Abstract: A fault detection method of LACP packet timeout provided including: receiving a LACP packet from a target port of the partner device through a local port, the LACP packet at least includes a phase identifier to indicate a negotiation phase of a LACP negotiation process between the target port and the local port; sending a response LACP packet corresponding to the LACP packet to the target port through the local port; generating a LACP service processing entry for the LACP packet to indicate a LACP service processing phase performed by the actor device for the LACP packet; in response to that no LACP packet from the target port being received through the local port continues for a preset waiting time, performing fault detection based on the phase identifier and the LACP service processing entry so to obtain fault cause information to indicate a LACP packet timeout of the target port.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for preempting an uplink resource allocation. One apparatus includes a processor and a transceiver that receives a first allocation of uplink resources in a mobile communication network and receives a second allocation of uplink resources. Here, the second allocation at least partially overlaps in time with the first allocation and the second allocation is received at a later time than the first allocation. The processor determines whether the second allocation is associated with higher priority traffic than the first allocation and preempts the first allocation to generate a TB according to the second allocation in response to the second allocation being associated with higher priority traffic than the first allocation.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining network data. The data includes a first portion of the network data obtained from a first network device of at least two network devices, and a second portion of the network data obtained from a second network device of the at least two network devices. The method also includes obtaining, using the network data, enhanced network data that indicates a presence of a network flaw of the network, the network flaw is not indicated by either of the first portion or the second portion in isolation from the other portion. The method further includes performing a network enhancement action set using the enhanced network data to remediate the network flaw.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a general purpose graphics processor comprising a plurality of tiles, each tile of the plurality of tiles comprising at least one execution unit, a local cache, and a cache control unit, and a high bandwidth memory communicatively coupled to the plurality of tiles, wherein the high bandwidth memory is shared between the plurality of tiles. The cache control unit is to implement a partial write management protocol to receive a partial write operation directed to a cache line in the local cache, the partial write operation comprising write data, write the data associated with the partial write operation to the local cache when the cache line is in a modified state, and forward the write data associated with the partial write operation to the high bandwidth memory when the partial write operation triggers a cache miss or when the cache line is in an exclusive state or a shared state. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for accessing time series data. The method according to the present disclosure comprises: acquiring time series query information; determining corresponding time offset information based on the time series query information, the time offset information including hour information, minute information, and offset information; finding a leaf node in a time tree corresponding to the time offset information based on the time offset information; and querying in the leaf node based on the offset information, to acquire corresponding time series data. Advantages of the present disclosure lie in possessing a lower complexity and improving query efficiency of the time series data. In addition, the memory is less occupied, and out-of-order writing is supported.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for reducing the size of packet headers without reducing the range of packet lengths supported. A packet header includes a fixed-width length field. Using a linear encoding, the maximum packet size is a linear function of the fixed-width length field. Thus, to expand the range of sizes available, either the granularity of the field must be decreased (e.g., by changing the measure of the field from flits to double-flits) or the size of the field must be increased (e.g., by changing the size of the field from 4 bits to 5 bits). However, by using a non-linear encoding, the difference between the minimum and maximum size can be increased without decreasing the granularity within a first range of field values and without increasing the size of the length field.

Abstract: Various arrangements are presented for relaying a secure streaming media communication session. A media relay server system may receive from a streaming media client via the Internet a first request for the secure streaming media communication session. A secure streaming media communication session may be established between a private streaming media server and the media relay server system. The media relay server system may establish a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) communication service between the media relay server system and the private streaming media server via the Internet. The media relay server system may route, via the Internet, encrypted media packets from the private streaming media server to the streaming media client without the encrypted media packets being decrypted by the media relay server system.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a benchmarking engine automatically tests a data store to assess functionality and/or performance of the data store. The benchmarking engine generates data store operations based on dynamically adjustable configuration data. As the benchmarking engine generates the data store operations, the data store operations execute on the data store. In a complementary fashion, as the data store operations execute on the data store, the benchmarking engine generates statistics based on the results of the executed data store operations. Advantageously, because the benchmarking engine adjusts the number and/or type of data store operations that the benchmarking engine generates based on any changes to the configuration data, the workload that executes on the data store may be fine-tuned as the benchmarking engine executes.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide novel methods for performing services for machines operating in one or more datacenters. For instance, for a group of related guest machines (e.g., a group of tenant machines), some embodiments define two different forwarding planes: (1) a guest forwarding plane and (2) a service forwarding plane. The guest forwarding plane connects to the machines in the group and performs L2 and/or L3 forwarding for these machines. The service forwarding plane (1) connects to the service nodes that perform services on data messages sent to and from these machines, and (2) forwards these data messages to the service nodes. In some embodiments, the guest machines do not connect directly with the service forwarding plane. For instance, in some embodiments, each forwarding plane connects to a machine or service node through a port that receives data messages from, or supplies data messages to, the machine or service node.

