Abstract: Ceramics are made of preceramic paper or board structures in a particular shape previously represented in a paper structure, in which the preceramic papers or boards have a content of ceramic fillers between 30 and 95 wt-%, with the ceramic fillers having a particle size <30 ?m. A method for manufacturing such ceramics and the use thereof are also provided.

Abstract: An optical glass of the present invention has optical constants with a refractive index (nd) of 1.74 to 1.76 and an Abbe number (?d) of 45 to 49.5, contains SiO2, B2O3, BaO, ZnO, La2O3, Gd2O3, TiO2, Al2O3, and Li2O as essential components, does not contain Ta2O5, GeO2, or ZrO2 which usually affects the stabilization of glass, does not contain lead, arsenic, or fluorine having adverse effects on the environment, and has a glass transition point Tg of 530 to 590° C. According to the present invention, a stable glass for precision press-molding can be provided which has a low glass transition temperature (Tg), has a high refractive index and a low dispersion property, and does not contain expensive Ta2O5, GeO2, ZrO2, or Y2O3.

Abstract: A silica glass containing TiO2, characterized in that the fluctuation of the refractive index (?n) is at most 2×10?4 within an area of 30 mm×30 mm in at least one plane. A silica glass containing TiO2, characterized in that the TiO2 concentration is at least 1 mass %, and the striae pitch is at most 10 ?m. An optical material for EUV lithography, characterized in that it is made of a silica glass containing TiO2, and the fluctuation of the refractive index (?n) is at most 2×10?4 in a plane perpendicular to the incident light direction. An optical material for EUV lithography, characterized in that it is made of a silica glass containing TiO2, wherein the TiO2 concentration is at least 1 mass %, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the TiO2 concentration is at most 0.06 mass % in a plane perpendicular to the incident light direction.

Abstract: A fused silica glass and a fused silica article having a combined concentration of at least one of OH and OD of up to about 50 ppm. The fused silica glass is formed by drying a fused silica soot blank or preform in an inert atmosphere containing a drying agent, followed by removal of residual drying agent from the dried soot blank by heating the dried soot blank in an atmosphere comprising an inert gas and of oxygen.

Abstract: Provided is a nonlead glass for covering an electrode, which comprises, in mol %, B2O3 15-65%, SiO2 2-38%, MgO 2-30%, MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO 5-45%, Li2O 1-15%, Li2O+Na2O+K2O 2-25% and others, and which comprises ZnO 0-15%. Provided is a nonlead glass for covering an electrode, which comprises, in mol %, B2O3 25-65%, SiO2 2-38%, MgO 2-30%, MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO 5-45%, Li2O+Na2O+K2O 2-25%, Al2O3 0-30, TiO 0-10% and ZnO 0-15%.

Abstract: Optical glass has a refractive index of 1.83 or above and an Abbe number of 26 or less and contains SiO2, TiO2, Nb2O5 and Na2O as its essential constituents in such proportions on a final oxide basis that the amounts of its oxide constituents as expressed on a mass percentage basis may satisfy the relationship: (TiO2+Nb2O5)/(Na2O+K2O)=3.0 to 4.

Abstract: A silica glass containing TiO2, which has a fictive temperature of at most 1,200° C., a F concentration of at least 100 ppm and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 0±200 ppb/° C. from 0 to 100° C. A process for producing a silica glass containing TiO2, which comprises a step of forming a porous glass body on a target quartz glass particles obtained by flame hydrolysis of glass-forming materials, a step of obtaining a fluorine-containing porous glass body, a step of obtaining a fluorine-containing vitrified glass body, a step of obtaining a fluorine-containing formed glass body and a step of carrying out annealing treatment.

Abstract: An optical glass having refractive index (nd) exceeding 1.85, Abbe number (?d) of 36 or over, comprising SiO2, B2O3, La2O3, Gd2O3, Ta2O5 and Li2O as essential components, being free of Pb and As components, and having glass transition temperature (Tg) of 630° C. or below.

