Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly includes a cathode layer, an anode layer, and a polymer electrolyte sandwiched between the cathode layer and the anode layer. The polymer electrolyte layer is a polymer film having a plurality of sections. The sections are radiation grafted and sulfonated, wherein the sections are separated from each other by separation bands. The separation bands are untreated sections of the polymer electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Methods for applying and curing powder coatings, and for imparting a surface effect, e.g., texture or smoothness, to powder coated surfaces are provided. Preferred methods include pressing a textured release medium against the uncured powder coating and then curing the coating to form a thermally stable powder coating surface with the negative image of the texture on the release medium on its surface.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method of forming fine patterns comprising repeating plural times the following course of steps: covering a substrate having thereon photoresist patterns with an over-coating agent for forming fine patterns, applying heat treatment to cause thermal shrinkage of the over-coating agent so that the spacing between the adjacent photoresist patterns is lessened by the resulting thermal shrinking action, and removing the over-coating agent. The invention provides a method of forming fine patterns which has high ability to control pattern dimensions and provide fine patterns that have a satisfactory profile and satisfy the characteristics required of semiconductor devices, even in the case of employing a substrate having thick-film photoresist patterns in a thickness of about 1.0 ?m or more.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a composite material includes nanostructures dispersed in a substrate that may be cured from an amorphous state to a hardened state. The composite material may be manufactured by placing the nanostructures in the substrate while in an amorphous state and applying an electric field to the nanostructures and the substrate while the substrate cures to a hardened state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method a membrane electrode assembly which has a low proton conduction resistance at a boundary of an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer. Catalyst ink including solvent, electrolyte 23 having proton permeability, and a carbon 26 supporting platinum is applied on both sides of an electrolyte membrane 4 having proton permeability. The solvent is evaporated for forming catalyst layers 10, 14. Voltage is applied between the catalyst layers 10, 14 under hydrogen atmosphere for forming proton conduction paths at boundaries between the catalyst layers 10, 14 and the electrolyte membrane 4.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a layer with a tiny structure and a thin film transistor comprising the same is disclosed. The method of fabricating the layer with a tiny structure comprises providing a substrate, coating a coating composition on the substrate to form a coating layer, wherein the coating composition comprises nano conductive particles or nano semiconductor particles having functional groups bonded on a surface thereof uniformly dispersed in a solvent, and irradiating the coating layer by an additional energy to break the functional groups, resulting in aggregation of nano conductive particles or nano semiconductor particles to form a tiny structure.

Abstract: A method of forming a conductive pattern in which the conductive pattern can be easily formed at a low temperature without a photolithography process by forming the conductive pattern using a laser ablation method and an inkjet method, an organic thin film transistor manufactured using the method, and a method of manufacturing the organic thin film transistor. The method of forming a conductive pattern in a flat panel display device includes preparing a base member, forming a groove having the same shape as the conductive pattern in the base member, and forming the conductive pattern by applying a conductive material into the groove. The base member has one of a structure including a plastic substrate having the groove and a structure including a substrate and an insulating layer which is arranged on the substrate and which has the groove.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel approach for selectively forming an electroless plated metal layer which enables selective formation of an electroless plated metal layer in an intended shape of the circuit pattern on a surface of a non-conductive substrate, without using a plating mask layer, in a form that a surface of an adhesive layer and the plated metal layer are in direct contact with each other.

