Abstract: Metadata may be embedded in a service chain header (SCH) appended to a packet that is forwarded over a service chain path. The metadata may include information that is used to process the packet at a downstream service function chain (SFC) entity on the service chain path. The metadata TLV field may identify a service action to be performed by a downstream SFC entity. For example, the metadata TLV field may instruct the downstream SFC entity to drop the packet, to redirect the packet (or a traffic flow associated with the packet), to mirror a traffic flow, to terminate a communication connection, to start or stop a packet accounting, and/or to apply a higher grade of service. Alternatively, the metadata TLV field specifies an OAM service action list that identifies service actions that have been performed on the packet.

Abstract: A device of a data testing environment including a node configured to connect the device to a tester; one or more processors configured to receive from the node an electrical signal alternating between at least a first state and a second state, the first state representing a data transmission trigger and the second state representing a data transmission opportunity; determine a timing of the data transmission opportunity based on the received electrical signal; and send data to the node during the data transmission opportunity in response to receiving the data transmission trigger.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for processing headers that support multiple protocols. A header of a packet includes a bridge type (BTYPE) field that indicates the protocol of the packet. A command field of the packet is interpreted differently based on the value of the BTYPE field. Among the benefits of implementations of the present disclosure is that a single network may be used to carry packets of different protocols without the overhead of encapsulation.

Abstract: A system and corresponding method isolate work within a virtualized scheduler using tag-spaces. The system comprises a tag-space resource configured to store at least one respective assignment of at least one scheduling group to a given tag-space. The given tag-space defines a given ordering-atomicity domain that isolates, within the virtualized scheduler, (i) work belonging to the at least one scheduling group from (ii) work belonging to at least one other scheduling group, assigned, in the tag-space resource, to a respective tag-space different from the given tag-space. The system further comprises a work scheduler that schedules, for processing, work belonging to the at least one scheduling group and work belonging to the at least one other scheduling group. Such scheduling may have independent ordering and atomicity effectuated therebetween by the given ordering-atomicity domain. Such independency of ordering and atomicity improves quality-of-service of the virtualized scheduler.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for distributed data stream programming and processing. The techniques include sending a request indicating one or more regions of a program code to access a stream in a stream pool and to execute on a processing node in a processing nodes pool. The techniques also include accessing the stream defined in the one or more regions of the program code to service the request. Thereafter, the processing node is selected to use for execution of the one or more regions of the program code and the processing node executes one or more instances of the one or more regions of the program code.

Abstract: In a routing table of a first system, a routing table entry for a first application is created by a controller application executing in a controller system, the first application intended for relocation, a second application in the set of applications not intended for relocation. At the second system responsive to commencing execution of the first application in the second system at a second time, a mapping entry is created by a controller application, the mapping entry causing the forwarded packet to be delivered to the first application at the second system. Responsive to a notification that the first application is executing in the second system, the routing table entry of the first system is modified by the controller application, the modified entry causing a packet addressed to the first application to be forwarded from the first system to the second system.

Abstract: Implementations are provided herein for encoding and transmitting streaming data from a client application to a server for storage without prior knowledge of the size of the streaming data. A header can be sent that includes a batch size chunk size. Raw streaming data can be packaged into the chunk. Chunks can be packaged and sent at any time prior to filling up with streaming data, by padding the chunk and including a footer that delineates the amount of raw stream data in the chunk. Chunks that are full can have a footer that delineates the entire chunk is raw stream data. It can be appreciated that you do not need to buffer data on the client side as chunks do not need to be full to send. Latency on processing streaming data can also be reduced by limited or eliminated buffering.

Abstract: This application provides a packet processing method, which helps resolve a problem that a network node between a user terminal and a DHCP server is relatively complex. In the method, a network node of an access network receives a first packet sent by a user terminal, where the first packet is used to request an Internet Protocol IP address from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server and the network node obtains a second packet, where the second packet includes the first packet, information about a port, and a Media Access Control MAC address of the user terminal, the port is a port through which the network node receives the first packet, and the second packet is a packet except a DHCP packet. Additionally the network node sends the second packet to a controller.

