting a data stream. Some aspects include conveying the data stream through a multi-level data channel and inspection architecture. The architecture includes a multi-level data pipeline. The pipeline includes a plurality of parallel pipes. The output of one pipe provides an input to a successive one of the pipes. The method further includes receiving the data stream at an upstream portion of the pipeline and inspecting data in the data stream for converting the data stream into inspected data. The method then outputs inspected data at a downstream portion of the pipeline. Each of the pipes inspect the data on a different level of data channel inspection than the other pipes. Each level of data channel inspection has data attributes and/or metadata extracting capabilities. Each pipe transfer data packets at greater than or equal to a threshold data transfer rate.

Abstract: A standardized connection interface between aircraft equipment and a wireless data transmission network external to the aircraft includes a router. The router includes a mapping table between a plurality of connectivity link classes and one or more connectivity links associated with each connectivity link class. The router is configured to transmit the list of active connectivity link classes to each item of equipment, to establish a transmission of data between the piece of equipment and at least one wireless data transmission network (14A to 14E) through an active connectivity link, based on the list of active connectivity link classes and a list of connectivity link classes to which the piece of equipment is authorized to connect.

Abstract: The techniques described herein enable the establishment of two simultaneous virtual private network (VPN) connections for a VPN client operating on a remote computing device. The VPN client can establish first VPN connection with a first VPN server instance of a VPN gateway and a second VPN connection with a second VPN server instance of the VPN gateway. To establish two simultaneous VPN connections, the VPN client is configured to create and/or use two Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) sockets. In one example, a first VPN connection can be a primary VPN connection and a second VPN connection can be a dormant VPN connection configured as a backup in case of a service interruption with the first VPN connection. In another example, a data flow can be split across the first and second VPN connections, or alternate between using the first and second VPN connections, based on performance parameters.

Abstract: A proxy server can be configured to manage flow between terminated transport layer connections despite incongruous network conditions. The proxy server is programmed to dynamically adjust window size of one transport layer connection in the pair of proxy terminated connections to accommodate the other connection. After detecting a network condition related to one of the connections, the proxy server determines a drain rate of the transmit buffer of the transport layer connection corresponding to the impacting network condition. The proxy server then adjusts the transport layer window size for the other connection of the connection pair based on the determined drain rate.

Abstract: A temporary EID (TEID) is generated based on an indicator of a hash algorithm, a nonce, and a hash generated using the hash algorithm. The hash is generated based on the indicator, nonce, and EID of a mobile device. The TEID is sent to the mobile network operator to identify the mobile device in lieu of using the device's EID. The TEID is stored in a data store and an eSIM profile for the mobile device is associated the TEID. The mobile device sends to an eSIM server the device's EID over a secure communications channel. The eSIM server generates a hash using the indicator and nonce contained in the stored TEID and the EID of the mobile device. The eSIM server verifies that the generated hash matches the hash contained in the TEID stored in the data store. If the hash matches, the eSIM server sends, to the mobile device, subscription credentials for accessing the mobile network in accordance with the data plan.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a transmission apparatus configured to transmit data via a plurality of communication lines, and a reception apparatus configured to receive the data from the transmission apparatus. The transmission apparatus includes processing circuitry configured to generate information regarding QoS of the plurality of communication lines. The processing circuitry is further configured to designate assignment of the data to communication lines of the plurality of communication lines on a basis of at least (i) the information regarding the QoS of the plurality of communication lines and (ii) assignment information indicating an assignment status of a data amount and a communication line transferred in the past. The transmission apparatus includes communication circuitry configured to allocate and transmit the data to the assigned communication lines of the plurality of communication lines on a basis of an instruction from the processing circuitry.

Abstract: Virtual Network Functions (VNF) applies automation and virtualization techniques to move current network functions from dedicated hardware to general purpose hardware of an Information Technology (IT) infrastructure. A VNF may include one or more Virtual Machines (VM) and virtual networks which may implement the function of a network. Systems and methods provide a processing unit, a computation module and an allocation module for VNF allocation. The computation module is configured to determine an extinction factor corresponding to a datacenter unit based on a state of the datacenter and a VNF catalogue including a plurality of VNFs. The computation module is also configured to develop an allocation model based on the determined extinction factor. The allocation module is configured to allocate a first VNF from the plurality of VNFs in the datacenter based on the allocation model.