Abstract: In illustrative embodiments, an information processing method, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium are provided. The method includes: if it is determined that a predetermined indicator is detected in a header of a received packet, acquiring information for indicating a source port, a destination port, a forwarding indicator, a process identifier, and a maximum number of processes of the packet from the header; updating a port forwarding table based on the source port, the destination port, and the forwarding indicator; performing a user-defined action on the packet to obtain a result packet; and if it is determined that a quantity of process identifiers reaches the maximum number of processes, determining one or more forwarding ports for the result packet based on the maximum number of processes, the forwarding indicator, and the updated port forwarding table, to forward the result packet to the one or more forwarding ports.

Abstract: Method enabling an application server to acknowledge, with a single acknowledgement frame, a set of frames sent by endpoints in a group of endpoints to said application server. Each endpoint in said group communicates with the application server via a gateway and a centralising server. The application server is connected to the centralising server via a first communication network. The centralising server is connected to each gateway by a second communication network. The group of endpoints and each gateway form a LoRa network, each communication between an endpoint in said group and a gateway using the LoRaWAN protocol.

Abstract: A trusted content usage monitor for monitoring content usage is provided. A unique identifier generation unit generates a unique identifier indicative of content being rendered and a packet generator generates a trusted packet comprising the unique identifier. The trusted packet is trust signed by the trusted content usage monitor, so that it can be trusted by its recipient. The trusted content usage monitor has at least one mode of operation in which content rendering cannot be decoupled from operation of the unique identifier generation unit, so that generated packets can be trusted as truly indicative of content usage.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus (1_1) according to the present invention includes a first transmission unit (11_1) that transmits a first optical transmission signal (21_1), a second transmission unit (11_2) that transmits a second optical transmission signal (21_2), and an output unit that outputs, when the first optical transmission signal (21_1) and the second optical transmission signal (21_2) share a set of information, both the first optical transmission signal (21_1) and the second optical transmission signal (21_2) to a first path (26_1) and outputs, when the first optical transmission signal (21_1) and the second optical transmission signal (21_2) do not share the set of information, one of the first optical transmission signal (21_1) and the second optical transmission signal (21_2) to a second path (26_2).

Abstract: A unitary solid state drive (SSD) assembly includes a non-volatile memory (NVM), and a processor communicatively coupled to the NVM. The processor is configured to implement a communication protocol configured for accessing solid state memories over a communication network. The unitary SSD assembly also includes a network interface device communicatively coupled to the processor, and network connector coupled to the network interface device. The network interface device is configured to communicate via a network fabric according to a network communication protocol. The NVM, the processor, and the network interface device are arranged in a unitary assembly.

Abstract: In multicast management, topology information identifying multicast distribution paths is maintained at a router serving as a root of a multicast distribution tree and/or as a first hop router. The router can detect congestion or failures based on messages from other routers. The router can request another router to change the multicast distribution paths as needed to load-balance the traffic, avoid congestion or failure, or eliminate duplicate traffic. In some embodiments, ECMP Redirect functionality is expanded to ECMP paths of arbitrary number of hops. Other features are also provided.