Abstract: A particulate glass for a synthetic bone (including dental) graft includes ZnO, SrO, and may include NaO. The glass promotes cellular metabolism, and upon implantation in living bone tissue induces bone growth at their surface. The ZnO and SrO respectively degrade to provide Zn2+ and Sr2+ ions respectively. The ions released by the glass provide anti-bacterial effects; improved bone formation in place of diseased tissue; inhibition of bone resorption; and radiopacity. There is excellent synergy between the SrO, ZnO, and NaO. The Sr2+ ions have better bone formation effects than the Zn2+ ions, but an anti-bacterial effect which is not as good. Choice of relative proportions of ZnO and SrO combined with the choice of NaO concentration to set the resorption rate allow optimisation. NaO there is control of the degradation rate of the graft; a feature which is advantageous in tailoring the grafts to specific patients and applications.

Abstract: The present claimed invention intends to provide a responsive glass membrane for ion selective electrode glass and an ion selective electrode comprising the responsive glass membrane that produces a self-cleaning function when the ultraviolet rays are irradiated although no change is brought in a composition of a sample solution as being an object to be measured and that is low in electric resistance value and superior in responsivity under an ordinary measurement environment. The responsive glass membrane for ion selective electrode is made of the titanium-containing oxide glass that contains 20˜80 mol % of titanium dioxide and lithium oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of displays. One subject of the invention is a glass composition intended for the production of a substrate for a field-emission display, which has an overall light transmission factor under illuminant D65 (TLD65) that varies from 45 to 80% and is preferably equal to 72% or less, measured for a glass thickness of 2.8 mm, and a blue-gray coloration defined by the following chromatic coordinates: a*=?4 to +1, preferably ?2 to 0; and b*=?6 to +3, preferably ?2 to 0. The substrates obtained advantageously have a reflection brightness (R) of less than 10 Cd/m2.

Abstract: An optical member comprising OD-doped silica glass, optionally doped with fluorine. The optical member is particularly advantageous for use in connection with radiation having a wavelength shorter than about 248 nm. In certain embodiments the optical member can be advantageously used for wavelength as short as about 157 nm.

Abstract: A synthetic quartz glass substrate having (i) an OH concentration of 1-100 ppm and a hydrogen molecule concentration of 1×1016-1×1019 molecules/cm3, (ii) an in-plane variation of its internal transmission at wavelength 193.4 nm which is up to 0.2%, and (iii) an internal transmission of at least 99.6% at wavelength 193.4 nm is suited for use with excimer lasers.

Abstract: Process for producing an inorganic-inorganic composite material, in which an open-pore, crystalline oxide ceramic shaped part is produced from an oxide ceramic powder or a powder of an oxide ceramic mixture after shape-imparting processing and presintering, an infiltration substance is applied to this shaped part in vacuo and at room temperature, and the oxide ceramic is sintered in a densifying manner under an air atmosphere and at ambient pressure to form an inorganic-inorganic composite material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel binder and slurry formulations used to form molds for casting metal alloys and, more particularly, reactive metal alloys. The shell molds lead to more uniform castings which exhibit limited alpha case as compared to other currently available shell mold systems.

Abstract: A synthetic quartz glass for an optical member, which is to be used in an optical device employing an ArF excimer laser beam as a light source at an energy density of at most 2 mJ/cm2/pulse or in an optical device employing a KrF excimer laser beam as a light source at an energy density of at most 30 mJ/cm2/pulse, characterized in that the hydrogen molecule concentration is within a range of at least 1×1016 molecules/cm3 and less than 5×1016 molecules/cm3.

Abstract: An F-doped silica glass, a process for making the glass, an optical member comprising the glass, and an optical system comprising such optical member. The glass material comprises 0.1-5000 ppm by weight of fluorine. The glass material according to certain embodiments of the present invention has low polarization-induced birefringence, low LIWFD and low induced absorption at 193 nm.

