Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell which is genetically modified with respect to its wild type and which comprises a gene sequence coding for an autofluorescent protein, wherein the expression of the autofluorescent protein depends on the intracellular concentration of a particular metabolite. The present invention also relates to a method for the identification of a cell having an increased intracellular concentration of a particular metabolite, a method for the production of a cell which is genetically modified with respect to its wild type with optimized production of a particular metabolite, a cell obtained by this method, a method for the production of metabolites and a method for the preparation of a mixture.

Abstract: In a method for producing a target substance utilizing a microorganism comprising culturing the microorganism in a medium to produce and cause accumulation of the target substance in the medium and collecting the target substance, there is used, as the microorganism, a mutant strain or a genetic recombinant strain constructed from a parent strain of the microorganism having a respiratory chain pathway of high energy efficiency and a respiratory chain pathway of low energy efficiency as respiratory chain pathways, and having either one or both of the following characteristics: (A) the respiratory chain pathway of high energy efficiency is enhanced, (B) the respiratory chain pathway of low energy efficiency is deficient.

Abstract: A novel xylose isomerase nucleotide sequence obtained from a bovine rumen fluid metagenomic library and also provides the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence, and a vector and a transformant containing the nucleotide sequence. When the xylose isomerase is expressed, a host cell is endowed with the capability of converting xylose into xylulose, and the xylulose is further metabolized by the host cell. Therefore, the host cell can take the xylose as a carbon source for growth. The xylose isomerase from a new source is expressed with high activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is a mesophilic enzyme with optimal temperature of 60° C.

Abstract: An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae having an L-amino acid-producing ability and modified so that glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase activities are increased, in a medium containing glycerol as a carbon source to produce and accumulate an L-amino acid in the medium or cells, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium or the cells.

Abstract: Provided are isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. Also provided are nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a polyketide synthase (PKS) capable of synthesizing an even-chain or odd-chain diacid or lactam or diamine. The present invention also provides for a host cell comprising the PKS and when cultured produces the even-chain diacid, odd-chain diacid, or KAPA. The present invention also provides for a host cell comprising the PKS capable of synthesizing a pimelic acid or KAPA, and when cultured produces biotin.

Abstract: A process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin is described. This process entails converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same.

Abstract: A method for producing a carboxylic acid by a fermentation process which comprises culturing a methanol-assimilating bacterium capable of producing the carboxylic acid in a liquid medium containing methanol and a counter ion to produce and accumulate the carboxylic acid in the medium, further comprising the feeding of a substance comprising methanol and a counter ion to the medium by fed-batch culturing to maintain the total ionic strength within the fermentation medium at or below a certain level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to newly identified mRNA stabilizing elements useful for the production of a target fermentation product, such as e.g. vitamins or enzymes, in particular riboflavin (vitamin B2), biotin, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), folic acid, thiamin, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), vitamin B12, xylanase, amylase, protease, glucanase, amylomaltase or maltogenic amylase.

Abstract: An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family which has an L-amino acid-producing ability in a medium containing fatty acids as the carbon source, particularly fatty acids which have been subjected to emulsification or homogenization, to thereby produce and accumulate the L-amino acid in a culture medium; and collecting the L-amino acid from the culture medium.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid includes culturing a bacterium which belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and has an L-amino acid-producing ability in a medium containing a carbon source selected from a fatty acid and an alcohol, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium. A bacterium which has been subjected to a modification including at least one of enhancement of oxyS gene expression, enhancement of fixABC gene expression, and combination thereof, is used as the bacterium, or a substance that reduces intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentration of the bacterium is added to the medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of saccharifying the trash (leaf) fraction of sugar cane using enzymes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of 5-methyl-3-nitromethyl-hexanoic acid ester and its salts. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of 5-methyl-3-nitromethyl-hexanoic acid salt and a process for the preparation of 3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid. (S)-5-Methyl-3-nitromethyl-hexanoic acid or (R)-5-methyl-3-nitromethyl-hexanoic acid in enantioenriched form or enantiopure form as well as salts thereof, (S)-5-methyl-3-nitromethyl-hexanoic acid ester or (R)-5-methyl-3-nitromethyl-hexanoic acid ester in enantioenriched form or enantiopure form and a compound, namely Formula (XIII), in racemic form, enantioenriched form or enantiopure form are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of fine chemicals in a microorganism, a plant cell, a plant, a plant tissue or in one or more parts thereof. The present invention relates further to a process for the control of the production of fine chemicals in a microorganism, a plant cell, a plant, a plant tissue or in one or more parts thereof. The invention furthermore relates to nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, nucleic acid constructs, vectors, antisense molecules, antibodies, host cells, plant tissue, propagation material, harvested material, plants, microorganisms as well as agricultural compositions and to their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to the combination of the TLG1 glucoamylase from Thermomyces lanuginoses with: (i) the SFA1 alpha-amylase from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera; and/or (ii) the LKA alpha-amylase. The enzyme combinations may be expressed in a host cell (e.g. in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or provided as an enzyme composition. Methods for making the enzyme combinations of the invention are provided. The invention also relates to a yeast strain which exhibits amylolytic activity and promising fermentative abilities. Processes for producing a fermentation product (in particular alcohol) from starch-containing material are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin by converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fermentation product from lignocellulose-containing material, a method for converting lignocellulose-containing material into a hydrolyzate comprising mono- and oligo-saccharides, and a method for treating lignocellulose-containing material, all of which comprise the step of mixing an acid pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material and an alkaline pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material. The present invention further provides a fermentation product made according to the method for producing a fermentation product.