Abstract: An interconnect as a switch module (“ICAS” module) comprising n port groups, each port group comprising n-1 interfaces, and an interconnecting network implementing a full mesh topology where each port group comprising a plurality of interfaces each connects an interface of one of the other port groups, respectively. The ICAS module may be optically or electrically implemented. According to the embodiments, the ICAS module may be used to construct a stackable switching device and a multi-unit switching device, to replace a data center fabric switch, and to build a new, high-efficient, and cost-effective data center.

Abstract: A central control device and a plurality of relay devices constitute a backbone network. Each of the relay device includes: a backbone-side communication port connected to a backbone network; a plurality of device-side communication ports configured to input and output a signal to/from an onboard device; and a first interface conversion device configured to perform interface conversion between the backbone-side communication port and the device-side communication ports. The device-side communication ports include a plurality of general-purpose communication ports to which a common input circuit and/or output circuit is connected. A predetermined first onboard device is directly connected to the general-purpose communication ports, whereas a predetermined second onboard device is connected to the general-purpose communication ports via a predetermined first onboard device.

Abstract: A disclosed method may include (1) receiving, via a physical interface of a network device, a hello packet that includes information specific to a fault-detection session established between the physical interface and an additional physical interface of a remote device via a link, (2) identifying, within the information, a plurality of statuses that correspond to a plurality of virtual interfaces partitioned on the additional physical interface of the remote device, (3) determining, based at least in part on the statuses of the virtual interfaces, that the link supporting the fault-detection session established between the physical interface and the additional physical interface has experienced at least a partial failure, and then in response to determining that the link has experienced the at least partial failure, (4) performing a remedial action to address the at least partial failure of the link. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A relay device for relaying a frame includes: communication ports respectively connected with communication lines; a receiver receiving a frame addressed to a transfer destination device connected through one communication port; a selector selecting one or more communication ports respectively connected to one or more transfer destination devices, based on connection information of the communication ports and the transfer destination devices and group information indicating whether the transfer destination devices belong to a predetermined group; and a transmitter transmitting the frame through selected communication ports.

Abstract: Disclosed are various examples for gateway onboarding for IoT device management. In one embodiment, management service data is received. The management service data includes an enterprise identifier, and a management service address that specifies a network endpoint of the management service. A gateway is registered in association with the management service data based on receiving a registration request comprising: a gateway identifier, and the enterprise identifier. An activation request with the gateway identifier is received from the gateway, and the management service data is provided to the gateway.

Abstract: A system may include multiple electronic devices and multiple hardware transceivers. The multiple electronic devices may include multiple chiplets and may be coupled to each other via an interface network. The multiple hardware transceivers may each be included in or coupled to a respective electronic device of the multiple electronic devices. The multiple hardware transceivers may each be configured to receive data packets from a source device. The data packets each include a protocol field specifying ordering information for delivery to a destination device and a path field specifying path information for routing the delivery to the destination device. The source device and the destination device may each include a chiplet. The multiple hardware transceivers may each be further configured to transmit the received data packets to the destination device using at least the ordering information of each received data packet.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media are provided for provisioning a common subnet across a number of subscribers and their respective virtual networks using dynamically generated network policies that provide isolation between the subscribers. The dynamic generation of the network policies is performed when a host (e.g. client) is detected (via a switch) as the host joins the computing network via virtual networks. This ability to configure a common subnet for all the subscriber virtual networks allows these subscribers to more easily access external shared services coming from a headquarter site while keeping the separation and segmentation of multiple subscriber virtual networks within a single subnet. This allows the Enterprise fabric to be more simple and convenient to deploy without making security compromises.

