Abstract: A method of fracturing or breaking rock includes the step of directing high intensity white light (radiation) at the rock to induce thermal stress sufficient to fracture the rock. The intensity of the energy source may be varied to control the manner in which the rock fractures. An approach for generating high intensity white light includes an elongate arc chamber and an elongate concave reflector. The arc chamber and reflector may be shielded from airborne particulate matter by an air shield or a rotating or reciprocating translucent shield.

Abstract: An infrared emitter element includes: at last one emitter tube made of silica glass, which has two ends; at least one electrical conductor arranged in the emitter tube as a radiation source; a cooling tube made of silica glass, which surrounds the at least one emitter tube spaced therefrom and which is connected to the at least one emitter tube directly at its ends, such that in the region of the electrical conductor at least one flow-supporting channel is formed between the at least one emitter tube and the cooling tube; and a metallic reflector. The cooling tube is completely covered with the reflector on its side facing away from the emitter tube. The infrared emitter element may be used as a flow-through heater, such as a heat exchanger, especially for high-purity fluids.

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus for curing resin in glass. The lamp system includes a light bulb, where the light bulb has a substantially annular shape configured to accommodate a resin injection system. The apparatus also includes a bulb housing having a substantially annular shape that substantially corresponds to the shape of the light bulb to facilitate accommodation of the light bulb within the bulb housing. The bulb housing has a hole, proximately at a center of the substantially annular shape of the bulb housing, configured to accommodate the resin injection system. As a result, the light bulb and the bulb housing surrounding the resin injection system in a relatively tight diameter, thereby facilitating uniform curing of the resin.

Abstract: A carbon wire heating element sealing heater is provided. Therein, a carbon wire heating element using carbon fibers is sealed in a quartz glass member, wherein absorption water quantity of the carbon wire heating element is 2×10?3 g/cm3 or less.

Abstract: An infrared ray lamp having a structure wherein a groove is formed in the vicinity of each of both end portions of a substantially plate heating element formed of a carbon-based substance, a carbon-based adhesive is applied to a region including the groove, and the end portion of the heating element is inserted into a slit formed at the end portion of a heat-emitting block having high conductivity so as to be sandwiched; by forming a reflection film on the glass tube of the infrared ray lamp, an infrared ray lamp having a desired emission intensity distribution is provided; a heating apparatus using this infrared ray lamp and method of producing the infrared ray lamp are also provided.

Abstract: A device for soldering contacts on semiconductor chips. A chip is held on a chip mount by a chuck and is heated from a side facing away from the wafer by means of a radiation source, so that a solder applied to a side facing the wafer is melted. A flushing device, having a plate with a window, a gas channel, and a gas outlet opening for a forming gas, is arranged at the window, is fitted parallel to the wafer. The chip is moved vertically in relation to the wafer, pressed onto the wafer through the window, and soldered on by means of isothermal solidification.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the controlled heating and firing of oak wood in the form of flat staves. The staves are assembled in a panel and heated by far infra red heaters passed in a controlled manner across the panel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for thermally treating objects. The aim of the invention is to facilitate a better control of the temperature profile of an object to be thermally treated. To this end, the invention provides a method and a device for thermally treating an object in a heating system, especially for treating semiconductor wafers (2) in a rapid heating system (1). The objects are thermally treated at a predetermined temperature progression and the temperature of the object is controlled via a PID control and a feedforward control that are based on a simulation model of the heating system and the object. Said model consists of individual models of components of the heating system and/or the object. The parameters of at least one of the individual models are monitored during the thermal treatment and the model is adapted to the monitored parameters.

Abstract: A radiant energy device for shrinking a thin film onto an open top of a container, the radiant energy device comprising: a source of power, to provide power to the radiant energy device; a plurality of fixed energy-emitting units, each of the units when energized being configured to emit radiant energy towards the shrinking film on said open top of the container; and a switching means, operatively connected between the source of power and each of the energy-emitting units, to independently activate at least two groups of the energy-emitting units; wherein, a first group of the energy-emitting units partially shrinks the thin film onto the container, and a second group finishes the shrinking.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: A flexible graphite felt heating element and a process for radiating infrared is disclosed.