Abstract: A resin film forming device is provided which includes a spinner on which a circular disc having a hole at the center thereof is mounted, the spinner making the disc spin about the hole; a resin supply unit which applies resin around the hole of the disc; and a light irradiation unit which irradiates the resin on the disc mounted on the spinner with light to cure the resin, the light irradiation unit shifting a light irradiation position from an inner circumference side toward an outer circumference side of the disc mounted on the spinner, and stopping the light irradiation before the light irradiation unit reaches the outer circumference of the disc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a periodically-poled structure with high conversion efficiency and improved manufacturing yield. The method for manufacturing a periodically-poled structure in a second order nonlinear optical crystal having a single domain structure (31) includes the steps of forming a resist pattern (32) which matches a polarization-inverted period on a ?Z surface of the second order nonlinear optical crystal (31), and applying voltage to the ?Z surface as a negative voltage where the resist pattern (32) is formed, and a +Z surface as a positive voltage so as to apply an electric field in the second order nonlinear optical crystal (31), wherein the second order nonlinear optical crystal (31) contains at least one element as a dopant which compensate for the crystal defects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the metallization of an insulator and/or a dielectric, wherein the insulator is firstly activated, it is subsequently coated with another insulator and the latter is patterned, then the first is seeded and lastly metallized.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a layer on a substrate, comprising forming a plurality of flowable regions on the substrate, with a first subset of the plurality of flowable regions comprising a first composition and a second subset of the plurality of flowable regions including a second composition differing from the first composition. A surface of the first and second subsets is provided with a desired shape and/or each of the areas of the substrate covered by the flowable regions may be provided with a desired shape. Thereafter, the desired shaped is recorded by solidifying the first and second subsets of the plurality of flowable regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides new microreactor systems, catalysts, and chemical processes. Methods of making novel catalysts and reaction apparatus are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are hydroxyl organic oligosiloxane resins prepared by hydrolysis-condensation of organic alkoxysilane and preparation method thereof. More particularly, the present invention provides a method for preparation of novel resins with excellent coating properties, mechanical properties and thermal stability, comprising use of a hydroxyl organic oligosiloxane resin which has a center of inorganic network structure with high condensation degree formed by complete hydrolysis-condensation, and at least one hydroxyl group and organic group or organic functional group around the center.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a magnetic recording disk includes a magnetic-film deposition chamber in which a magnetic film for a recording layer is deposited on a substrate; a lubricant-layer preparation chamber in which a lubricant layer is prepared on the substrate in vacuum; and a cleaning chamber in which the substrate is cleaned in vacuum after the magnetic-film deposition in the magnetic-film chamber and before the lubricant-layer preparation in the lubricant-layer chamber. The apparatus may further include a transfer system that transfers the substrate from the cleaning chamber to the lubricant-layer preparation chamber without exposing the substrate to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of forming a crackle pattern on a blind slat includes the steps of a) preparing a slat substrate, b) coating a surface of the slat substrate with a base coat, and c) coating a surface of the base coat with a crackle paint.

Abstract: An antique blind slat fabrication method Includes the steps of a) preparing a slat substrate subject to a predetermined size, b) coating a surface of the slat substrate with a base coat, c) grinding the base-coated surface of the slat substrate, and d) coating the base coat with a wood grain paint.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a multilayer assembly that excels in pore properties, is flexible, and is satisfactorily handled and processed; and a method of producing the multilayer assembly. [Solving Means] A multilayer assembly includes a base and, arranged on at least one side thereof, a porous layer and has a large number of continuous micropores with an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 ?m. The multilayer assembly suffers from no interfacial delamination between the base and the porous layer when examined in a tape peeling test according to the following procedure: Tape Peeling Test A 24-mm wide masking tape [Film Masking Tape No. 603 (#25)] supplied by Teraoka Seisakusho Co., Ltd. is applied to a surface of the porous layer of the multilayer assembly and press-bonded thereto with a roller having a diameter of 30 mm and a load of 200 gf to give a sample; and the sample is subjected to a T-peel test with a tensile tester at a peel rate of 50 mm/min.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal film formed by applying an electroless plating catalyst or its precursor to a polymer layer on a base plate having a surface roughness of 500 nm or less and then carrying out electroless plating, the polymer layer containing a polymer which has a functional group capable of interacting with the electroless plating catalyst or its precursor and is chemically bonded directly to the base plate, wherein the adhesion strength between the base plate and the metal film is 0.2 kN/m or more.

Abstract: Processes are provided for depositing multiple color filter materials on a substrate to form color filters. In a first process, the surface characteristic of a substrate is modified by radiation so that a flowable form of a first color filter material will be deposited on a first area, and converted to a non-flowable form. A second color filter material can then be deposited on a second area of the substrate. In a second process, first and second color filter materials are deposited on separate donor sheets and transferred by radiation to separate areas of the substrate. A third process uses flexographic printing to transfer the first and second color filter materials to the substrate.