Abstract: A dynamic provisioning system includes a computer-executed portal that controls a router to, when a request message is received over a broadcast virtual local area network (VLAN), control the router to establish a dedicated VLAN between the customer communication device and the portal over a dedicated VLAN. The dedicated connection directing communication traffic from the customer computing device to the portal while inhibiting other communication traffic from the customer computing device. The portal also generates a user interface at the customer computing device using the dedicated connection in which the user interface to receive unique identifying information from the customer computing device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device obtains characteristics of a first anomaly detection model executed by a first distributed learning agent in a network. The device receives a query from a second distributed learning agent in the network that requests identification of a similar anomaly detection to that of a second anomaly detection model executed by the second distributed learning agent. The device identifies, after receiving the query from the second distributed learning agent, the first anomaly detection model as being similar to that of the second anomaly detection model, based on the characteristics of the first anomaly detection model. The device causes the first anomaly detection model to be sent to the second distributed learning agent for execution.

Abstract: The techniques herein provide for enhanced overlay network-based transport of traffic, such as IPsec traffic, e.g., to and from customer branch office locations, facilitated through the use of the Internet-based overlay routing infrastructure. This disclosure describes a method of providing integrity protection for traffic on the overlay network.

Abstract: A media stream sending method, apparatus, and system for providing a live media stream for a client that enters a live broadcast room includes a proxy server that receives a first live broadcast room request message and a second live broadcast room request message that are sent by a same proxy client; the proxy server receives a first live media stream that is sent by a media server to a first client and a second live media stream that is sent by the media server to a second client; and when determining that a role of the first client is a master user, and that a role of the second client is a slave user, the proxy server sends only the first live media stream to the proxy client such that the proxy client sends the first live media stream to the first client and the second client.

Abstract: Radix trees and other trees use memory inefficiently when storing key-value associations with ‘or’ conditions. Their function can be optimized by using multiple key field trees, each corresponding to a key field, which is typically a character (or group thereof) in a string input key. The tree for the final key field has nodes with the output values, and these are annotated to identify, for each output value, the valid key field values from prior key fields. To execute a lookup, each key field tree is traversed to find a matching key field value. The final key field tree is traversed to reach one or more output values; then the previously determined key field values are compared against the valid key field values to determine if there is a match for a particular output value. The matched and valid key field values can be expressed in encoded form.

Abstract: Packets in a data communications network are encapsulated by an encapsulation module on a sending computer and decapsulated on the receiver computer, the transmission of data packets being controlled by credit sent by the receiving computer. When overloaded, network switches trim the payload from packets; trimmed packets inform the receiving computer of the demands of the sending computer.

Abstract: A machine, such as a router (or other network appliance capable of filtering incoming packets), determines whether a packet is from a location that is likely to be capable of establishing an acceptable connection quality. If it is determined that an acceptable connection quality is unlikely to be obtained, the machine blocks the packet so that the connection is not established. If it is determined that the acceptable connection quality is likely to be obtained, the packet is received and the connection is allowed. As a consequence of blocking packets from locations that are expected to have a poor connection, connections are not established with servers that will provide poor service and a poor user experience.

Abstract: This application discloses a method and an apparatus for obtaining an identifier of a terminal device. The method is performed by a gateway node and includes: receiving a first message sent by a terminal device, and sending a second message to a control plane node, where both the first message and the second message carry a temporary identifier of the terminal device; receiving a third message sent by the control plane node, where the third message is sent by the control plane node when the control plane node cannot obtain a permanent identifier of the terminal device; sending a fourth message to the terminal device based on the third message; receiving a fifth message sent by the terminal device, where the fifth message carries the permanent identifier of the terminal device; and sending the permanent identifier to the control plane node based on the fifth message.

Abstract: Provided are a provider edge (PE) device and a method for Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN). A first PE device performs label assignment procedure with a second PE device such that the first and second PE devices share an Ethernet segment identifier (ESI)-excluded label and know a correspondence between the ESI-excluded label and a label combination of an ESI label and a VPN label. The first PE device encapsulates a packet of broadcast, unknown unicast or multicast (BUM) traffic, with the ESI-excluded label instead of the label combination. The first PE device sends the encapsulated packet to the second PE device.