Abstract: A bus adapter comprises: an interface unit configured to be connected to a Communication Module (CM), which is intended to communicated based on a first Communication Protocol (CP) such as CAN, via a first and a second signal lines, and to transceive bit signals through the first and the second signal lines; and a link control unit, connected to a data bus of a second CP, configured to transmit data stored in an outward buffer through the data bus, and to detect data from signals being carried on the data bus. The interface unit transmits data stored in an inward buffer to the CM via the second signal line in form of a format defined by the first CP and it drives the second signal line so that a bit string appears on the second signal line when the bit string is received through the first signal line.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for performing targeted filtering of network traffic generated by user equipment (UE) devices connected to a customer premise equipment (CPE) device in a communication system that includes a distributed residential gateway. A network server may determine that the communication system includes a UE device that is compromised, misconfigured, or operating outside normal communication parameters, identify the UE device, determine an Internet protocol (IP) address or a media access control (MAC) address of the identified UE device, generate a quarantine request message that includes the IP address or the MAC address of the identified UE device in response to determining that the preconfigured virtual local area network access control list (VACL) on the CPE lists source IP addresses from which the CPE will filter outbound traffic, and send the generated quarantine request message to a bridged residential gateway (BRG) associated with the CPE device.

Abstract: A network device and a packet replication method are provided. The network device includes a classification engine, a forwarding engine, and a packet replication device. The packet replication device includes an interface circuit, a replication control circuit, and a storage unit. The interface circuit retrieves a packet of a flow from the forwarding engine and correspondingly outputs a replicated packet to the replication control circuit. The replication control circuit calculates a current rate corresponding to the replicated packet, checks a flow table for a cumulative number of replicated packets of the flow, and determines, according to the current rate and the cumulative number of replicated packets, to forward the replicated packet. The storage unit stores the flow table. The replication control circuit transmits the replicated packet to at least one application engine through at least one communication port for security inspection.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications provide for transmission of a beam switch command to a user equipment (UE) via control channel signaling. The UE may establish a connection with a base station using a first transmission beam, receive configuration information configuring the UE to select between a first decoding hypothesis corresponding to downlink control information (DCI) including a bit field including a beam switch command and a second decoding hypothesis corresponding to the DCI not including the bit field, receive a downlink control channel transmission via the first transmission beam, decode the downlink control channel transmission in accordance with the configuration information to obtain decoded DCI, and communicate with the base station based at least in part on the decoded DCI.

Abstract: A server includes a processor programmed to: acquire first metadata of a first media file recorded by a first mobile device; acquire second metadata of a second media file recorded by a second mobile device; determine that the first media file and the second medial file are likely recordings of the same event when a similarity exceeds a first threshold. The processor is further programmed to, when the first media file and the second medial file are likely recordings of the same event: determine, based on a comparison between the first media file and the second media file, which of the first media file and the second media file is a higher quality recording of the same event; and when the first media file is the higher quality recording, send a link to the first media file to the second mobile device.

Abstract: Some examples relate to managing multicast group traffic. In an example, a switch anchor controller receives a request for a multicast group from an associated network switch in a multicast-capable network. The associated network switch registers to the switch anchor controller in the multicast-capable network. In response to the request, the switch anchor controller selects a non-anchor controller in the multicast-capable network to serve the multicast group to the associated network switch. The switch anchor controller provides the information related to the non-anchor controller to the associated network switch, which in response creates a specific multicast tunnel between the associated network switch and the non-anchor controller to transfer multicast traffic related to the multicast group.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for communicating between a client device and an onboard data manager in a movable object environment. A data manager on a user device can identify an onboard data manager on a movable object. A feature list can be received from the onboard data manager, the feature list identifying at least one feature installed to the movable object. At least one input can be received by the user device, and a user device feature corresponding to the at least one input can be determined. It may be further determined that the user device feature is supported by the onboard data manager based on the feature list. In response to determining that the user device feature is supported, a first instruction corresponding to the at least one input can be sent to the movable object including the onboard data manager.