Abstract: An electrical connection comprising nanotubes is made between two layers of metallic material separated by a layer of insulating material. After growing the nanotubes, their alignment substantially perpendicularly to the metallic levels is performed by means of an electromagnetic alignment field. Then a sheathing material is deposited, at least partially covering the nanotubes and performing at least individual sheathing of the nanotubes. The electromagnetic alignment field of the nanotubes is maintained during deposition of the sheathing material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-adhesion mechanism and a method of producing it and more particularly, it provides an anti-adhesion mechanism comprising a structure body, a resin binder layer comprising a resin binder coated on all or part of the surface of the structure body and a bead layer comprising a plurality of beads bond to the upper side of the coated resin binder layer and being salient outside, and a method of producing an anti-adhesion mechanism comprising coating a resin binder on the surface to be coated, spraying beads on the upper portion of the resin binder before the coated resin binder is hardened and hardening them to form bead protrusions.

Abstract: An optical diffraction structure transfer sheet which can specify the optical diffraction structure transfer sheet of a source of transfer from optical diffraction structure used in an image. The optical diffraction structure transfer sheet has a transfer layer 12 where within optical diffraction structure having a first pattern is formed. The transfer layer is layered on a substrate sheet, and the optical diffractions structure has a pattern area where a second pattern different from the first pattern is formed. The pattern area is incorporated into the optical diffraction structure in a size invisible to naked eye.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-UV reflector for distributing a light from a point light source or a linear light uniformly over a target. The anti-UV reflector mainly includes a light reflecting polymeric substrate and a protecting layer of anti-UV material provided on the polycarbonate substrate for reducing yellowing in the polycarbonate substrate. When a light from a point light source or a linear light illuminates the anti-UV reflector, UV radiation in the light is filtered or absorbed by the protecting layer thereby reducing yellowing in the polyearbonate substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a process for forming a contained second layer over a first layer, including the steps: forming the first layer having a first surface energy and a first glass transition temperature; condensing an intermediate material over and in direct contact with the first layer to form an intermediate layer, said intermediate layer having a second surface energy which is lower than the first surface energy; patterning the intermediate layer to form uncovered areas of the first layer and covered areas of the first layer; and forming a contained second layer over the uncovered areas of the first layer. There is also provided a process for making an organic electronic device.

Abstract: The present provides a bondably coated metallic member comprising a metallic member having a low surface energy polymeric coating, said low surface energy polymeric coating having been surface activated on at least a portion thereof, and having on said surface-activated portion a bondable high surface energy polymeric coating. The present invention also provides a bondably-coated metallic pipe comprising metallic pipe having a low surface energy mainline polymeric coating thereon extending over the pipe except at a bare zone adjacent each end of the pipe that is free from said main-line coating; a portion of said mainline coating adjacent each bare zone having been surface activated and having on said surface activated portion a bondable high surface energy polymeric coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air filtration system and a method for making a photocatalytic oxidation substrate by powder coating a photocatalyst onto a metal substrate.

Abstract: Low resistivity graphite coated fibers having exfoliated and pulverized graphite platelets coated on an outer surface of electrically insulating fibers are provided. Various methods are also provided for surface coating of the graphite platelets onto the insulating fibers which are provided to increase the glass fiber surface conductivity. The graphite coated glass fibers can be used to produce reinforced composite materials. Reinforced composite materials incorporating the graphite coated fibers can be electrostatically painted without using a conductive primer.

Abstract: In a method of coloring patterns or texts on a surface of an aluminum alloy material, an insulating layer is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy material, and then the patterns or texts, which are partially insulated and partially conductive, are formed by way of laser engraving. Next, the conductive portion of the patterns or texts is treated by way of electro-deposition coating so that a cladding layer having a color different from that of the aluminum alloy material may be formed on the patterns or texts, different colors may appear, and the flatness of the surface may be kept.

