Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for determining at least one optical characteristic of a substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer. Once the optical characteristic is determined, at least one parameter in a processing chamber may be controlled for improving the process. For example, in one embodiment, the reflectivity of one surface of the substrate may first be determined at or near ambient temperature. From this information, the reflectance and/or emittance of the wafer during high temperature processing may be accurately estimated. The emittance can be used to correct temperature measurements using a pyrometer during wafer processing. In addition to making more accurate temperature measurements, the optical characteristics of the substrate can also be used to better optimize the heating cycle.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for determining variable thickness of a coating on a surface of a substrate using in part a flash-lamp source, capable of generating a thermal pulse at the coating surface, and a image capture and processing device capable of capture sequential image frames of the coating surface, whereas each sequential image frame corresponds to an elapsed time and comprises a pixel array, and wherein each pixel of the array corresponds to a location on the coating surface. A method of calculating coating thickness is also provided.

Abstract: Methods for detection of heat-related symptoms can include use of a thermal sensor to obtain thermal data. Subsets of the thermal data can correspond with multiple subjects. The subsets can be compared to determine whether any of the subjects is a thermal outlier relative to the remaining subjects.

Abstract: A method for non-destructive testing of open hollow components for tightness supplies a gas under pressure into the component and cools the component in a punctiform manner. Detecting a leak out of the component using a thermographic camera and using a computer connected downstream of the thermographic camera to visualise the leak, follows. The precise location of each leak is thus detected.

Abstract: An inspection system, in particular, a sewer inspection system is provided, comprising a temperature measurement device, whereby the temperature measurement device is a pyrometer for contact-free measurement of a surface temperature of an object, in particular, a pipe wall. Advantageously, the pyrometer is configured as an infra-red temperature sensor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for wafer temperature measurement and calibration of temperature measurement devices may be based on determining the absorption of a layer in a semiconductor wafer. The absorption may be determined by directing light towards the wafer and measuring light reflected from the wafer from below the surface upon which the incident light impinges. Calibration wafers and measurement systems may be arranged and configured so that light reflected at predetermined angles to the wafer surface is measured and other light is not. Measurements may also be based on evaluating the degree of contrast in an image of a pattern in or on the wafer. Other measurements may utilize a determination of an optical path length within the wafer alongside a temperature determination based on reflected or transmitted light.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a non-contact thermometer includes a square-angled waveguide.

Abstract: A gas turbine component (49) may be instrumented to provide a plurality of signals indicative of thermal measurements in a high temperature combustion environment of the gas turbine. A thermocouple arrangement may include a first thermocouple leg (50) disposed within a thickness of the component. At least two or more thermocouple legs (52, 53, 54) is each electrically connected to the first leg to form individual thermocouple junctions (56, 57, 58, 59) along the first leg for conversion of respective thermal gradients to respective electrical signals, such as electromotive force (emf) based voltages. The thermocouple arrangement may be used in combination with a thermographic system (70) to calculate heat flux over a region of the turbine component.

Abstract: This present invention discloses a detachable probe cover for an ear thermometer and a manufacturing method thereof. The detachable probe cover for the ear thermometer is for being mounted onto a measuring probe of the ear thermometer, wherein a combining mechanism is provided at a bottom of the measuring probe and the detachable probe cover comprises a main body of a hollow structure and a base, in which the main body has an open end and a closed end opposite to the open end, and the hollow structure has a diameter gradually reducing from the open end toward the closed end.

Abstract: A method for measuring the temperature of an electrical conductor, the method comprising (a) providing a clamp comprising a flexible, thermally conductive material in thermal contact with the electrical conductor, wherein the clamp has an outer surface of a known emissivity value, or a coating of a known emissivity value is disposed on the outer surface of the clamp and (b) measuring the infrared (IR) temperature of the clamp to determine the temperature of the electrical conductor.