Abstract: A method for producing a carboxylic acid by a fermentation process which comprises culturing a methanol-assimilating bacterium capable of producing the carboxylic acid in a liquid medium containing methanol and a counter ion to produce and accumulate the carboxylic acid in the medium, further comprising the feeding of a substance comprising methanol and a counter ion to the medium by fed-batch culturing to maintain the total ionic strength within the fermentation medium at or below a certain level.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for efficiently producing a useful substance; and a microorganism which belongs to coryneform bacteria and which can be used in the process. The present invention provides a process for producing a useful substance by using a microorganism belonging to coryneform bacteria, the microorganism having an ability to take a sugar, which is taken into a cell via a phosphotransferase system (PTS), into a cell via a system other than the PTS, and having an ability to produce a useful substance.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of food, feed and food supplements comprising high folate levels, whereby the folate is produced by fermentation of Lactobacillus strains on melon fruit extract. Methods for increasing folate production of Lactobacillus strains are also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid is described using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, wherein the bacterium contains a protein which is able to confer resistance to growth inhibition by L-cysteine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity variants. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of degrading or converting biomass material enriched with hemicellulosic material into fermentable sugars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to variants of a parent beta-glucosidase. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also provides nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of analyzing an oxidation state of a methionine residue in a protein sample, which comprises the steps of: inducing a reaction between a protein sample having a methionine residue with an oxidation state to be analyzed, and hydrogen peroxide H218O2 having oxygen atoms labeled by the isotope 18O, to obtain a modified protein sample in which the oxidation state of the methionine residue is stabilized; and subjecting the modified protein sample to a measurement to quantify an oxidation degree of the methionine residue. Preferably, the measurement is a mass spectrometric (MS) measurement using a mass spectrometer. The method can analyze an oxidation state of a methionine residue in a protein sample, in a simple manner, while accurately reflecting an in vivo oxidation state of the methionine residue.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that can be used to make monatin from glucose, tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-pyruvate, and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid, are provided. Methods are also disclosed for producing the indole-3-pyruvate and 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid intermediates. Compositions provided include nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, chemical structures, and cells. Methods include in vitro and in vivo processes, and the in vitro methods include chemical reactions.

Abstract: The invention provides nitrilases and methods for making and using them, and in one aspect, provides methods for producing enantiomerically pure ?-substituted carboxylic acids, such as, for example, ?-amino acids and ?-hydroxy acids. In one aspect, methods of the invention combine an aldehyde or ketone with a cyanide and ammonia or an ammonium salt or an amine, in the presence of a nitrilase or a polypeptide having nitrilase activity, to stereoselectively hydrolyze the amino nitrile or cyanohydrin intermediate under conditions sufficient to produce the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing optically active succinimide derivatives as key intermediates of (3R)-2?-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)spiro{pyrrolidine-3,4?(1?H)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine}-1?,2,3?,5(2?H)-tetraone, which comprises the following reaction steps, and the step 2 is performed by using a non-animal-derived enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated polypeptides having endoglucanase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also provides nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cell comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: A method for producing a target substance by utilizing a microorganism by culturing the microorganism in a medium to produce and accumulate the target substance in the medium and collecting the target substance from the culture is described. The microorganism is a mutant recombinant strain in which maltose assimilation is controlled by reducing or eliminating the interaction between IIAGlc protein of the glucose PTS and a protein involved in non-PTS uptake of maltose.

Abstract: Methods and systems to achieve clean fuel processing systems in which carbon dioxide emissions (1) from sources (2) may be processed in at least one processing reactor (4) containing a plurality of chemoautotrophic bacteria (5) which can convert the carbon dioxide emissions into biomass (6) which may then be used for various products (21) such as biofuels, fertilizer, feedstock, or the like. Sulfate reducing bacteria (13) may be used to supply sulfur containing compounds to the chemoautotrophic bacteria (5).