Abstract: A mechanically stable and oriented scanning probe tip comprising a carbon nanotube having a base with gradually decreasing diameter, with a sharp tip at the probe tip. Such a tip or an array of tips is produced by depositing a catalyst metal film on a substrate (10 & 12 in FIG. 1(a)), depositing a carbon dot (14 in FIG. 1(b)) on the catalyst metal film, etching away the catalyst metal film (FIG. 1(c)) not masked by the carbon dot, removing the carbon dot from the catalyst metal film to expose the catalyst metal film (FIG. 1(d)), and growing a carbon nanotube probe tip on the catalyst film (16 in FIG. 1(e)). The carbon probe tips can be straight, angled, or sharply bent and have various technical applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are water pressure transfer films and methods utilizing the same. The film includes a carrier layer which is soluble or swells in water, a protective layer composed of a dual-curable composition, and a decorating layer. After transferring on an object surface, the protective layer is cured by UV radiation, the carrier layer is washed out, and the protective layer is then further cured by a thermal source. Alternatively, the protective layer can be first cured by a thermal source and further cured by UV radiation. The decorating layer includes printing ink pattern, embossed surface relief hologram pattern, or combinations thereof. The active agent of the water pressure transfer film is also a dual-curable composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a metallic pattern forming method comprising: forming a region in which a graft polymer, that directly bonds to a surface of a base material that includes a polyimide and has a functional group that interacts with either an electroless plating catalyst or a precursor thereof, is generated in a pattern shape; imparting either an electroless plating catalyst or a precursor thereof and electroless plating so as to form a metallic film in the pattern shape, wherein the polyimide has at least one structural unit represented by the following Formula (1) or Formula (2) and has a polymerization initiating site in a skeleton thereof. R1 represents a bivalent organic group. R2 is represented by one of Formulae (3) to (6). R3, R4, R5 and R6 independently represents a bivalent organic group.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for depositing particles having uniform diameters onto a substrate are provided. In the particle deposition apparatus, starting materials in a starting gas are reacted with each other to produce particles which are then deposited onto a substrate. The particle deposition apparatus comprises: a reaction vessel comprising a reaction chamber and a back chamber in its interior, a starting gas supply port in communication with the reaction chamber, an exhaust port in communication with the back chamber, and a holder which is disposed within the back chamber and can hold the substrate; a plasma generator for producing plasma within the reaction chamber; and gas flow control unit configured to discharge a post-reaction gas through the exhaust port while producing the plasma.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming a patterned material layer on a structure, by condensing a vapor to a solid condensate layer on a surface of the structure and then localized removal of selected regions of the condensate layer by directing a beam of energy at the selected regions. The structure can then be processed, with at least a portion of the patterned solid condensate layer on the structure surface, and then the solid condensate layer removed. Further there can be stimulated localized reaction between the solid condensate layer and the structure by directing a beam of energy at at least one selected region of the condensate layer.

Abstract: An electrode for a battery includes a thin plate current collector and an active material layer coated on the current collector. The current collector is provided at a top surface with a coated current collector part and an uncoated current collector part adjacent to the coated current collector part. The uncoated current collector part has less yield stress than the coated current collector part.

Abstract: A continuous in-line process for manufacturing ink-jet recording media is provided. The process includes applying a radiation-curable coating to a surface of a substrate material, irradiating the radiation-curable coating to form a “freshly”irradiated coating that undergoes a curing process, and applying an ink-receptive coating over the “freshly”irradiated coating to form ink-jet media.

Abstract: Plastic conductive particles having an outer diameter of 2.5 ?m˜1 mm obtained by sequentially plating a 0.1˜10 ?m thick metal plating layer and a 1˜100 ?m thick Pb solder layer or a Pb-free solder layer on plastic core beads having a high elastic modulus of compression, and a method of manufacturing thereof.

Abstract: At least one of the surfaces of a silicone contact lens is a wrinkled surface, providing the contact lens surface with a desired topography. The wrinkled surface may include random ridges, either over the entire surface of the lens, or in a desired pattern on the surface of the lens. The wrinkled surface is formed by subjecting the surface to a high energy source.

Abstract: The invention concerns supports or receptacles for solubilized or suspended biological entities whereof the walls are made of plastics surface-treated by an electromagnetic plasma followed by a polymer deposition. It can be in the form of tubes or multiple-well plates. It provides among other things the possibility of storing, transferring and performing reactions in the context of microassays of biological entities, more particularly the prion protein, with enhanced sensitivity.