Abstract: A system for operating a gas turbine includes a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. The combustor and turbine define a hot gas path. A sensor disposed outside the hot gas path measures internal thermal emissions from the combustor or turbine and generates a first signal reflective of the internal thermal emissions. The internal thermal emissions are infrared or ultraviolet emissions. A controller connected to the sensor receives the first signal and adjusts the compressor, combustor, or turbine in response to the first signal from the sensor. A method for operating a gas turbine includes measuring internal thermal emissions from inside a combustor or turbine using a sensor disposed outside the hot gas path. The method further includes generating a first signal reflective of the internal thermal emissions and adjusting the operation of the compressor, combustor, or turbine in response to the first signal from the sensor.

Abstract: A device is provided with a measurement window, which is provided in a heat treat furnace and which permits direct visual observation of a surface to be measured of a heat-treated workpiece, and a temperature sensor, which is provided outside the measurement window and which is capable of carrying out noncontact measurement of the surface temperature of the surface to be measured through the measurement window. The temperature sensor has a measurement wavelength range in which the absorptivity by water is low (e.g., 1.95 ?m to 2.5 ?m). Further, the measurement window is composed of a window material having a high transmittance in the measurement wavelength range (e.g., germanium).

Abstract: Disclosed are a temperature sensor device using a thermopile, the total number n of thermocouples thereon can be increased without greatly increasing the internal resistance of the thermopile r, providing high output level and high S/N ratio, a highly sensitive radiation thermometer using the device, and production method of the device using organic material for thin films to form the thermopile. These provide a standardized inexpensive multi-layered thin film thermopile, a radiation thermometer with high sensitivity, and production method of these devices. The temperature sensor device is a device wherein a thermopile which is formed on a thin film thermally isolated from a substrate is place in a temperature sensing part, and the thin film is formed as a multi-layered thin film, a layered thermopile is formed on each layered thin film, the substrate functioning as a heat sink which is one junction of the reference temperature of the thermopile.

Abstract: A method for dissolved gas analysis is presented. The method includes the steps of irradiating a fluid with electromagnetic radiation; and determining a concentration of a gas as a function of a temperature change of the fluid in response to the irradiation. A device for such an analysis of dissolved gases in a fluid, and a system having such device are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus determines cooling characteristics of an operational cooling device used for transferring heat from an electronic device. The operational cooling device is thermally coupled to a heat pipe. The heat pipe has an exposed surface for selective application of heat thereon. Heat from a localized heat source is selectively applied to at least one region of the exposed surface. The heat source is preferably capable of being varied both positionally relative to the exposed surface and in heat intensity. A heat shield is preferably positioned around the exposed surface of the heat pipe to isolate the operational cooling device from the heat from the localized heat source. A temperature detector repeatedly measures a temperature distribution across the exposed surface while the cooling device is in a heat transfer mode. The temperature distribution is then used to thermally characterize the operational cooling device.

Abstract: Methods are provided for monitoring water temperature using light reflected therefrom, where measurement of reflected light can be obtained from satellite imagery. Such methods include determining a temperature of a body of water by obtaining a measurement of thermal radiation from at least a portion of the body of water. The temperature of at least the portion of the body of water is then determined from the thermal radiation measurement by applying an algorithm relating the measurement to the temperature. The determined temperature can be output in various ways, including as numerical data and as graphical data, such as a temperature map of the body of water.

Abstract: A system includes a radiation detector array configured to direct a field of view toward multiple conduits within a fluid flow path from a turbine into a heat exchanger. The radiation detector array is configured to output a signal indicative of a multi-dimensional temperature profile of the fluid flow path based on thermal radiation emitted by the conduits. The system also includes a controller communicatively coupled to the radiation detector array. The controller is configured to determine a temperature variation across the fluid flow path based on the signal, and to compare the temperature variation to a threshold value.