Abstract: Method for operating a network (10), wherein the network (10) comprises at least one outer network (12) having at least one network device (14) and at least one inner network (13) having at least one network device (15), wherein additionally a transmission unit (16) is present that blocks a transmission of data from the outer network (12) to the inner network (13) and allows it in the opposite direction (or vice versa), characterised in that the transmission unit (16) permits a transmission of data only from the inner network (13) to the outer network (12) and the at least one network device (15) sends data from the inner network (13) to the transmission unit (16) with a first address, wherein the transmission unit (16) converts this first address into a second address and thereafter the data are transmitted with this second address in the direction of the outer network (12), the second address being a target address for the at least one network device in the outer network (12).

Abstract: A wireless device is provided that determines a set of expected packets from a second wireless device, each expected packet of the set of expected packets comprising an expected cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of a set of expected CRCs, receives a packet from the second wireless device, the received packet comprising a header and a first CRC, determines whether a second CRC generated based on the header in the received packet matches the first CRC received in the received packet, determines, when the generated second CRC does not match the first CRC received in the received packet, a third CRC of the set of expected CRCs based on the first CRC, and replaces the received header with a header corresponding to the determined third CRC.

Abstract: A method for operating a roadside network unit is provided, which includes: ascertaining useful data for transmission to at least one further roadside network unit; providing the useful data for transmission on a sidelink channel in a licensed frequency range and/or for transmission on an ad hoc channel in an unlicensed frequency range; and transmitting the useful data on the sidelink channel in the licensed frequency range and/or on the ad hoc channel in the unlicensed frequency range.

Abstract: A method of routing a packet in a network is described. The network includes a plurality of nodes implementing Information Centric Networking (ICN) routing or content centric networking and routing. The method includes receiving the packet at a node implementing ICN routing, the packet comprising an Internet Protocol (IP) header and a packet payload, wherein the packet comprises a request packet for requesting content from the network. The method further includes extracting from the packet payload a content identifier for the requested content and forwarding the packet to a next hop node in the network based on the content identifier extracted from the packet payload.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving an ISIS hello message including an attestation token from a second network apparatus, determining that the attestation token is valid for the second network apparatus at a current time, establishing an adjacency to the second network apparatus in response to the determination, computing, based at least on the attestation token, a trust level for a first link from the first network apparatus to the second network apparatus and a trust level for first prefixes associated with the first link, and sending an LSP comprising the trust level for the first link and the trust level for the first prefixes to neighboring network apparatuses, where the trust level for the first link and the trust level for the prefixes are used by the network apparatuses in the network to compute a routing table of the network.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless communication device may receive at least one bit indicating a particular set of control symbols, of a plurality of sets of control symbols, comprising a downlink control region identify a location of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), associated with a data channel, based at least in part on the at least one bit indicating the particular set of control symbols comprising the downlink control region; and communicate on the data channel based at least in part on the DMRS. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes a plurality of first host machines implementing a public-cloud computing environment, wherein at least one of the first host machines comprises at least one public-cloud virtual machine (VM) that performs network address translation; and a plurality of second host machines implementing a private-cloud computing environment, wherein at least one of the second host machines comprises one or more private-cloud virtual machines, wherein the public-cloud VM is configured to receive, via a network tunnel from the private-cloud VM, one or more first packets to be sent to a public Internet Protocol (IP) address of a public network host, translate, using a NAT mapping, a source address of each first packet from a private IP address of the private-cloud VM to an IP address of the public-cloud VM, and send the first packet to the IP address of the public-cloud VM.

Abstract: Devices and techniques for secure transmission of content over third-party networks are provided. Keys are established for secure transport of content between a source and recipient via a third party. The source generates a content package that includes an encrypted payload, and a payload handler. In some instances, the content package may also include user interface code for obtaining a secret from the recipient. The content package may be signed (e.g., the message content hashed and the result of the hash added to the content package). The content package is transmitted over a connection to a content delivery service for delivery to recipient(s) via another connection. The content delivery service receives the package and forwards the package to recipient(s) without decrypting the payload. A recipient receives the package from the content delivery service, validates the package and decrypts the payload. The payload may be presented to a display application.

Abstract: Techniques that provide proactive and intelligent packet capturing are described herein. In one embodiment, a method includes storing information associated with a plurality of user equipment (UE) sessions of a plurality of UEs within a mobile network; detecting an anomaly associated with at least one UE session of at least one UE based, at least in part, on the information stored for the at least one UE session; and activating a trace for the at least one UE session based, at least in part, on detecting the anomaly associated with the at least one UE session, wherein activating the trace comprises capturing packet information for a data packet flow associated with the at least one UE session at one or more data-path network elements of a plurality of data-path network elements within the mobile network.