Abstract: Pyrogenic silicon dioxde powder with a BET surface area of 30 to 90 m2/g, a DBP index of 80 or less, a mean aggregate area of less than 25000 nm2 and a mean aggregate circumference of less than 1000 nm, wherein at least 70% of the aggregates have a circumference of less than 1300 nm, It is prepared by mixing at least one silicon compound in vapour form, a free-oxygen-containing gas and a combustible gas in a burner of known construction, igniting this gas mixture at the mouth of the burner and burning it in the flame tube of the burner, separating the solid obtained from the gas mixture and optionally purifying, wherein the oxygen content of the free-oxygen-containing gas is adjusted so that the lambda value is greater than or equal to 1, the gamma value is between 1.2 and 1.8, the throughput is between 0.1 and 0.3 kg SiO2/m3 of core gas mixture and the mean normalised rate of flow of gas in the flame tube at the level of the mouth of the burner is at least 5 m/s. The powder can be used as a filler.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture for the production of a vat-dyed amber glass; an amber glass formed from the vitrifiable mixture, based on a silico-sodo-calcic composition; and a method for the production of tubes and blanks (2) for bulbs (1) using said glass. The mixture contains 100% by weight of the following ingredients: 0.01%-1% by weight molybdenum bisulphur and 0.01%-7% strontium sulphur by weight. The glass thus obtained is devoid of harmful products such as cadmium and no additional heat treatment is required in order to obtain the desired colour thereof.

Abstract: A family of glasses from the SiO2—Al2O3—P2O5 ternary system exhibiting high strain point, transparency, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. The glasses have the following composition, expressed in mol percent and calculated from the glass batch on an oxide basis: 55-80 SiO2, 12-30 Al2O3, and 2-15 P2O5.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical synthetic quartz glass material which substantially does not cause changes in transmitted wave surface (TWS) by solarization, compaction (TWS delayed), rarefaction (TWS progressed) and photorefractive effect when ArF excimer laser irradiation is applied at a low energy density, e.g. at energy density per pulse of 0.3 mJ/cm2 or less. The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the same. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the optical synthetic quartz glass material of the present invention is characterized in that, in a synthetic quartz glass prepared by a flame hydrolysis method using a silicon compound as a material, the followings are satisfied that the amount of SiOH is within a range of more than 10 ppm by weight to 400 ppm by weight, content of fluorine is 30 to 1000 ppm by weight, content of hydrogen is 0.

Abstract: Nanoscale particles, particle coatings/particle arrays and corresponding consolidated materials are described based on an ability to vary the composition involving a wide range of metal and/or metalloid elements and corresponding compositions. In particular, metalloid oxides and metal-metalloid compositions are described in the form of improved nanoscale particles and coatings formed from the nanoscale particles. Compositions comprising rare earth metals and dopants/additives with rare earth metals are described. Complex compositions with a range of host compositions and dopants/additives can be formed using the approaches described herein. The particle coating can take the form of particle arrays that range from collections of disbursable primary particles to fused networks of primary particles forming channels that reflect the nanoscale of the primary particles. Suitable materials for optical applications are described along with some optical devices of interest.

Abstract: A silica glass containing from 3 to 10 mass % of TiO2, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion from 0 to 100° C., i.e. CTE0 to 100, of 0±300 ppb/° C. and an internal transmittance per mm in thickness within a wavelength region of from 200 to 700 nm, i.e. T200 to 700, of at most 80%.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide synthetic quartz glass optical materials suitable for use in YAG of higher order harmonics. The damage threshold value in J/cm2 (energy density at which cracks occur generated by irradiation) is to be considered when synthetic quartz glass material is irradiated with YAG laser of third or higher order harmonics with single pulses or continuously. Regarding a synthetic quartz glass optical material in use for the optical parts constituting the prism and lens used in a laser beam machine, this invention provides a synthetic quartz glass material suitably used for the YAG laser with the third or higher order of harmonic, choosing the following conditions: OH group concentration is in the range of ?1 to ?300 ppm; contained hydrogen molecule concentration is in the range of ?2×1018 to ?2×1019 molecules/cm3; transmittance of ultraviolet rays at 245 nm of wavelength is 99.9% or more; and the fictive temperature is in the range of ?880 to ?990° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a synthetic silica glass optical material having high resistance to optical damage by ultraviolet radiation in the ultraviolet wavelength range, particularly in the wavelength region of less than about 250 nm and particularly, exhibiting a low laser induced density change. The synthetic silica glass optical material of the present invention contains at least about 0.1 ppm of aluminum and H2 concentration levels greater than about 0.5×1017 molecules/cm2. Additionally, the synthetic silica optical material of the present invention exhibits an H2 to Al ratio of greater than about 1.2, as measured in ×1017/cm3 molecules H2 per ppm Al.