Abstract: A carbonaceous feedstock can be converted into a chemical product having a higher commercial value, by introducing the carbonaceous feedstock into a plasma torch under conditions selected to generate a synthetic gas mixture having a tailored composition, and then introducing the synthetic gas mixture into a microbial digester configured to convert the synthetic gas mixture into the chemical product. The composition of the synthetic gas mixture produced by the plasma torch can be quickly modified to yield an optimal quality and quantity required by the microbial digester, and the quantity and stoichiometric ratio can be quickly varied if the quantity or composition of the synthetic gas mixture being provided is not appropriate for the microbial digester, enabling greater efficiency to be achieved as compared to systems where the quality and quantity of the synthetic gas mixture cannot be easily changed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising: a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity and a sulfur-containing compound. The present invention also relates to methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also provides nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetically engineered Candida tropicalis cells, use thereof and a method of production of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids and ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having beta-glucosidase activity, beta-xylosidase activity, or beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to nitrilases and to nucleic acids encoding the nitrilases. In addition methods of designing new nitrilases and method of use thereof are also provided. The nitrilases have increased activity and stability at increased pH and temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to amyloid beta (A?) channels and the diseases and disorders caused by abnormal activity in these channels, such as Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, inclusion body myositis, or cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The disclosure provides compositions and methods that block A? channel activity and/or reduce A?-induced toxicity in a cell. Compositions comprised of compounds having histidine coordinating capacity are used in methods to prevent, reduce, or eliminate damage caused by A? ion channels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of efficiently producing a crystal of a (2R,4R)Monatin multivalent metal salt that has a good sweetness property and is excellent in storage stability. Specifically, the present invention provides the method of producing the crystal of the (2R,4R)Monatin multivalent metal salt comprising allowing an aldehyde or one or two or more enzymes capable of forming (2R,4R)Monatin from (2S,4R)Monatin to be acted on an aqueous solution containing the (2S,4R)Monatin in the presence of a multivalent metal ion to obtain the crystal of the (2R,4R)Monatin multivalent metal salt. The aldehyde may preferably be an aromatic aldehyde. The one or two or more enzyme may preferably be a racemase or one or more aminotransferases. The multivalent metal may preferably be a bivalent alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an L-aminoacylase which is able to produce L-tert-leucine being useful as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals. A protein which is characterized in being represented by any of the following (a) to (d): (a) a protein coded by a gene consisting of a nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No: 1; (b) a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No: 2; (c) a protein coded by a polynucleotide which hybridizes under a stringent condition with a nucleic acid sequence which is complementary to the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No: 1 and having an L-succinylaminoacylase activity; and (d) a protein which consists of an amino acid sequence where one or several amino acid (s) is/are substituted, deleted, inserted and/or added in the protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No: 2 and has an L-succinylaminoacylase activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising: a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity and a heterocyclic compound. The present invention also relates to methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for producing a sulfur-containing ?-amino acid compound such as methionine. A process for producing a sulfur-containing ?-amino acid compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; comprising: a first step of culturing a microorganism capable of converting a sulfur-containing amino alcohol compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 is the same as defined above into the corresponding sulfur-containing ?-amino acid compound in a culture medium containing a lower aliphatic alcohol to prepare a microbial cell of the microorganism; and a second step of reacting the sulfur-containing amino alcohol compound with the microbial cell of the microorganism obtained in the first step or a processed product of the microbial cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing optically active amino acids from 5-substituted hydantoin by isolating a hydantoinase gene and an N-carbamyl-L-amino acid hydrolase gene involved in an ability to convert 5-substituted hydantoin or N-carbamylamino acid into optically active amino acids from a microorganism of the genus Microbacterium having the above ability and by improving gene amplification and transcriptional and translational activities thereby preparing a recombinant wherein the amount of the desired enzymes produced is increased. The hydantoinase gene is, for example, a DNA encoding for a protein having a hydantoinase activity, which has the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. The N-carbamyl-L-amino acid hydrolase gene is, for example, a DNA encoding for a protein having an N-carbamyl-L-amino acid hydrolase activity, which has the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.

Abstract: Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution under alkaline conditions in the presence of ammonia and optionally an additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin without loss of hemicellulose. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid is described using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, wherein the bacterium contains a protein which is able to confer resistance to growth inhibition by L-cysteine.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutants and alleles of the oxyR gene of coryneform bacteria coding for variants of the OxyR transcription regulator and processes for producing amino acids using bacteria which comprise these alleles.

Abstract: This application discloses methods for the preparation of L-amino acids, which comprises fermentation of a desired L-amino acid-producing bacteria in which at least the tal gene is amplified. In some embodiments, genes of the biosynthesis pathway of the desired L-amino acid are additionally amplified.