Abstract: Method of dynamically assigning storage locations starts with the processor updating first user's home location data. Processor selects communication session between first user and second user and determines second user's home location data. Processor determines a session location data that indicates current storage location that stores data of communication session received from first and second client devices. Processor identifies available data storage locations based on first user and second user's home location data and determines whether to update the session location data based on an average of a distance over network fiber using the first user and second user's home locations, current storage location, and available storage locations. In response to determining to update the session location data, processor updates session location data to indicate one of the available storage locations, and causes transfer of data of communication session to one of the available storage locations.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a system for disconnecting a link between a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) device and a host, and pertains to the field of computer technologies. The PCIe device includes an endpoint (EP) device. The method includes: obtaining, by the EP device, an error type of an error in transmitting a transaction layer packet (TLP) between the PCIe device and the host; if the error type is a correctable error type specified in the PCIe protocol, collecting, by the EP device, statistics of a duration for which the error type exists; and disconnecting, by the EP device, a link between the PCIe device and the host if the statistics of the duration reaches a preset duration.

Abstract: A one-time password (OTP) based security scheme is described, where a provider pre-generates a number of verification codes (e.g., OTP codes) which will be valid for a predetermined interval. The provider then encodes the verification codes (e.g., by hashing each code with a time value), and stores the verification codes into a data structure. The data structure can be provided to a verification system that can use the set of pre-generated OTP codes to authenticate requests received from users having personal security tokens.

Abstract: Embodiments of a device and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for automatic network service configuration involves using a packet manager of a switch in a network, receiving a packet containing dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) request information from a network device in the network, and using the packet manager of the switch in the network, obtaining routing configuration and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) configuration of the network device in response to the packet containing the DHCP request information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for test traffic generation, at test-sending switches for a network of calculation nodes, and of inspection of this test traffic, at test-receiving switches of this network, including: the generation and sending of test traffic, at least at a selected test-sending input or output port of one selected test-sending switch, sent to at least one selected test-receiving input or output port of a selected test-receiving switch, where the test traffic is generated and sent by a traffic generation component configured as an additional input of the selected test-sending input or output port, where the test traffic is inspected by a traffic inspection component configured for filtering the output of the selected test-receiving input or output port.

Abstract: Control logic circuitry stores packets in a queue in an order in which the packets are received. A head entry of the queue corresponds to an oldest packet in the order. The control logic circuitry receives flow control information corresponding to multiple target devices including at least a first target device and a second target device. The control logic circuitry determines, using the flow control information, whether the oldest packet stored in the head entry can be transferred to the first target device, and in response to determining that the oldest packet stored in the head entry cannot be transferred to the first target device, i) selects an other entry with an other packet behind the head entry according to the order, and ii) transfers the other packet to the second target device prior to transferring the oldest packet in the head entry to the first target device.