Abstract: An optical glass has optical constants of a refractive index (nd) within a range from 1.73 to less than 1.80 and an Abbe number (?d) within a range from 43 to 55, comprises SiO2, B2O3, Y2O3, La2O3, ZnO and Li2O as essential components, is substantially free of lead component, arsenic component and fluorine component, has a ratio of SiO2/B2O3 of 0.30 to 1.55 and a ratio of Y2O3/La2O3 of 0.15 to 1.00, and has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 620° C. or below.

Abstract: A composition with a Mohs hardness of at least 6.0, wherein said composition contains at least 30 weight percent of spinel crystals, at least 10 weight percent of glass, and less than 10 weight percent of ferrometalsilicate. The composition also contains particles with a particle size distribution such that at least about 95 weight percent of such particles are smaller than about 2.0 millimeters; at least about 70 weight percent of such particles have a particle shape that is either the blocky particle shape or the pyramidal particle shape. At least 20 weight percent of the spinel crystals are equiaxed spinel crystals; the weight/weight ratio of said spinel crystals to said glass is at least 1.2/1; the composition has a melting point in excess of 1440 degrees Celsius; and the composition has a density of from about 3.0 to about 4.5.

Abstract: A two-layer ceramic composite material, wherein the first predominantly load-bearing layer is an oxidic, carbon-free fiber-reinforced ceramic layer which is made by a colloidal process. The second predominantly thermally insulating layer is an oxide-ceramic foam. The colloidal process produces carbon-free oxide ceramics which, because of their high purity, have low dielectric losses in the entire usage temperature range. In addition, the colloidal process provides a simple and cost-effective production method.

Abstract: The invention provides porous silicon nitride ceramics that having uniform, fine closed pores and a manufacturing method thereof. Metal Si powder is mixed with a sintering additive, followed by thermal treatment, which is a pre-process for forming a specific grain boundary phase. Two-stage thermal treatment is thereafter performed by microwave heating at a temperature of 1000° C. or more. The metal Si powder is thereafter subjected to a nitriding reaction from its surface, the metal Si is thereafter diffused to nitride formed on the outer shell thereof such that porous silicon nitride ceramics having uniform, fine closed pores can be produced. Having a high ratio of closed pores and being superior in electrical/mechanical characteristics, the porous silicon nitride ceramics can display excellent characteristics if used, for example, for an electronic circuit board that requires an anti-hygroscopicity, a low dielectric constant, a low dielectric loss, and mechanical strength.

Abstract: A ceramic tile includes a ceramic core material and an oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC), where the ceramic core material has at least one surface covered by the oxide CMC. The oxide CMC includes a ceramic fiber, with a cured metal oxide ceramic material impregnating the ceramic fiber. An exemplary embodiment of the ceramic tile provided as part of the invention further includes a tough low temperature cure coating (TLTC) which infiltrates the ceramic core surface before it is covered by the oxide CMC. The TLTC includes a cured ceramic powder together with a binder. The metal oxide ceramic material impregnating the ceramic fiber, and the TLTC are co-cured, meaning that neither is cured when the CMC is wrapped around a surface of the TLTC-infiltrated ceramic core, and a curing step is performed on both uncured ceramic materials at the same time.

Abstract: Fused silica articles exhibiting improved internal transmission and decreased absorption change when irradiated with a laser when compared with fused silica articles containing lower levels of aluminum. The articles also exhibit induced transmission when irradiated with a laser. The articles also exhibit improved off-axis refractive index homogeneity.

Abstract: Pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxide with the following physicochemical properties: 1. Average particle size (D50 value) D50?150 nm (dynamic light scattering, 30 wt %) 2. Viscosity (5 rpm, 30 wt %) ??100 m·Pas 3. Thixotropy of Ti (?(5 rpm))/(?(50 rpm))?2 4. BET surface area 30-60 m2/g 5. Compacted bulk=100-160 g/L 6. Original pH?4.5 that can be used for the preparation of dispersions and glass bodies.

Abstract: A flexible insulation blanket having a smoothly surfaced, secondarily bonded, ceramic matrix composite (CMC) outer layer, and a method of producing a flexible insulation blanket having a secondarily bonded CMC layer by forming a CMC prepreg layer comprising a woven ceramic fabric layer impregnated with a pre-ceramic slurry and layering the prepreg layer with a flexible insulation blanket. The blanket and prepreg layer are then compressed such that the prepreg layer abuts a rigid smoothly surfaced plate and the ceramic material is cured by heating while under compression. Pressure is then released and the insulation is fired to sinter the ceramic material of the CMC layer.