Abstract: An infrared ray lamp having a structure wherein a groove is formed in the vicinity of each of both end portions of a substantially plate heating element formed of a carbon-based substance, a carbon-based adhesive is applied to a region including the groove, and the end portion of the heating element is inserted into a slit formed at the end portion of a heat-emitting block having high conductivity so as to be sandwiched; by forming a reflection film on the glass tube of the infrared ray lamp, an infrared ray lamp having a desired emission intensity distribution is provided; a heating apparatus using this infrared ray lamp and method of producing the infrared ray lamp are also provided.

Abstract: A thermal device with a container having a surface exposed to the substrate, wherein the container further has a heat source and a plurality of thermal shields situated between the surface exposed to the substrate and the heat source. The thermal shields are spaced from one another by a predetermined distance defining one or more gaps therebetween, wherein the predetermined distance is associated with a mean free path of a gas residing therein. Alternatively, the predetermined distance is variable. A pressure of a gas residing within the one or more gaps is controlled, wherein the pressure of the gas switches the thermal conductivity of the gas between generally conductive and generally non-conductive.

Abstract: A method of controlled heating of a micro channel reactor structure (46, 48, 50) comprises providing a structure (b1, b2, B1, B2) defining a desired temperature profile. A preferred embodiment of a heating element structure comprises a pattern of areas of a material capable of providing heat when energized, disposed over said micro channel reactor structure.

Abstract: An infrared ray lamp having a structure wherein a groove is formed in the vicinity of each of both end portions of a substantially plate heating element formed of a carbon-based substance, a carbon-based adhesive is applied to a region including the groove, and the end portion of the heating element is inserted into a slit formed at the end portion of a heat-emitting block having high conductivity so as to be sandwiched; by forming a reflection film on the glass tube of the infrared ray lamp, an infrared ray lamp having a desired emission intensity distribution is provided; a heating apparatus using this infrared ray lamp and method of producing the infrared ray lamp are also provided.

Abstract: A method for thermal control of a lamp assembly which includes an arc lamp, fan and an associated reflector enclosed within a sealed module. The method includes providing a predetermined air flow path within said module whereby a continuous flow of ambient air is passed over said lamp during lamp operation which reduces the operating temperature of the lamp and increases lamp life, and further including an opening or vent adjacent to the fan which functions to reduce the fan temperature in operation thereby increasing the operating life of the fan.

Abstract: A plurality of flash lamps are covered with a reflector. Optical fiber members are attached to the reflector on portions located immediately above the flash lamps. When the flash lamps emit flash light toward a semiconductor wafer, the optical fiber members partially guide the emitted light so that a CCD measures the intensity of light emitted from each of the plurality of flash lamps. A computer detects the emission state of each of the plurality of flash lamps on the basis of a result of measurement. At this time, the computer compares standard luminous intensity obtained when the irradiation state on the semiconductor wafer satisfies a prescribed criterion with the luminous intensity in actual processing for detecting the emission states of the plurality of flash lamps. Thus provided is a thermal processing apparatus capable of reliably and simply detecting deterioration of lamps.

Abstract: A apparatus and method for fusing toner to media in a laser imaging device. A paraboloidal trough reflector is positioned about a linear heating element to focus and concentrate radiant energy emitted from the heating element onto a thermal spreader. The thermal spreader absorbs the radiant energy and converts it to heat. A thermoplastic fusing roller is rotatably supported about the bulb heater, the reflector, and the thermal spreader. A pressure roller is supported to urge media against the fusing roller at the position of the thermal spreader. Fusing heat is conducted from the thermal spreader, through the fusing roller and to the media. The pressure roller is driven to rotate, thereby advancing the media through the fusing unit to fuse the toner thereto. Additionally, the present teachings disclose a printing device having a fusing unit with a bulb heater that emits user non-perceivable light. A mechanism is included for conveying light from the bulb heater to a location within the printing device.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods are provided for heating and sensing the temperature of a chemical reaction chamber without direct physical contact between a heating device and the reaction chamber, or between a temperature sensor and the reaction chamber. A plurality of chemical reaction chambers can simultaneously or sequentially be heated independently and monitored separately.