Abstract: Stimulation of a sensor array, by edges comprising a feature pattern, optical characters or moving edge(s), emits pulses that converge at nodes in serial arrays, which reemit rapidly if input pulses are in temporal synchrony. The repetitive pulses traverse the serial arrays without encoding image features in a temporal data stream that decodes as an image frame. This dimensional reduction of serial arrays reemits convergent one-dimensional (1D) pulses in greater numbers when stimulus feature patterns match sensor or node topographical patterns, thereby serially extracting context, optical flow and inference. Reemitted 1D pulses rapidly identify and locate looming targets without repetitive feedback.

Abstract: A method for routing traffic between a source node and a destination node in a network comprises: identifying a first group level at which a source group vector and a destination group vector differ; obtaining one or more first route segments between a first source group and a first destination group at the first group level; computing an end-to-end route between the source node and the destination node based on at least the one or more first route segments; and routing traffic between the source node and the destination node on the end-to-end route.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided to collect and update data on client devices connected to WiFi access points is provided. An inventory of WiFi cable modems and WiFi access points coupled to the WiFi cabled modems within a specific network is periodically collected. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of WiFi cable modems and WiFi access points coupled to the WiFi cabled modems are periodically updated. Traps are periodically received from the WiFi access points. The traps are parsed to collect an inventory of client devices wirelessly connected to the WiFi access points and a time at which a client device connected to the WiFi access point. The WiFi access points are periodically polled to collect data on client devices, the data including a period of time that a client device has been connected to a WiFi access point and a physical location of the client device.

Abstract: Each switch unit in a networking system shares its local state information among other switch units in the networking system, collectively referred to as the shared forwarding state. Each switch unit creates a respective set of output queues that correspond to ports on other switch unites based on the shared forwarding state. A received packet on an ingress switch unit operating in accordance with a first routing protocol instance can be enqueued on an output queue in the ingress switch; the packet is subsequently processed by the egress switch unit, operating in accordance with a second routing protocol instance that corresponds to the output queue.

Abstract: A packet sending method includes obtaining, by a client device, an Internet Protocol (IP) anycast address of the anycast server cluster and an IP unicast address of the target server, generating, by the client device, an IP detection packet, where the IP detection packet is used to detect whether the target server is reachable based on the IP anycast address, and the IP detection packet includes the IP anycast address and the IP unicast address of the target server, and instructs the target server to replace the IP unicast address of the target server with the IP anycast address, and sending, by the client device, the IP detection packet to the target server.

Abstract: A server computer sets a priority order of each of contents based on an attribute of each of the contents designated by HTML data and provides the HTML data including the priority order with a client computer. The client computer acquires the contents from the server computer by using streams with priorities depending on the priority order of each of the contents designated by the HTML data provided from the server computer. The client computer controls display using a part of the contents and caches other contents from among the acquired contents.

Abstract: A method including receiving a request for a visual object pertaining to a body portion of a first user from a second user is provided. The method includes sending a request to a messaging platform for a history of prior requests by the second user for any visual objects pertaining to at least one body portion of a body of another user. The method further includes displaying to the first user a modified history of any prior requests for visual objects by the second user that were flagged by any of the group of users as belonging to a community-specific category of requests for visual objects pertaining to body portions of respective bodies of other users. The method further includes sending a selected message from a set of pre-configured messages to the messaging platform for transmission of the selected message to the second user.