Abstract: Adjusting a network path between a user equipment and a network edge cloud instance is disclosed. The adjustment of the network path can be based on performance of the network path. The performance of the network path can be ranked, based on performance, against other network paths. In an embodiment, the other network paths can be between the user equipment and the network edge cloud instance. Additionally, the other network paths can be between the user equipment and another network edge cloud instance that can be located remotely from the network edge cloud instance. In an embodiment, a recommendation can be provided to a cloud service provider to enable the cloud service provider to adjust a characteristic of an application or service performed by a network edge cloud instance. The disclosed subject matter can provide advantages over conventional cloud instances that are typically supported on a device located distant from a network device operated by a network provider.

Abstract: A method includes a first provider edge (PE) device sending, to a second PE device, a media access control (MAC) route learned from a customer edge (CE) device and a virtual local area network (VLAN) identifier, wherein the second PE device generates a MAC forwarding entry based on the MAC route and the VLAN identifier, where the MAC forwarding entry is used to directly forward, using the CE device, a packet whose destination MAC address is the CE device or a MAC address of a terminal device accessing the CE device. An outbound interface identifier included in the MAC forwarding entry is an identifier of an interface connected to the CE device.

Abstract: A method performed by a user plane, UP. The method includes determining whether a redirect message should be sent to a user equipment, UE, that has transmitted a first message intended for a first server, wherein the determining comprises: i) receiving a message transmitted by the first server and determining, based on the message, whether a redirect message should be sent to the UE or ii) detecting a timeout with respect to the first server; and, as a result of determining that redirect message should be sent to the UE, sending to the UE the redirect message, wherein the redirect message is configured to cause the UE to send a second message to a second server.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for obtaining an Internet protocol header replacement mapping, which belong to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: obtaining, by a network node, fixed IP header information which is bound to a UE, where the network node is an MME or an eNB or a PGW or an SGW; establishing an IP header replacement mapping according to the fixed IP header information, where the IP header replacement mapping is correspondence between the fixed IP header information and an index or a bearer; and performing data transmission with the UE according to the IP header replacement mapping. In the present invention, the network node establishes the IP header replacement mapping according to the obtained fixed IP header information which is bound to the UE, the method is more flexible.

Abstract: Provided is a process including: obtaining, with a network controls engine, network traffic, wherein: the network traffic is sent across the network between source computing devices and destination computing devices; at least one of the source or destination computing devices are on a network carrying the network traffic; and the network has a plurality of computing devices causing the network traffic and which are assigned addresses on the network; applying, with the network controls engine, a plurality of rules to the network traffic to identify rules with criteria satisfied by the network traffic; and causing, with the network controls engine, one or more actions prescribed by one or more identified rules with criteria satisfied by the network traffic.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of communications technologies. This application discloses a method, an apparatus, a network device, and a system for releasing an IP (Internet protocol) address, to resolve a problem that a time at which the IP address is released is not precise. The method includes: determining, by the first network device, that a PDU session anchor needs to be relocated from a first user plane function entity, where the first user plane function entity is the PDU session anchor of a first PDU session of a terminal; determining, by the first network device, that a first IP address of the terminal is no longer used, where the first IP address is an IP address used by the terminal in the first PDU session; and releasing, by the first network device, the first IP address.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method and apparatus for intelligent wireless protocol optimization including receiving, by a processor, a request from a first media access controller to transmit a first data signal, transmitting, by the processor, a ready to send packet to the second media access controller in response to the second media access controller being currently transmitting a second data signal, transmitting the first data signal by the first media access controller, transmitting a clear to send packet by the second media access controller to the second media access controller in response to the transmitting of the first data signal by the first media access controller, and continuing transmission of the second data signal in response to a completion of the transmission of the first data signal by the first media controller.

Abstract: To allow the multiple communication endpoints that support different protocols to communicate, a protocol specific message (e.g., a SIP INVITE message) is converted to a protocol neutral message and sent to a protocol neutral bus. The bus delivers this message to a session processing engine, which then applies one or more rules to the protocol neutral request for the first communication session message. The rules are used to apply communication application logic to the first communication session message, then generate a first offer for a communication session message. This message is published to the protocol neutral bus. One or more edge servers supporting one or more protocols may receive that first offer message. The protocol neutral message is converted, by each edge server recipient of that message, to a protocol specific message (e.g., in a different protocol) and is then sent to one or more communication endpoints.