Abstract: Provided is a lightweight infrared sensor that detects a temperature at a portion spaced apart from a circuit substrate with high accuracy, and is installed on the circuit substrate easily and stably. The infrared sensor includes an insulating film; a first and a second heat sensitive elements are disposed on one surface of the insulating film separately; a first conductive film on the insulating film that is connected to the first heat sensitive element; a second conductive film connected to the second heat sensitive element; an infrared reflection film on the other surface of the insulating film so as to face the second heat sensitive element; a plurality of terminal electrodes formed on one end of the insulating film and fitted into an external connector; an edge reinforcing plate adhered to one end of one surface of the insulating film; and a mounting hole that is formed on the other end.

Abstract: An electronic thermometer includes a probe adapted to be heated by a subject for use in measuring a temperature of the subject. At least one temperature sensor detects a temperature of the probe. An IR emitter emits an infrared signal from the probe. And an IR detector detects the infrared signal emitted by the IR emitter. The detection of the IR signal by the IR detector indicates that the probe is received in a probe cover.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a non-contact thermometer and a contact-thermometer are operably coupled to a microprocessor, a battery and a display device in one housing.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a digital thermometer is operably coupled to at least one printed circuit board, yielding a sensed temperature and a color display device is operably coupled to the at least one printed circuit board, wherein the color display device activates pixels in at least two colors, the colors being in accordance with the sensed temperature.

Abstract: A device for detecting infrared radiation emanating from a subject while not in physical contact with the subject is disclosed. The device includes a handle, a yoke having at least two yoke arms, which define a well there-between, and an infrared radiation sensor. The infrared radiation sensor is located in the well and oriented to receive the infrared radiation.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a space to determine at least one change in state related to at least one activity includes analyzing an amount of water vapor in the air over time and relating a change in the amount of water vapor in the air over time to the at least one change in state. In a number of embodiments, the at least one change in state is related to a kitchen activity which causes a change in the amount of water vapor in the air. Changes in dew point over time may, for example, are determined. In a number of embodiments, changes in dew point over time are determined by measuring temperature and relative humidity over time and determining dew point from measured temperature and measured relative humidity. Changes in dew point over time may, for example, used to identify or distinguish the activity from a plurality of possible activities associated with the change in state.

Abstract: A radiation thermometer utilizing an off-focus telecentric lens arrangement in chemical vapor deposition reactors. An object assembly of one or more optical components is positioned at a distance equal to its focal length from an aperture stop. The aperture stop is dimensioned so that the chief rays are substantially parallel with the optical axis of the object assembly, and so that the rays that pass through the aperture stop define a narrow solid angle about the chief rays. The off-focus telecentric arrangement thus configured is focused at infinity, but is utilized to capture radiation from a relatively proximate target (e.g., within a couple meters) that is out of focus. The capture of collimated radiation from the target diminishes the contribution of stray radiation, particularly with targets having a highly specular surface.

Abstract: A vehicle tire monitoring system including a tire and wheel assembly. The tire and wheel assembly may include a wheel having a rim portion including an inside surface; a tire including a tire carcass having an inner surface and an outer surface with a tire tread over a radially outer portion of the outer surface, and with the inner surface and the inside surface of the rim portion forming a cavity in which pressurized air is sealed; and a tire sensor assembly mounted on the inside surface of the rim portion in the cavity and including an infrared sensor and a wireless transmitter operatively engaging the infrared sensor, with the infrared sensor oriented to detect a temperature on the inner surface of the tire carcass at a location opposite to a portion of the tire tread.

Abstract: A method of in-situ temperature measurement for a wafer treatment reactor such as a chemical vapor deposition reactor desirably includes the steps of heating the reactor until the reactor reaches a wafer treatment temperature and rotating a wafer support element within the reactor about a rotational axis. The method desirably further includes, while the wafer support element is rotating about the rotational axis, obtaining first operating temperature measurements using a first operating pyrometer that receives radiation from a first portion of the wafer support element, and obtaining first wafer temperature measurements using a wafer temperature measurement device that receives radiation from at least one wafer, the wafer temperature measurement device located at a first position.