Abstract: A method for determining and providing upstream directives in real-time communication over a wireless network is performed by an RTC/RTE application running on a mobile device and an access point application running on a Wi-Fi access point. The access point application determines the values of a set of upstream Wi-Fi signal quality parameters including at least one of an upstream RSSI parameter, an upstream SNR parameter, an upstream link speed parameter, and an upstream remaining bandwidth parameter of the mobile device. Each value is compared to a set of upstream thresholds to derive an upstream Wi-Fi connection quality measure. Each set of upstream thresholds includes at least two different values. The RTC/RTE application determines an upstream directive from the upstream Wi-Fi connection quality measure, and presents the upstream directive to a user in an audio or video form.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide novel methods for facilitating a distributed SNAT (dSNAT) middlebox service operation for a first network at a host computer in the first network on which the dSNAT middlebox service operation is performed and a gateway device between the first network and a second network. The novel methods enable dSNAT that provides stateful SNAT at multiple host computers, thus avoiding the bottleneck problem associated with providing stateful SNAT at gateways and also significantly reduces the need to redirect packets received at the wrong host by using a capacity of off-the-shelf gateway devices to perform IPv6 encapsulation for IPv4 packets and assigning locally unique IPv6 addresses to each host executing a dSNAT middlebox service instance that are used by the gateway device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media can be operable to facilitate the intercept and manipulation of content requested by a client device. The methods, systems, and apparatuses described herein enable the interception and redirection of packets based upon a set of rules. Intercepted packets may be redirected away from an origin server and may be forwarded to a splicing device. The splicing device may establish a session with a corresponding origin server, and retrieve content that is requested by the intercepted packet. In embodiments, the splicing device may identify alternate content that is associated with the intercepted packet and/or content that is further associated with a device or subscriber associated with the packet. One or more segments of the requested content, or the entirety of the requested content may be replaced with the alternate content, and the modified content may be output to the client device requesting the content.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for service interruption reporting of a multicast bearer for group communications. A method is performed by a client node. The method comprises obtaining instruction from a control node of the multicast bearer, where the instruction instructs whether or not the client node is to report service interruption of the multicast bearer. The method comprises detecting service interruption of the multicast bearer. The method comprises selectively reporting the service interruption to the control node in accordance with the instruction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to techniques for facilitating communication and memory transfer between PCIe devices that permit access to an entire address space even though a limited address space is exposed and/or visible via the PCIe BAR registers. To this end, the present disclosure aims to permit memory transfer of large blocks of memory from one device to another including memory invisible to the system (i.e. not exposed via PCIe BAR registers). For example, in some embodiments, a data packet may be received at a port associated with a processor interconnect. The data packet includes a header which contains a first address associated with the port. In response to identifying the first address from the first data packet at the port, the data packet is decoded. During the decoding process, a second address is identified in a payload of the data packet.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide novel methods for facilitating a distributed SNAT (dSNAT) middlebox service operation for a first network at a host computer in the first network on which the dSNAT middlebox service operation is performed and a gateway device between the first network and a second network. The novel methods enable dSNAT that provides stateful SNAT at multiple host computers, thus avoiding the bottleneck problem associated with providing stateful SNAT at gateways and also significantly reduces the need to redirect packets received at the wrong host by using a capacity of off-the-shelf gateway devices to perform IPv6 encapsulation for IPv4 packets and assigning locally unique IPv6 addresses to each host executing a dSNAT middlebox service instance that are used by the gateway device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described for simulating a network. Interrogations directed to hosts in the simulated network may be received. For some interrogations, data objects may be instantiated to simulate the interrogated hosts by, e.g., providing responses to low-level network commands. One or more characteristics of a simulated host may be determined randomly or pseudo-randomly.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide a method for CLAT Aware Affinity (CAA)-based scheduling by a user equipment (UE) (100) comprising a multi-core processor (120). The method includes a CAA scheduler (180) at the user equipment (100) receiving a packet and determining a path characteristic of the packet. Further, the method includes the CAA scheduler (180) determining, at least one of a IPv4 connection and a IPv6 connection based the path characteristic of the packet; and establishing a connection to at least one of an IPv4 server and an IPv6 server based on the determined at least one of the IPv4 connection and the IPv6 connection. Further, the method includes the CAA scheduler (180) classifying the packet into at least one class and scheduling the packet on at least one core of the multi-core processor (120) based on the at least one class.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for instantiating both a private network service (PrNS) gateway virtual network function (VNF) and a public network service (PuNS) gateway VNF for a user equipment (UE) device that is associated with a PrNS and communicatively attached a public WiFi network allow users to access the same set of feature-rich network services (including layer 2 services) when connected through a public hotspot WiFi network as when connected through a home or local area network WiFi network.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for performing a security operation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving a client signal in an optical transport network. In the transmission method, a received client signal is mapped into a variable-rate container OTU-N, wherein a rate of the OTU-N is N times as high as a preset reference rate; and then, the variable-rate container OTU-N is split into N optical stab-channel transport units OTUsubs by column, where a rate of each OTUsub equals to the reference rate; next, the N optical sub-channel transport units OTUsubs are modulated onto one or more optical carriers; at last, the one or more optical carriers is transmitted through a fiber.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for generating a plurality of cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) message segments at a first layer based on an upper layer message at a second layer, wherein each message segment of the plurality CV2X message segments includes a message block of a plurality of message blocks and a redundant block of a plurality of redundant blocks, transmitting the plurality of message blocks to a receiving UE, and transmitting the plurality of redundant blocks to the receiving UE after transmitting the plurality of message blocks.