Abstract: A video display apparatus includes a wireless communicator which receives a video stream from a tuner apparatus via wireless communication, a display which displays a video based on the video stream, an HDMI (registered trademark) connector connected to a source apparatus via an HDMI (registered trademark) cable, and a changer which changes a signal output from an HPD terminal to the source apparatus to a level Lo when the signal output from the HPD terminal is at a level Hi and the video based on the video stream is displayed on the display.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of wireless communications include, at a receiving node, receiving timing information corresponding to a traffic class identifier. The timing information being associated with a time interval for communicating data of a traffic class corresponding to the traffic class identifier. Aspects include receiving traffic data pertaining to the traffic class, determining that the traffic data was transmitted or is received outside the time interval, and then buffering the traffic data. Additionally, aspects include forwarding the traffic data in response to a next occurrence of the time interval. A transmitting node may be configured with complimentary functions.

Abstract: A system on a chip (SoC) includes a security processor configured to determine that a first channel ID describing a {source, destination} tuple for a crypto packet matches a second channel ID describing a corresponding {source, destination} tuple for a preceding crypto packet received immediately prior to the crypto packet. The SoC also includes a decryption engine configured to, responsive to the determination that the first channel ID matches the second channel ID: obtain a set of round keys applied to perform an add round key computational stage of a previous decryption datapath used to decrypt a preceding cipher text block obtained from the preceding crypto packet, and to reuse the set of round keys to perform a corresponding add round key computational stage of a current decryption datapath used to decrypt a cipher text block obtained from the crypto packet.

Abstract: Autonomous vehicles and techniques that can be utilized to compress point cloud data and operate on compressed point cloud data are provided. An autonomous vehicle can include a data compression system can configure point cloud data according to a collection of three-dimensional (3D) tiles representative of the region. Each 3D tile can include a portion of the cloud point data, where each point vector in the portion of the cloud point data can be configured relative to a position vector of the 3D tile defined in a coordinate system of the collection of 3D tiles. The data compression system can utilize a fixed-point Q-format representation based on a defined number of bits to compress at least a portion of the point cloud data. The autonomous vehicle also can include a control system that can operate mathematically on compressed point cloud data, without reliance on prior decompression.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for forwarding a packet in a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network are provided. Based on an example of the method, a Provider Edge (PE) device assigns a private network application identifier to a received Internet Protocol (IP) packet and sends a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) packet that is generated based on the IP packet and carries the private network application identifier in an extension label. In this way, when receiving the MPLS packet, a Provider (P) device may identify the private network application to which the MPLS packet belongs based on the private network application identifier in the extension tag.

Abstract: Virtual machine environments are provided in the switches that form a network, with the virtual machines executing network services previously performed by dedicated appliances. The virtual machines can be executed on a single multi-core processor in combination with normal switch functions or on dedicated services processor boards. Packet processors analyze incoming packets and add a services tag containing services entries to any packets. Each switch reviews the services tag and performs any network services resident on that switch. This allows services to be deployed at the optimal locations in the network. The network services may be deployed by use of drag and drop operations. A topology view is presented, along with network services that may be deployed. Services may be selected and dragged to a single switch or multiple switches. The management tool deploys the network services software, with virtual machines being instantiated on the switches as needed.

Abstract: The technology described herein helps improve email security within a multi-tenant email service. In particular, the technology described herein helps make it more difficult for a first tenant of the email service to impersonate a second tenant of the email service by validating the sending domain before the email leaves the multi-tenant email service. In particular, the technology runs a sending-side source validation on an email. If the source validation fails, the email is still sent, but using a source IP address that will cause the email to fail a receiving-side email authentication tests, such as the sender policy framework (SPF) email authentication test. In contrast, if the source validation passes, the email is sent using a source IP address that will cause the email to pass the receiving-side email authentication tests.

Abstract: Systems and methods to accomplish a power control system in a MANET are described herein. To reduce detectability of the MANET, the controller 310 can reduce transmit power at individual links while operating the link's modulation and coding data rate and data queue backlog at levels that are sufficient to meet the user's offered load.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supporting a single logical IP subnet across multiple independent layer 2 subnets in a high performance computing environment. A method can provide, at a computer including one or more microprocessors, a logical device, the logical device being addressed by a layer 3 address, wherein the logical device comprises a plurality of network adapters, each of the network adapters comprising a physical port, and a plurality of switches. The method can arrange the plurality of switches into a plurality of discrete layer 2 subnets. The method can provide a mapping table at the logical device.