Abstract: An assembly determines an analyte concentration in a sample of body fluid. The assembly includes a test sensor having a fluid-receiving area for receiving a sample of body fluid, where the fluid-receiving area contains a reagent that produces a measurable reaction with an analyte in the sample. The assembly also includes a meter having a port or opening configured to receive the test sensor; a measurement system configured to determine a measurement of the reaction between the reagent and the analyte; and a temperature-measuring system configured to determine a measurement of the test-sensor temperature when the test sensor is received into the opening. The meter determines a concentration of the analyte in the sample according to the measurement of the reaction and the measurement of the test-sensor temperature.

Abstract: A device for thermal analysis. This device includes at least one thermoanalytical measurement device and at least one infrared spectrometer, wherein the infrared spectrometer is fully integrated into the thermoanalytical measurement device. The thermoanalytical measurement device and the at least one infrared spectrometer are connected to one another by a lift-swivel unit. The at least one infrared spectrometer is disposed above the thermoanalytical measurement device.

Abstract: A method of measuring a temperature of a noble gas in a chamber includes providing the noble gas in the chamber. The noble gas is characterized by a pressure and a temperature. The method also includes directing a first laser beam into the chamber and directing a second laser beam into the chamber. The first laser beam is characterized by a first frequency and the second laser beam is characterized by a second frequency. The method further includes converting at least a portion of the first laser beam and the second laser beam into a coherent anti-Stokes beam, measuring a Doppler broadening of the coherent anti-Stokes beam, and computing the temperature using the Doppler broadening.

Abstract: A radiant compensated thermometer, which uses a pair of parabolic-shaped radiation shields that are spaced-apart from one another. An upper shield is positioned to intercept the sunlight from impacting on a lower shield; both shields have an outer substantially reflective surface and an inner substantially non-reflective surface. A temperature sensor is positioned in a “dead space” near the inner surface of the lower shield, which is cooler than the other areas of the device.

Abstract: To provide a practical infrared transmissive protective cover capable of detecting a heating abnormality of an internal heating element and the like by visual observation and by using infrared rays. The infrared transmissive protective cover includes a light transmission section, the light transmission section is made of a resin sheet containing a resin composition, and a total light transmittance of the light transmission section in a visible light region is 70% or more, and an average infrared transmittance in a wavelength range of 8 to 14 ?m is 5% or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to thermal imaging systems and methods and uses therefor, and in a particular though non-limiting embodiment, to a method of detecting corrosion under insulation, as well as corrosion-related material data associated therewith. The system utilizes advanced infrared imaging video cameras to detect characteristic signatures of wet thermal traits on process equipment. Various embodiments of the invention integrate equipment, automation, and algorithms to form a method for identifying wet thermal insulation by scanning multiple locations along insulated piping, tanks, or other manufacturing equipment. Such scans can occur individually, sequentially, or simultaneously, with the results then being stored and comparatively analyzed.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device, which is used in a continuous casting machine, measures the surface temperature of a part or all of a cast slab in a width direction of the cast slab, which is drawn from a mold and conveyed by rollers, in a secondary cooling zone of the continuous casting machine. The temperature measuring device includes a support member that is installed on the side of roller support parts by which the rollers are rotatably supported; an arm member of which a proximal portion is rotatably mounted on the support member; and a radiation thermometer which is provided at a distal end portion of the arm member and of which a light receiving opening is disposed at a position corresponding to a height in the range of 1.0 to 4.5 m from the surface of the cast slab.