Abstract: A method for applying a NiAl based bond coat and a diffusion aluminide coating to a metal substrate comprises, in part, coating a portion of the external surface of the superalloy substrate, by physical vapor deposition with a layer of a NiAl based metal alloy, wherein the deposited NiAl based metal alloy includes a controlled amount of about 6 to 25 weight percent aluminum, wherein the deposited aluminum level of the NiAl based metal alloy is controlled to be about 50-100% of its final level after aluminizing to form a coated external portion; and subsequently, simultaneously aluminizing the coated external portion and a different surface of the superalloy substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing an organic film at the surface of a solid support, with a step of contacting said surface with a liquid solution including (i) at least one solvent, (ii) at least one adhesion primer, under non-electrochemical conditions, and allowing the formation of radical entities based on the adhesion primer. The liquid solution can also include (iii) at least one monomer different from the adhesion primer and radically polymerizable. This invention also relates to a non-electrically-conductive solid support on which an organic film according to said method is grafted, and a kit for preparing an essentially polymeric organic film at the surface of a solid support.

Abstract: In jet printable compositions that include nano metal powders in a liquid carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to manufacturing a flooring plate out of synthetic material from a raw plate (1). A patina (10) in viscous form is deposited and then spread on a surface (3) of the raw plate, and the patina-coated surface is brushed so as to create visible defects on said surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent element, the method includes the step of after forming the organic electroluminescent element obtained by interposing an emission layer composed of an organic material between an anode and a cathode, decreasing an operating voltage of the organic electroluminescent element by applying a voltage higher than the operating voltage of the organic electroluminescent element between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A plastic glazing for use in an automobile. The glazing includes a polycarbonate substrate, a conductive layer located adjacent to the polycarbonate substrate, and a glazing layer located adjacent to the conductive layer. The conductive layer comprises carbon nanotubes, and the glazing layer is made of a material that is different from polycarbonate. The glazing layer includes at least one of an abrasion resistant layer and a weathering layer.

Abstract: A method of forming at least one primary microstructure on a substrate (10) is described. A relief structure (14) is provided for contacting a layer of microstructure forming fluid (12), the relief structure including (i) at least one primary cavity (16) which defines the at least one primary microstructure; (ii) at least one secondary cavity (18) for receiving residual microstructure forming fluid; and (iii) at least one bearing surface (24) for bearing against the substrate, the at least one bearing surface separating the at least one primary cavity and the at least one secondary cavity. A layer of microstructure forming fluid is provided between the relief structure and the substrate and at least one of the substrate and the relief structure is moved relative to the other so that the bearing surface comes to bear against the substrate.

Abstract: Low dielectric materials and films comprising same have been identified for improved performance when used as interlevel dielectrics in integrated circuits as well as methods for making same. In certain embodiments of the invention, there is provided a low-temperature process to remove at least a portion of at least one pore-forming phase within a multiphasic film thereby forming a porous film. The pore-forming phase may be removed via exposure to at least one energy source, preferably an ultraviolet light source, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods of adhering polymeric materials to a substrate, either directly or through linker molecules, are disclosed. Structures, for example, microstructures, including microwells and arrays of microwells, may be readily formed using the methods. In some embodiments, microstructures formed completely from polymeric materials are provided, making it possible to tailor the chemical and physical properties of the microstructures. For example, microwells having a bottom comprising a polar polymeric material and well sides/top comprising a non-polar polymeric material are provided. Biochemical reagents may be easily delivered to such “smart wells” because the intrinsic attraction of the well bottom for the reagents and the intrinsic repulsion between the well sides/top combine to direct the reagents to the wells.

Abstract: A method is provided for printing electronic and opto-electronic circuits. The method comprises: (a) providing a substrate; (b) providing a film-forming precursor species; (c) forming a substantially uniform and continuous film of the film-forming precursor species on at least one side of the substrate, the film having a first electrical conductivity; and (d) altering portions of the film with at least one conductivity-altering species to form regions having a second electrical conductivity that is different than the first electrical conductivity, the regions thereby providing circuit elements. The method employs very simple and continuous processes, which make the time to produce a batch of circuits very short and leads to very inexpensive products, such as electronic memories (write once or rewriteable), electronically addressable displays, and generally any circuit for which organic electronics or opto-electronics are acceptable.

Abstract: A mirrored element (101) includes a first section (201) that is translucent when a backlight (301) is on and mirrored when the backlight is off (301). A second section (203) provides a mirrored surface when the backlight (301) is on and when the backlight (301) is off. The mirrored element (101) may optionally be provided with an enclosure (103). A baking process may be utilized to provide the second section (203) of the mirrored element (101).