Abstract: A data rate management system that provides quality of service at the fine granularity of applications in the home network and home automation environment is provided. An application can be associated with a dynamic traffic flow, a physical port, a logical interface, or a host computer or device. Virtual queueing is applied to isolate and protect individual applications. Comprehensive rate management algorithms are developed to offer the bandwidth guarantee for the applications individually. The data rate management system includes a traffic classifier, virtual queueing, and a rate manager. The traffic classifier can statically or dynamically identify an application. The identified application is stored in a dedicated virtual queue. The rate manager schedules the packet transmission among virtual queues using the application-based traffic profiles.

Abstract: Dynamic segmentation of network traffic through the use of Pre-Shared Keys (PSKs). Each defined network segment uses a different pre-shared key and a message authentication code (MAC)-signing algorithm to sign data packets with segment-specific MACs. As such, only those computer hosts/nodes that are in the network segment (i.e., have been assigned the same pre-shared key for generating and decoding the MAC signed data packets) are capable or reading the segment's network traffic. By implementing segment-specific MAC signed data packets, the present invention allows for confidential data transmission absent the need to encrypt the actual contents/data being transmitted.

Abstract: At least a packet header of a packet received by a network device is provided to a programmable header alteration engine that includes a hardware input processor implemented in hardware and a programmable header alteration processor configured to execute computer readable instructions stored in a program memory. The hardware input processor determines whether the packet header is to be provided to a processing path coupled to the programmable header alteration processor or to be diverted to a bypass path that bypasses the programmable header alteration processor, and the packet header is provided to the processing path or to the bypass path based on the determination. The packet header is selectively i) processed by the programmable header alteration processor when the packet header is provided to the processing path and ii) not processed by the programmable header alteration processor when the packet header is provided to the bypass path.

Abstract: A computing or storage system constructs a table in memory, and constructs a summary table that summarizes the table. The summary table is for determining whether there is likely an entry for a value in the table. The summary table has buckets pointed to by address fields of values. The first bucket in the summary table is split into a second bucket and a third bucket. Prior to the split, the first bucket is pointed to by a first address field of a first value. After the split, the second bucket and the third bucket are pointed to by the first address field plus one extra bit derived from a remainder of the first value.

Abstract: An ultra-high speed electronic communications device includes: a network communications interface; a memory; and one or more processing units, communicatively coupled to the memory and the network communications interface, wherein the memory stores instructions configured to cause the one or more processing units to: receive a data packet using the network communications interface; determine a classification of the data packet based, at least in part, on a plurality of factors, wherein the plurality of factors comprises a rate at which the data packet was received and a time at which the data packet was received; select, based at least in part, on the classification, an operation from a plurality of operations, wherein the plurality of operations comprises a cut-through operation and a store-and-forward operation; and perform the selected operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling the speed of a vehicle, the method comprising: determining a speed limit; determining an offset value based on (i) the speed limit, and (ii) a speed map, the speed map comprising a plurality of entries, each entry associating one of the offset values with a respective speed limit; and setting the speed of the vehicle according to the speed limit and the determined offset value.

Abstract: A reception apparatus includes a demodulation circuit configured to demodulate packets obtained with respect to each of multiple PLPs included in a broadcast signal; and a processing circuit configured to process the packets demodulated by the demodulation circuit. The demodulation circuit and the processing circuit are connected with each other via a single interface or interfaces fewer than the number of the PLPs. The demodulation circuit adds identification information to a specific packet among the packets obtained with respect to each of the PLP, the identification information identifying the PLP to which each of the packets belongs. The processing circuit identifies the PLP to which belongs each of the packets input from the demodulation circuit via the single interface or the interfaces fewer than the number of the PLPs, based on the identification information obtained from the specific packet.

Abstract: Techniques are described for facilitating flow symmetry using a scalable service platform that anchors the service chain. The scalable service platform may facilitate flow symmetry and, at least in some cases, flow stickiness for a first packet flow (a “forward packet flow”) and a second, related packet flow (a “reverse packet flow”) both traversing the service chain in the forward and reverse directions, respectively. For example, a virtualized computing infrastructure may deploy a scalable service platform to perform load balancing of multiple forward packet flows, received from the gateway, among multiple parallel service instances for an ingress service in a service chain. For each corresponding reverse packet flows for the multiple forward packet flows, the scalable service platform load balances the reverse packet flow to the service instance for the egress service in the service chain that is applied to the corresponding forward packet flow.