Abstract: An infrared thermometer includes a probe and an infrared sensor. The probe with an infrared target absorbs thermal radiation to provide a substantially consistent source of infrared radiation and an aperture for preventing contamination of the infrared target while permitting the transmission of thermal radiation to the target. The infrared sensor is configured for sensing infrared radiation from the infrared target. The infrared target is positioned within the probe such that it absorbs thermal radiation that comes from the aperture and thereafter emits thermal radiation to the infrared sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical element for guiding and forming a laser beam, and to a method for recording beam parameters, particularly in a laser system, comprising a carrier substrate (40) and a coating (39), which is applied to at least one side of the carrier substrate (40), and comprising at least one temperature sensor (38). The temperature sensor (38) is comprised of a number of pixels arranged in a matrix, and each respective pixel has at least one temperature-sensitive element (39). The at least one temperature-sensitive element (39) of the pixel is constructed inside the carrier substrate (40) made of silicon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an infrared thermometer (20), particularly adapted for reading the temperature of a patient on the forehead. The infrared thermometer comprises a housing, a sensor (4) element for sensing infrared radiation and means for converting sensed infrared radiation into an electrically usable signal. The infrared thermometer further comprises a baffle (3) for shielding the sensor (4) element from undesired infrared radiation. The baffle (3) is of an essentially cylindrical, tubular shape with a first opening for facing the source where the temperature is to be taken from and a second opening for facing the sensor element. The baffle (3) further has an inner surface adapted to prevent reflection of infrared radiation along its inner surface on to the (4) sensor element.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of determining the optimal plant canopy temperature of a plant by measuring chlorophyll a variable fluorescence is described. Leaf samples taken from the plant are placed on a temperature gradient device, exposed to light for an amount of time, and the variable fluorescence emitted from the leaves is measured along with the temperature. Calculations of Fv/Fo over a period of time are used to determine the optimal plant canopy temperature for a plant or a crop. The apparatus and method can be used to compare specific cultivars, to assess the results of plant breeding programs, and to assist in crop management procedures.

Abstract: An electronic thermometer is configured for selectable predictive modes based upon the same predictive algorithm. A mode selector is adapted for user selection between several modes of operation of the thermometer. Each mode of operation utilizes the same predictive algorithm for estimating the temperature of the subject before the thermometer reaches full equilibrium. Different modes offer users a selection for striking the appropriate balance between response time and precision, based upon user preferences and needs.

Abstract: A volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor device can comprise a sensor located in proximity to a tank vent of a storage tank, wherein the sensor can be configured to monitor flumes from the tank vent; a controller operatively coupled to the sensor, wherein the controller can be configured to receive a measured input from the sensor, wherein the measured input can be VOC measurement data of the flumes; and a wireless communication device coupled to the controller, wherein the wireless communication device can be configured to communicate with a coordinator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measuring method and a measuring system that are capable of accurately measuring the surface temperature of a surface to be measured, without being influenced by the emissivity distribution of the surface to be measured.

Abstract: An apparatus evaluates a substrate mounting device adapted to hold a target substrate placed on a mounting surface and to control a temperature of the target substrate. The apparatus includes an evacuatable airtightly sealed chamber accommodating therein the substrate mounting device, a heat source, arranged in a facing relationship with the mounting surface, for irradiating infrared light. The apparatus further includes an evaluation-purpose substrate adapted to be mounted on the mounting surface in place of the target substrate, the evaluation-purpose substrate being made of an infrared light absorbing material, and having a unit for measuring temperatures at plural sites on a surface and/or inside of the substrate.