Abstract: A method of discovering a device in a communication network having multiple interconnected nodes includes continuously monitoring, by a device to be discovered, any IP packets sent by a discoverer. The method further includes transmitting, by the discoverer, an IP packet destined for a downstream device and receiving, by the device to be discovered, the IP packet. The method further includes determining, by the device to be discovered, whether the IP packet is intended for the device to be discovered. If the IP packet is not intended for the device to be discovered, retransmitting, by the device to be discovered, the IP packet to the downstream device via an egress port of the device to be discovered.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for managing flow tables at a switch in a network. The method includes establishing a static rule to distribute a first flow to a first server and a second flow to a second server and monitoring a first load on the first server and a second load on a second server. When, based on the monitoring, the first server is running at capacity and the third flow is to be distributed to the first server according to the static rule, the method includes establishing an exception to the static rule to yield an exception rule, distributing the third flow to a third server with capacity according to the exception rule and storing a flow table for the third flow at a switch, wherein the switch does not store a static rule flow table for the static rule.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for playing a wagering game where the objective is to predict a second segment in a sequence of visual narrative segments presented in a series comprising a first segment and a second segment, where each visual narrative segment in the series shows one or more events depicted in visual form as a video, film, or animation.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus and method of performing wireless communication. The electronic apparatus includes: a communication circuit configured to perform wireless communication with a relay apparatus; and a processor configured to: identify a plurality of relay apparatuses connectable with the communication circuit, the plurality of relay apparatuses communicating in a plurality of frequency bands, the plurality of frequency bands being different from one another, identify a first relay apparatus having a frequency band, in which a transmission performance is relatively higher than a second relay apparatus, among the plurality of identified relay apparatuses, and perform the wireless communication with the identified first relay apparatus.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for on-network device identification. A user device may make an application programming interface (API) call to an address associated with a network device. The API call may comprise an indication of an address associated with the user device. Based on the API call, the network device may send an indication of the address to a computing device associated with an on-network service. The computing device associated with the on-network service may determine that the user device is authorized to connect to a network or to access an on-network service.

Abstract: A method for generating configuration data for configuring a hardware switch is described. The method receives a description of functionality for the hardware switch. Based on the description, the method generates sets of match and action entries to configure the hardware switch to process packets. The method then determines, for each packet header field in a parse graph that specifies instructions for a parser of the switch to extract packet header fields from packets, whether the packet header field is used or modified by at least one match or action entry. The method generates for the parser of the hardware switch configuration data that instructs the parser to extract (i) packet header fields used or modified by at least one match or action entry to a first set of registers and (ii) packet header fields not used by any match or action entries to a second set of registers.

Abstract: A first optical network device groups a plurality of FlexO instance frames into one group, where each of the plurality of FlexO instance frames carries one OTU signal; then, performs multiplexing on the plurality of FlexO instance frames grouped into one group, to generate one first FlexO frame; next, performing scrambling and FEC processing on the first FlexO frame to generate one second FlexO frame and send it to a second optical network device. If a rate of the FlexO instance frame is 100 Gbps and two FlexO instance frames are grouped into one group, the 200 G optical module can be used in the transmission method.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for addressing and/or accounting for path failures (e.g., congestion, link failures, disconnections, or other types of failures) within a network environment. In one example, this disclosure describes a method that includes receiving, by a node connected to a plurality of interconnected nodes, a network packet to be forwarded to a destination node; identifying, by a forwarding plane within the node, a first link along a path to the destination node; determining, by the forwarding plane, that the first link is inoperable; storing, by the node and within the network packet, data identifying the node as having been visited; identifying, by the forwarding plane and from among the plurality of egress links from the node, a second link that is operable and is along an alternative path to the destination node; and transmitting the network packet over the second link.

Abstract: An apparatus receives an upper layer packet that includes data from a source device, a virtual private network (VPN) identification, a destination address, and a destination option type. The apparatus authenticates the upper layer packet by comparing the VPN identification of the received upper layer packet to a customer VPN identification. The apparatus determines whether the apparatus recognizes the destination option type of the upper layer packet. The apparatus discards the upper layer packet on a condition that the apparatus does not recognize the destination option type. The apparatus decapsulates the upper layer packet into a lower layer packet and transmits the decapsulated packet to a destination on a condition that the apparatus recognizes the destination option type.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a computer-implemented system and method for transmitting data from a first node to a second node of a source-selected path routing network. In said system and method according to the present invention, a first data packet is received at the first node, wherein said data packet was sent from a source node according to next-hop routing. Subsequently, at least part of the data contained in the data packet is transmitted from the first node to the second node according to source-selected path routing. Finally, the data received at the second node is transmitted to a destination node according to next-hop routing.