Abstract: A media stream sending method, apparatus, and system for providing a live media stream for a client that enters a live broadcast room includes a proxy server that receives a first live broadcast room request message and a second live broadcast room request message that are sent by a same proxy client; the proxy server receives a first live media stream that is sent by a media server to a first client and a second live media stream that is sent by the media server to a second client; and when determining that a role of the first client is a master user, and that a role of the second client is a slave user, the proxy server sends only the first live media stream to the proxy client such that the proxy client sends the first live media stream to the first client and the second client.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for automatically controlling network routing between downstream side and upstream side of a communication network to enforce symmetric routing. According to one embodiment, a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SDWAN) controller of a network device associated with a spoke site of an SDWAN manages links forming the SDWAN. The controller receives information regarding route maps, including a preferred route-map and an un-preferred route-map. Further, the controller configures a local BGP daemon with the route maps to exchange routing information including a BGP attribute with the BGP peers and selects a link on which network traffic is to be transmitted. The controller causes the BGP daemon to (i) use the preferred route-map to advertise the routing information to the BGP peer associated with the selected link, and (ii) use the un-preferred route-map to advertise the routing information to a remainder of the BGP peers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for isolating applications associated with multiple tenants within a computing platform receive a request from a client associated with a tenant for running an application on a computing platform. Hosts connected to the platform are associated with a network address and configured to run applications associated with multiple tenants. A host is identified based at least in part on the request. One or more broadcast domain(s) including the identified hosts are generated. The broadcast domains are isolated in the network at a data link layer. A unique tenant identification number corresponding to the tenant is assigned to the broadcast domains. In response to launching the application on the host: the unique tenant identification number is assigned to the launched application and is added to the network address of the host; and the network address of the host is sent to the client associated with the tenant.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein relate to a method for performing dead peer detection (DPD) by a local gateway. The method includes periodically examining one or more array elements of a timestamp array. The method further includes, for each of the examined one or more array elements, determining whether a corresponding idle timeout threshold is met. The method further includes, upon determining that the corresponding idle timeout threshold is not met, refraining from causing a notification to be transmitted to a peer gateway. The method also includes, upon determining that the corresponding idle timeout threshold is met, causing a notification to be transmitted to the peer gateway to determine whether the peer gateway is responsive with respect to a tunnel associated with the examined array element.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, devices, systems and methods of channel switching. For example, an apparatus may include logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication station to transmit a power save mode indication to an Access Point (AP) over a first wireless communication channel; to wait over the first wireless communication channel for a waiting period subsequent to transmission of the power save mode indication; to switch to a second wireless communication channel after the waiting period; and to adjust a duration of the waiting period based on reception of one or more frames from the AP during the waiting period.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to authenticity and data security for bus-based communication networks in a vehicle. The present disclosure teaches a protocol frame, a sender on data link layer, and a receiver on data link layer providing such authenticity and data security as well as a communication network in a vehicle employing the protocol frame, the sender and the receiver according to the present disclosure.

Abstract: An example network device includes memory configured to store packet data and processor circuitry coupled to the memory. The processing circuitry is configured to determine that a first host device has moved from a first access network of an Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) associated with the first PE router to a second access network of the EVPN, wherein the first host device is interested in receiving traffic of a first multicast group. The processing circuitry is configured to determine whether any other host device on the first access network of the network device is interested in receiving traffic of the first multicast group. Based on no other host device on the first access network of the network device being interested in receiving multicast traffic of the first multicast group, the processing circuitry is configured to delete state associated with the first multicast group.

Abstract: A rule for transferring data over a communication network is changed for each communication apparatus without spending time and cost. In a communication system in which a plurality of communication apparatuses are connected to a network, at least one of the plurality of communication apparatuses includes rule storage means for storing a plurality of transfer rules for transferring data over the network, transfer means for transferring data incoming over the network in accordance with one of the plurality of transfer rules, and rule switching means for switching one transfer rule to another transfer rule when the communication apparatus receives a notification from the outside.