Abstract: A temperature monitoring device that can automatically collect temperature data and wirelessly interface with a workflow management system. The device is provided in a portable housing and incorporates one or more temperature sensors, such as a physical probe, infrared sensor, or RFID transceiver, along with an interface for wirelessly communicating with a host personal device that has been programmed with temperature management tasks. The device may be used to automatically collect temperatures and provide wirelessly provide the data to the host for monitoring and tracking as part of a comprehensive workflow management system that includes food safety monitoring and compliance programs.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for an ear thermometer includes a battery, a mode switching circuit and a microcontroller, and the microcontroller, during a run mode or a normal operating state, does not pass battery current to the mode switching circuit in order that the insertion of the mode switching circuit causes no substantial change in power consumption so as to suppress a power consumption of the apparatus and extend the power of the battery.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring the temperature of a substrate are disclosed. The apparatus includes a source of temperature-indicating radiation, a detector for the temperature-indicating radiation, and a decorrelator disposed in an optical path between the source of temperature-indicating radiation and the detector for the temperature-indicating radiation. The decorrelator may be a broadband amplifier and/or a mode scrambler. A broadband amplifier may be a broadband laser, Bragg grating, a fiber Bragg grating, a Raman amplifier, a Brillouin amplifier, or combinations thereof. The decorrelator is selected to emit radiation that is transmitted, at least in part, by the substrate being monitored. The source is matched to the decorrelator such that the emission spectrum of the source is within the gain bandwidth of the decorrelator, if the decorrelator is a gain-driven device.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for use in an infrared detector the temperature sensor comprising: a first resistor associated with a first thermal path having a first thermal conductivity between the first resistor and a substrate and a first temperature coefficient of resistance; a second resistor associated with a second thermal path having a second thermal conductivity between the second resistor and the substrate and a second temperature coefficient of resistance, and a measurement circuit responsive to changes in the resistance of the first and second resistors to estimate changes in temperature, and wherein at least one of (a) the first and second thermal conductivities are different or (b) the first and second temperature coefficients of resistance are different.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus includes a body, an inner case disposed inside the body in a cooking compartment where food is being cooked, a detection hole formed at a wall of one side of the inner case, so that an infrared ray generated at the cooking compartment is released to the outside of the cooking compartment, and an infrared ray detecting apparatus including a reflecting mirror, which has a plurality of reflection surfaces and configured to change a path of an incident infrared ray, and an infrared ray sensor configured to receive the infrared ray having the path thereof changed to detect an intensity of the infrared ray, thereby reducing the size of a detection hole configured to pass the infrared ray that is generated inside the cooking compartment, so that the adverse effect caused by the leakage of a microwave is minimized.

Abstract: A temperature detector has: an infrared sensor located so as not to be in contact with a measured object; an infrared transmission filter which is located between the infrared sensor and the measured object so as to block the infrared sensor from the measured object, and through which infrared rays emitted from the measured object pass; and a distance changer for changing a distance between the measured object and the infrared transmission filter, wherein the infrared sensor is provided so as to detect the infrared rays, which have passed through the infrared transmission filter, to detect a temperature of the measured object even when the distance is changed by the distance changer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a portable device for measuring temperature with infrared array sensor. This portable device includes: an infrared array sensor module for taking temperature values in a unit of pixel and including a plurality of infrared sensors arranged in an array of pixels; a controller for calculating a resultant temperature value of a subject with reference to the temperature values taken each by the sensors; a display for expressing the resultant temperature value calculated by the controller; and a view finder with an indicator defining a target point to be measured for temperature and having a profile corresponding to the whole or a local shape of the subject. The view finder is formed of a transparent plate on which the subject's shape is reflected. The transparent plate is formed of: a notch representing the indicator; and a lens at least provided in the indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device and method for measuring temperature with infrared array sensor. This device includes: an infrared array sensor module to take thermal picture information of a subject, including a plurality of infrared sensors arranged in an array of pixels; an on-screen display module to generate an indicator having a profile corresponding to an entire or local shape of the subject and defining a target point to be measured for temperature; a display module to express the indicator and the thermal picture information; and a controller to enable the infrared array sensor module to measure the subject's temperature if the target point displayed by the thermal picture information overlaps with the indicator while the thermal picture information is expressed on the display module along with the indicator.

Abstract: An integrated circuit chip is defined by a stack of several interconnected layers. The integrated circuit chip includes at least two layers of dissimilar metal patterned to define an array of integrated bimetallic thermocouples.