Abstract: A sol-gel process allowing preparation, on a substrate, of glassy films of silicon oxide or mixed oxides based on silicon oxide, of thickness above 1 micrometer, generally between 2 and 20 micrometers and characterized by absence of defects, that turn out to be particularly suitable as waveguides in flat optical devices.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersion comprising silicon/titanium mixed oxide powder with a BET surface area of 5 to 500 m2/g which has been prepared by flame hydrolysis and has a titanium dioxide content of 0.5 to 20 wt. %, based on the powder, water and at least one pH-regulating substance which can be removed completely from the reaction mixture on heating, the aqueous dispersion having a solids content of between 40 and 80 wt. %. A green body produced therefrom with a green density of between 40 and 85%. A shaped glass article of optical quality with a coefficient of thermal expansion of not more than 0.5×10?6/K produced from the green body.

Abstract: Nanoscale particles, particle coatings/particle arrays and corresponding consolidated materials are described based on an ability to vary the composition involving a wide range of metal and/or metalloid elements and corresponding compositions. In particular, metalloid oxides and metal-metalloid compositions are described in the form of improved nanoscale particles and coatings formed from the nanoscale particles. Compositions comprising rare earth metals and dopants/additives with rare earth metals are described. Complex compositions with a range of host compositions and dopants/additives can be formed using the approaches described herein. The particle coating can take the form of particle arrays that range from collections of disbursable primary particles to fused networks of primary particles forming channels that reflect the nanoscale of the primary particles. Suitable materials for optical applications are described along with some optical devices of interest.

Abstract: A flexible insulation blanket having a smoothly surfaced, secondarily bonded, ceramic matrix composite (CMC) outer layer, and a method of producing a flexible insulation blanket having a secondarily bonded CMC layer by forming a CMC prepreg layer comprising a woven ceramic fabric layer impregnated with a pre-ceramic slurry and layering the prepreg layer with a flexible insulation blanket. The blanket and prepreg layer are then compressed such that the prepreg layer abuts a rigid smoothly surfaced plate and the ceramic material is cured by heating while under compression. Pressure is then released and the insulation is fired to center the ceramic material of the CMC layer.

Abstract: The invention provides coated optical lithography elements and methods of coating optical elements, and particularly optical photolithography elements for use in below 240 nm optical photolithography systems utilizing vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV) lithography wavelengths no greater than about 193 nm, such as VUV projection lithography systems utilizing wavelengths in the 193 nm or 157 nm region. The optical devices manipulate vacuum ultraviolet lithography light less than 250 nm utilizing a deposited silicon oxyfluoride film. The deposited silicon oxyfluoride optical coating assists in the manipulation of incident light and protects the underlying optical materials, layers, and surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to bismuth oxide glass, containing germanium oxide, a method for the production thereof, the use thereof and a glass fiber consisting of said inventive glass.

Abstract: The invention relates to an essentially lead free glass. The lead free glass is suitable for making glass tubes and glass tubes for electric lamps in particular. The essentially lead free glass is characterized by having the lead oxide of a lead glass replaced by 1.0-3.0% by weight of lithium oxide. The ultraviolet radiation absorption of the glass is improved for wavelengths shorter than 320 nm. by the presence of 0.1-0.3% by weight of cerium oxide (CeO2) and 0.05-0.15% by weight of titanium dioxide (TiO2). With such an essentially lead free glass the transmittance of visible radiation may also be improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crystalline composition, a poly-crystalline product and an article of manufacture comprising an amount of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, Cr2O3, ZnO, MgO, Na2O, Li2O, CeO2, ZrO2 and MnO2 and methods for preparation the same.

Abstract: An optical amplifying glass comprising 100 parts by mass of a matrix glass and from 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of Er doped to the matrix glass, wherein the matrix glass comprises Bi2O3, at least one of B2O3 and SiO2, at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ga2O3, WO3 and TeO2, and La2O3 in such a ratio that Bi2O3 is from 20 to 80 mol %, B2O3+SiO2 is from 5 to 75 mol %, Ga2O3+WO3+TeO2 is from 0.1 to 35 mol %, and La2O3 is from 0.01 to 15 mol %.