Abstract: Method of dynamically assigning storage locations starts with the processor updating first user's home location data. Processor selects communication session between first user and second user and determines second user's home location data. Processor determines a session location data that indicates current storage location that stores data of communication session received from first and second client devices. Processor identifies available data storage locations based on first user and second user's home location data and determines whether to update the session location data based on an average of a distance over network fiber using the first user and second user's home locations, current storage location, and available storage locations. In response to determining to update the session location data, processor updates session location data to indicate one of the available storage locations, and causes transfer of data of communication session to one of the available storage locations.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for processing a network request. The method comprises: activating a domain name server proxy based on local socket service in a preset application; in accordance with a determination that the preset application invokes a preset connect function, acquiring the preset connect function and replacing a destination file path in the preset connect function with a target file path corresponding to the domain name server proxy to establish a connection between the preset application and the domain name server proxy, wherein the target file path is pre-written in the preset application; receiving via the domain name server proxy a network request from the preset application, and parsing a domain name of the network request, and determining a first processing way of the network request based on a result of the parsing of the domain name.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, and computer-readable media for assuring tenant forwarding in a network environment. Network assurance can be determined in layer 1, layer 2 and layer 3 of the networked environment including, internal-internal (e.g., inter-fabric) forwarding and internal-external (e.g., outside the fabric) forwarding in the networked environment. The network assurance can be performed using logical configurations, software configurations and/or hardware configurations.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described for virtualizing routing of network traffic by offloading routing decisions to a controller in communication with a plurality of network devices. For load balancing applications, the controller may make up-front decisions as to both destination and route, rather than wait until traffic has been routed to a load balancing point before determining the destination.

Abstract: A cell site gateway comprises a first interface, a second interface, and a third interface. The first interface is configured to communicate with a cellular base station. The second interface is configured to communicate with a network gateway. The third interface is configured to receive, from a control server, control information for a forwarding layer and comprising a first label and a second label. The forwarding layer is configured to: remove the first label from first packets received from the network gateway via the second interface; attach the second label to second packets received from the cellular base station; and transmit the second packets to the network gateway via the second interface.

Abstract: An audio data communication method and a wireless audio system are disclosed. The audio data communication method is performed by dual-channel wireless audio equipment that includes a primary audio device, a secondary audio device, and a communication link with an audio source device. The method includes transmitting, by the source device, audio data in a preset time interval to the primary and secondary audio devices. The primary and secondary audio devices generate first feedback information and second feedback information. The first and second feedback information are transmitted to the audio source device based on a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance protocol. The disclosed techniques address issues such as information interaction between the primary and secondary audio devices during transmission of the feedback information.

Abstract: Described herein are memory controllers for integrated circuits that implement network-on-chip (NoC) to provide access to memory to couple processing cores of the integrated circuit to a memory device. The NoC may be dedicated to service the memory controller and may include one or more routers to facilitate management of the access to the memory controller.

Abstract: A processing system comprises a control bus and a plurality of logic units. The control bus is configurable by configuration data to form signal routes in a control barrier network coupled to processing units in an array of processing units. The plurality of logic units has inputs and outputs connected to the control bus and to the array of processing units. A logic unit in the plurality of logic units is operatively coupled to a processing unit in the array of processing units and is configurable by the configuration data to consume source tokens and a status signal from the processing unit on the inputs and to produce barrier tokens and an enable signal on the outputs based on the source tokens and the status signal on the inputs.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing files of variable sizes based on device and/or network conditions are described herein. A computer device may convert a file into a first modified file that includes content of the file and a second modified file that includes the content of the file. The first modified file may have a first file size and be associated with a first bandwidth range. The second modified file may have a second file size different from the first file size and be associated with a second bandwidth range different from the first bandwidth range. Based on a bandwidth available to a user device, the first modified file or the second modified file may be provided for download by the user device.

Abstract: Implementations generally relate to data transmission in networks. In some implementations, a method includes receiving a first management protocol message from a first edge device, where the first management protocol message includes first edge device information associated with the first edge device, receiver device information associated with a receiver device, and a request by the receiver device to receive multicast data. The method also includes receiving a second management protocol message from a second edge device, where the second management protocol message includes second edge device information associated with the second edge device and sender device information associated with a sender device. The method also includes enabling unicast communication between the sender device and the receiver device based on the first management protocol message and the second management protocol message.