Abstract: A network node adapted to forward incoming data packets, the network node including a tag identifying unit, adapted to identify a tag of an incoming data packet as a replicate tag; a tag look-up module, adapted to retrieve from a tag table a number of replications and destinations for the replicate tag; a replicating engine, configured to replicate the incoming data packet according to the number of replications, thereby generating replicated data packets; and a forwarding unit, adapted to forward the replicated data packets to the destinations.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a network device includes an interface configured to receive a data packet including a header section, at least one parser to parse the data of the header section yielding a first header portion and a second header portion, a packet processing engine to fetch a first match-and-action table, match a first index having a corresponding first steering action entry in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first header portion, compute a cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion and the second header portion responsively to the first steering action entry, fetch a second match-and-action table responsively to the first steering action entry, match a second index having a corresponding second steering action entry in the second match-and-action table responsively to the cumulative lookup value, and steering the packet responsively to the second steering action entry.

Abstract: A method of establishing, by a communication management platform, a communication from a first communication device intended for a second communication device. When the platform sends a message to the first device that contains a call identifier dedicated to the communication to be established, the platform intercepts a call from the first device to the dedicated call identifier, then routes the call to the main call identifier of the second device, by using a secondary call identifier of the first device that the platform has previously assigned thereto. When the platform sends a message to the first device indicating the absence of a dedicated call identifier, the first device triggers a call to the main identifier of the second device, by using the main call identifier of the first device.

Abstract: Techniques for lossless transport stream compression from constant bitrate to variable bitrate to constant bitrate are described. An exemplary method includes generating elementary stream data from an encoder; receiving the generated elementary stream data in a packetizer; generating a transport stream output in the packetizer; and in a statmux, for consecutive NULL packets generated by the packetizer, counting a number of NULL packets between non-null packets and dropping those NULL packets, modifying a next packet to indicate the number of NULL packets dropped using a field in the next packet, and sending the next packet to a receiver.

Abstract: To handle network traffic, a Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) node receives, from a Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) network node, packet inspection control data that maps a specific service to an identifier. The DPI node identifies that a data packet pertains to the specific service. The identifying comprises performing DPI on at least a data section of the data packet. The DPI node notifies the PCRF network node that the DPI node received the data packet and that the data packet pertains to the specific service. The DPI node marks the data packet with the identifier in accordance with the packet inspection control data received from the PCRF network node.

Abstract: A VPN tunnel interface is instantiated within a router based on a tunnel network namespace. One or more virtual peers corresponding to the VPN tunnel interface and one or more virtual ethernet interfaces corresponding to the one or more virtual peers are instantiated. The tunnel network namespace is configured to route, based on a source address, network traffic from a specified client device to a specified virtual peer of the one or more virtual peers via the VPN tunnel interface. A connection is established between a client device and a VPN process of the router and a traffic flow is transported to and from the client device through a VPN tunnel via the VPN tunnel interface, the one or more virtual peers, and the one or more virtual ethernet interfaces.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for configuring an edge computing device to implement a logical router belonging to a logical network. The method configures a datapath executing on the edge computing device to use a first routing table associated with the logical router for processing data messages routed to the logical router. The method configures a routing protocol application executing on the edge computing device to (i) use the first routing table for exchanging routes with a network external to the logical network and (ii) use a second routing table for exchanging routes with other edge computing devices that implement the logical router.

Abstract: A privacy-enhancing wireless communication method for use by a transmitting wireless device having a first location, the method comprising: obtaining a frame preamble using a transceiver device at a location, wherein the frame preamble includes a predetermined pattern and wherein movement information corresponding to the location is detectable based on channel state information of the transceiver device in accordance with the pre-determined pattern; modifying the predetermined pattern of the frame preamble to include amplitude or phase distortion; and masking the movement information by transmitting, using the transceiver device, a frame including the frame preamble with the modified predetermined pattern.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for improving endpoint detection of a voice query submitted by a user. In some implementations, a synchronized video data and audio data is received. A sequence of frames of the video data that includes images corresponding to lip movement on a face is determined. The audio data is endpointed based on first audio data that corresponds to a first frame of the sequence of frames and second audio data that corresponds to a last frame of the sequence of frames. A transcription of the endpointed audio data is generated by an automated speech recognizer. The generated transcription is then provided for output.