Abstract: A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition for fusing glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles. A method of glass fusing metal motor vehicle and building industry articles using a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix. A method of glass fusing metal motor vehicle and building industry articles with a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition. A method of fusing single or multiple layers of glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles.

Abstract: A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition for fusing glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles. A method of glass fusing metal motor vehicle and building industry articles using a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix. A method of glass fusing metal motor vehicle and building industry articles with a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition. A method of fusing single or multiple layers of glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles.

Abstract: The direct-write pulsed UV laser technique combined with the variable laser exposure fabrication method entails the precise variation of the laser irradiance during pattern formation in the photostructurable glass for variable laser exposing processing. The variable laser exposure patterning utilizes the dependence of the chemical etching rate on the controlled laser exposure dose for forming variable laser irradiated and crystallized regions of the exposed glass, that have variable etch rates that are dependent on the laser irradiance, resulting in the formation of high and low aspect ratio features in a common substrate that are realized during a single, maskless etch step.

Abstract: High purity silicon oxyfluoride glass suitable for use as a photomask substrates for photolithography applications in the VUV wavelength region below 190 nm is disclosed with the silicon oxyfluoride glass having a preferred fluorine content<0.5 weight percent. The inventive silicon oxyfluoride glass is transmissive at wavelengths around 157 nm, making it particularly useful as a photomask substrate at the 157 nm wavelength region. The inventive photomask substrate is a “dry,” silicon oxyfluoride glass which exhibits very high transmittance in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength region while maintaining the excellent thermal and physical properties generally associated with high purity fused silica. In addition to containing fluorine and having little or no OH content, the inventive silicon oxyfluoride glass suitable for use as a photomask substrate at 157 nm is also characterized by having less than 1×1017 molecules/cm3 of molecular hydrogen and low chlorine levels.

Abstract: Glazing, thermally tempered to required standards, are produced more readily by tempering panes having a high coefficient of thermal expansion (greater than 93×10−7 per degree Centigrade) and for a low Fracture Toughness (less than 0.72 MPam½). Use of glasses selected according to the invention enables thin glazings (especially glazings less than 3 mm thick) to be tempered to automotive standard with improved yields using conventional tempering methods, and thicker glazings to be tempered at lower quench pressure than required hitherto. Suitable glasses include glasses comprising, in percentages by weight, 64 to 75% SiO2, 0 to 5% Al2O3, 0 to 5% B2O3, 9 to 16% alkaline earth metal oxide other than MgO, 0 to 2% MgO, 15 to 18% alkali mental oxide and at least 0.

Abstract: An insulative ceramic compact is composed of a fired mixture of (A) a MgAl2O4, Mg3B2O6 and/or Mg2B205 ceramic powder, and (B) a glass powder including from about 13 to 50% by weight of silicon oxide in terms of SiO2, from 8 to 60% by weight of boron oxide in terms of B2O3, about 20% by weight or less of aluminum oxide in terms of Al2O3, and from about 10 to 55% by weight of magnesium oxide in terms of MgO. The insulative ceramic compact can be obtained by firing at low temperatures of about 1000° C. or less, can be obtained by sintering with Ag or Cu, has a low dielectric constant and a high Q value, and is suitable for use in the high-frequency range.

Abstract: A pyrogenic process is used to prepare alkali-doped silica particles. Particles produced by this process exhibit homogeneous doping, reduced agglomeration, greater stability and higher removal rates. Aqueous dispersions containing alkali-doped pyrogenic silica with average particle size less than 100 nm are used for polishing surfaces (CMP).

Abstract: A glass includes (a) a matrix containing a compound of at least one nonmetallic element; and (b) a particle selectively formed in the matrix. This particle is made of the at least one nonmetallic element. A process for producing such glass includes (a) providing a blank glass containing a compound of at least one nonmetallic element; (b) condensing a pulsed laser beam to a focal point in the blank glass such that a particle is selectively formed in the blank glass at a position corresponding to the focal point, the particle being made of the at least one nonmetallic element dissociated from the compound; and (c) moving the focal point in the blank glass to produce a pattern of the particle. The glass is suitable for optical functional elements.