Abstract: An infrared ray lamp having a structure wherein a groove is formed in the vicinity of each of both end portions of a substantially plate heating element formed of a carbon-based substance, a carbon-based adhesive is applied to a region including the groove, and the end portion of the heating element is inserted into a slit formed at the end portion of a heat-emitting block having high conductivity so as to be sandwiched; by forming a reflection film on the glass tube of the infrared ray lamp, an infrared ray lamp having a desired emission intensity distribution is provided; a heating apparatus using this infrared ray lamp and method of producing the infrared ray lamp are also provided.

Abstract: A carbon wire heating element sealing heater is provided. Therein, a carbon wire heating element using carbon fibers is sealed in a quartz glass member, wherein absorption water quantity of the carbon wire heating element is 2×10−3 g/cm3 or less.

Abstract: A method of fracturing or breaking rock includes the step of directing high intensity white light at the rock to induce thermal stress sufficient to fracture the rock. An approach for generating high intensity white light includes an elongate arc chamber and an elongate concave reflector. The arc chamber and reflector may be shielded from airborne particulate matter by an air shield or a rotating or reciprocating translucent shield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiator emitting far-infrared rays and anions, and a method for manufacturing the radiator. The radiator according to the present invention is characterized in that it has a high far-infrared ray emissivity, and simultaneously emits a large quantity of anions to be utilized in the human body. To manufacture the far-infrared ray radiator, silicon oxide of 50 to 55 parts by weight, potassium oxide of 2 to 4 parts by weight, alumina of 3 to 7 parts by weight, borax of 15 to 25 parts by weight, sodium oxide of 10 to 20 parts by weight and calcium oxide of 3 to 7 parts by weight are introduced into a vessel and then mixed for 30 to 60 minutes. The mixture is put into a melting furnace at 1200 to 1400° C. and calcinated for 1 to 3 hours. The calcinated material is quenched and then pulverized. The pulverized material was added with phosphate rock of 1 to 5 parts by weight and then pulverized.

Abstract: A powdered far-infrared radiator includes a quartz schist pulverized into a powder having a grain diameter not exceeding 6 &mgr;m and heat-treating the powder at or above 200° C. The quartz schist radiates far-infrared rays at an ordinary temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infrared radiator with a heating element containing carbon fibers disposed in a quartz glass tube, with its ends connected to contact elements running through the wall of the quartz glass tube. The known radiators are improved by the fact that the heating element is spaced away from the wall of the quartz glass tube and it is centered on the axis of the quartz glass tube by means of spacers. The invention furthermore relates to a method by which the infrared radiator is operated at heating element temperatures greater than 1000° C.

Abstract: An integrated heater formed as a field effect transistor in a semiconductor substrate, with the transistor having source and drain regions with a channel region extending therebetween to conduct current. The channel region has a resistance when conducting current to generate heat above a selected threshold. A dielectric layer is disposed on the channel region and a gate electrode is disposed on the dielectric layer to control the current of the channel region. A thermally insulating barrier may be formed in the semiconductor material extending about the transistor. The object to be heated is positioned to receive the heat generated by the resistance of the channel region; the object may be a fluid chamber.

Abstract: A heater sealed with carbon wire heating element has a carbon wire heating element sealed with a quartz glass member, the carbon wire being prepared by knitting carbon single fibers into a knitted cord of a braid, each wire having a crystal structure with a interlayer spacing d (002) thereof being 0.343 or less and crystallite size Lc (002) thereof being 4.0 nm or more.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A flexible graphite felt heating element and a process for radiating infrared is disclosed.

Abstract: An infrared radiator with a twin envelope tube and at least one elongated infrared radiator element situated therein, which has at each of two oppositely lying ends a contact area for an electrical connecting conductor, at least one of which is carried through the seal of the envelope tube by means of an enclosed molybdenum film to an outwardly lying connection contact.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a substrate comprises a susceptor for supporting the substrate, an upper heat source spaced above the susceptor, a lower heat source spaced below the susceptor, and a controller. The controller provides power to the heat sources at a selected ratio between the sources. The controller is configured to vary the ratio during a high temperature processing cycle of a substrate to thereby vary the ratio of the heat provided by the heat sources during the cycle.

Abstract: A curing light system useful for curing light activated composite materials is disclosed. Various configurations of light emitting semiconductor chips and heat sinks are disclosed, as well as various structures and methods for driving, controlling and using them.

Abstract: A radiation source including a base, a curved reflector attached to the base, pins passing through the base and within the reflector, and a filament of high emissivity material helically wound about the pins and having opposing ends electrically connected to the pins so that upon passage of electrical energy through the filament, the filament becomes electrically heated and emits infrared radiation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for curing dental material with radiation from a halogen lamp provides for a shifting of a spectrum of the radiation to a shorter wavelength for increased rate of curing by adjusting current flow within a heating element of the lamp. The current is applied over an interval of time for accomplishing the curing. Feedback and feedforward circuitry, operative with a control signal of a regulated power source to reduce voltage applied by the power source to the heating element during an initial portion of the interval of time, prior to obtaining an operating temperature of the heating element, to maintain an upper bound on the magnitude of the current applied to the heating element, thereby to the vivid unnecessary and operations of the heating element for increased operating lifetime of the lamp.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A heater preferably having a plurality of equally spaced heating elements, such as heating lamps, provides a uniform heat radiation pattern for quickly and uniformly heating a large surface area using motor controlled wheels for translating the heater at a constant rate of speed across the surface of a structure in a desired pattern. The heater having a handle for operator manipulation for guiding and turning the heater in the desired pattern. The heater, having a wide lateral distance for radiating a wide uniform radiation pattern is suitable for thermographic application for imaging the heated surface and detecting subsurface defects in the structure, such as composite overwrapped concrete bridge and building structures subject where debonding of the composite/concrete interface is a concern.

Abstract: A lamp unit that is useful in a photoirradiating-type heating device that does not contaminate the processing chamber of a photoirradiating-type heating device, that permits the lamp to be reliably cooled, that permits the lamp to be reliably turned on, that inhibits the decline in the reflectance on the inner surface of an optical guide, and that permits attenuation of irradiation intensity to be inhibited. The lamp unit has a metal sleeve with an aperture at one end and a single ended lamp mounted so that sealed part of the lamp would be situated on the inside of the sleeve on the aperture side of sleeve, a coupling member having a contact support unit that makes contact with the outer surface of a sealed part of the lamp by elastic force as well as a contact fastening unit that makes contact with the inner surface of the sleeve after the contact support unit and that also fastens a single ended lamp to the sleeve.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emitter of infrared radiation in band III as well as to a composite allowing the emission of such infrared radiation. The emitter includes an emission source having a composite on which a thin oxide layer is deposited. The oxide has an emissivity which is less than 0.2 for wavelengths of emitted radiation of less than 6 &mgr;m and greater than 0.8 for wavelengths of between 8 and 10 &mgr;m. The invention also includes a heating device which can heat the composite so that it emits infrared radiation in band III.

Abstract: A system for heating a patient using a radiant heater is disclosed. In order to ensure optimum positioning of the patient various location and indication embodiments are included. The present invention either adjusts the energisation of the heater to provide optimum heating, provides an indicator of the optimum position for the patient, indicates that the patient is not correctly positioned or any combination thereof.

Abstract: The heater sealed with a carbon wire heating element of the present invention has a carbon wire heating element sealed within a quartz glass member, said carbon wire being prepared by knitting carbon single fibers into a knitted cord or a braid, each wire having a crystal structure with a interlayer spacing d (002) thereof being 0.343 or less and a crystallite size Lc (002) thereof being 4.0 nm or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infrared radiator with a heating element containing carbon fibers disposed in a quartz glass tube, with its ends connected to contact elements running through the wall of the quartz glass tube. The known radiators are improved by the fact that the heating element is spaced away from the wall of the quartz glass tube and it is centered on the axis of the quartz glass tube by means of spacers. The invention furthermore relates to a method by which the infrared radiator is operated at heating element temperatures greater than 1000° C.

Abstract: The apparatus provides a temperature controlled environment for processing semiconductor wafers at elevated temperatures. A hot wall process chamber is used for the process steps. The process chamber includes three zones with independent temperature control capabilities. The apparatus is capable of rotating the wafer in addition to providing a gas flow velocity gradient above the wafer for improved temperature and processing uniformity results.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A halogen heater control apparatus of a microwave oven and a method thereof, comprises a plurality of halogen heaters which are connected to a utility AC power source, and a halogen heater switching unit. The halogen heater and incrementally alters infrared wavelengths from the halogen heater, and a microcomputer controls the operation of the halogen heater switching unit. The present invention is capable of optimum foodstuff heating and cooking by incrementally altering and controlling the infrared wavelengths from the halogen heater by controlling the utility AC power source duty cycle to the halogen heater in accordance with control signals generated by the microcomputer.

Abstract: An infrared radiation lamp that includes an electrically heated filament and a reflector. The filament is a high temperature element that is wound to a helical configuration. The helical filament is free-standing at operating temperatures, and it is positioned in an open reflector made from a ceramic material.

Abstract: A filter for absorbing electromagnetic radiation which is used in heating a welding zone wherein a first part is joined to a second part. The filter includes a filter housing which contains a chamber within which a fluid is placed. The fluid absorbs undesired wavelengths of radiation from a heating source before the radiation reaches the welding zone. A heat exchanger may be connected to the filter in order to cool the fluid during the filtering process.

Abstract: A lamp unit that is useful in a photoirradiating-type heating device that does not contaminate the processing chamber of a photoirradiating-type heating device, that permits the lamp to be reliably cooled, that permits the lamp to be reliably turned on, that inhibits the decline in the reflectance on the inner surface of an optical guide, and that permits attenuation of irradiation intensity to be inhibited. The lamp unit has a metal sleeve with an aperture at one end and a single ended lamp mounted so that sealed part of the lamp would be situated on the inside of the sleeve on the aperture side of sleeve, a coupling member having a contact support unit that makes contact with the outer surface of a sealed part of the lamp by elastic force as well as a contact fastening unit that makes contact with the inner surface of the sleeve after the contact support unit and that also fastens a single ended lamp to the sleeve.

Abstract: A short-wave infrared surface radiator, with at least one infrared radiator, is equipped with a cladding tube. The cladding tube encloses, in a vacuum-tight manner, a heating element, which has an electric connection that is guided out of the cladding tube on a connection-side end via a pinch on a face of the cladding tube. A molybdenum foil is sealed into the cladding tube. Several infrared radiators that are connected to each other are arranged in an adjacent and parallel design while forming a joint radiating plane, with the connection-side end of the cladding tubes each being angled with regard to the radiating plane. The cladding tubes are fused together in an area of their front side that is opposite an angled section.

Abstract: A novel rapid thermal process (RTP) barrel reactor processes a larger batch of semiconductor substrates than was previously possible. The RTP barrel reactor is characterized by a short process cycle time in comparison to the same process cycle time in a conventional CVD barrel reactor. A rapid heat-up of the substrates is one of the keys to the shorter process cycle times of the RTP barrel reactor. The RTP barrel reactor utilizes a radiant heat source in combination with a heat controller that includes an open-loop controller for heat-up and a closed-loop controller for deposition as well as a new energy stabilizer to achieve heating a larger energy stabilizer and volume to a uniform processing temperature in times characteristic of RTP reactors.