Abstract: 1. A mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula 8 I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a straight chain or branch chain allyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms, wherein --CH.sub.2 -- in the alkyl group may be substituted by ##STR2## on condition that hetero atoms are not adjacent each other, R.sup.2 may be hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group and trifluoromethyl group; n is 0 or 1, with the proviso that A.sup.1 denotes a single bond, ##STR3## when n is 0, A.sup.1 denotes a single bond when n is 1; A.sup.2 denotes any one of ##STR4## and X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 denote independently any one of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group and trifluoromethyl group, with proviso that X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 may not be all hydrogen atoms; Y denotes any one of ##STR5## a single bond.

Abstract: Initiators for cationic polymerization by thermal activation, photochemical activation (UV-irradiation) or activation by electron bombardment are compounds wherein a heterocyclic, aryl substituted or aryl ring is fused to a sulfonium moiety in combination with a non-nucleophilic anion. During the activation of the initiator, a carbon-sulfur bond is broken leading to formation of a sulfide and a carbonium ion within the same molecule. The carbonium ion initiates the polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides certain (substituted carbocyclic aryl)amidoalkyl-and (substituted heterocyclic aryl)amidoalkyl-N-Hydroxy urea compounds which inhibit lipoxygenase enzyme activity and are thus useful in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory disease states.

Abstract: Flavoring and perfume compositions as well as flavored foodstuffs and allied products and also perfumed products characterized by a content of one or more substituted thiophenes with the formula ##STR1## wherein none, one or two of the dotted lines represent a double bond with the proviso that no cumulated double bonds are present.

Abstract: A mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 3-18 carbon atoms capable of including one or more methylene groups which can be replaced with at least one species of ##STR2## with the proviso that --O-- cannot directly be connected to --O--, and R.sup.2 can also be halogen, --CN or --CF.sub.3 ; X denotes ##STR3## --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2 ; A denotes ##STR4## and m and n are respecitvely 0 or 1 with the proviso that m+n=0 or 1. The mesomorphic compound is effective for providing a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition showing an improved low-temperature operation characteristic and a decreased temperature-dependence of response speed.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein A, B, and C are hydrogen, halogen, or azido; D is hydrogen, halogen, azido, or OH; A and B or C and D can be replaced with a double bond; R is an aldohexose, aldohexosamine, or N-acetyl aldohexosamine, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or alkyl groups of from C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 ; W is oxygen or sulfur; X is oxygen, sulfur, or CH.sub.2 ; Y is a purine or pyrimidine base, and Z is carbon, sulfur, or oxygen. Y can be any purine or pyrimidine base, natural or synthetic, which combines with a sugar to form a biologically active nucleoside. In combination with an appropriate pharmaceutical carrier, the compositions have enhanced activity or increased intracellular absorbment over the parent nucleoside as a function of the 5'-O-diphosphosugar.

Abstract: A mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X denotes any one of a single bond, --O--, ##STR2## Y denotes ##STR3## or --CH.sub.2 O--; and Z denotes any one of --O--, ##STR4## .

Abstract: A mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.1 denotes any one of a single bond, --O--, ##STR2## X.sub.2 denotes any one of a single bond, --O--, ##STR3## Z.sub.1 denotes any one of ##STR4## --CH.sub.2 O-- and --CH.dbd.C(CN)--; and A.sub.1 denotes --A.sub.2 -- or --A.sub.2 --A.sub.3 -- wherein A.sub.2 and A.sub.

Abstract: A ruthenium catalyzed method to synthesize cyclic sulfate compounds from the corresponding cyclic sulfites, and the cyclic sulfate reaction products obtained by this method. These cyclic sulfates further react with selected nucleophiles to give various substituted products. The method is an efficient means for the synthesis of chiral building blocks from tartaric acid enantiomers in high yields using an overall two-stage, one-pot reaction procedure. The chiral compounds can be transformed by nucleophilic reactions into chiral building blocks useful for the synthesis of natural biologically active products, such as antibiotics and pheromones.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula, including isomers and tautomers thereof: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 are as defined in the text; the compounds have herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties; including compositions containing them, methods for using them and intermediates for making them.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y are independently --CH.sub.2 -- or >C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ; Z is --CHR.sup.8 --, >CO, >CR.sup.8 OR.sup.7, --CHR.sup.8 --CHR.sup.8 --, --CHOR.sup.7 --CH.sub.2 --, --CO--CHOR.sup.7 or --CHOR.sup.7 --CHOR.sup.7 --; R.sup.1 is a 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heterocyclic group which optionally can be C-substituted by halogen, lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy, acyloxy, nitro, hydroxy, amino, lower-alkylamino or di-lower-alkylamino and/or which can be substituted on a ring --NH-- group by lower-alkyl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen, lower-alkyl, trifluoromethyl or halogen and one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 always is trifluoromethyl or lower-alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or halogen; R.sup.6 is hydrogen, lower-alkyl or --OR.sup.7 ; R.sup.7 is hydrogen, lower-alkyl or acyl; R.sup.8 is hydrogen or lower-alkyl; and R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: A ruthenium catalyzed method to synthesize cyclic sulfate compounds from the corresponding cyclic sulfites, and the cyclic sulfate reaction products obtained by this method. These cyclic sulfates further react with selected nucleophiles to give various substituted products. The method is an efficient means for the synthesis of chiral building blocks from tartaric acid enantiomers in high yields using an overall two-stage, one-pot reaction procedure. The chiral compounds can be transformed by nucleophilic reactions into chiral building blocks useful for the synthesis of natural biologically active products, such as antibiotics and pheromones.

Abstract: A saturated heterocyclic carboxamide derivative of the following general formula (I) and salts thereof which have platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonizing activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 3-heteroaryl-2-fluoro-1-olefins and their pharmacological use as dopamine beta-hydroxylase DBH inhibitors in the treatment of DBH mediated conditions such as hypertension.

Abstract: N-Homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cobalamin is useful for decreasing the induction of chemically-induced tumors in animals. It is also useful for inhibiting weight gain.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active alcohols by reducing ketones using mono- or diisopinocampheylhaloboranes as reducing agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lipase substrate of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an alkylene or alkenylene radical containing up to 16 carbon atoms, R and R.sub.1, which can be the same or different, each signify an alkyl, alkenyl or acyl radical containing up to 20 carbon atoms or an optionally alkyl-substituted aryl or aralkyl radical containing up to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety and wherein one of R and R.sub.1 can also be a hydrogen atom, X is the residue of an aromatic hydroxy or thiol compound, and each Y and Z, independently from each other, is --S-- or --O--, Z also --CH.sub.2 --.The present invention also provides a process and a reagent for the optical determination of lipase.

Abstract: Naphthalene derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring; each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a group of the formula: --OR.sup.5, --NHR.sup.5 or ##STR2## or either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a lower alkoxy group and the other one is a group of the formula: --OR.sup.5, --NHR.sup.5 or ##STR3## each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a lower alkoxy group, or one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a lower alkoxy group and the other is a hydrogen atom; R.sup.5 is a substituted alkyl group, a heterocyclic group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkyl group of at least 5 carbon atoms or alkenyl group; and each of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and salts thereof are disclosed. Said naphthalene derivative (I) and its salts have excellent hypolipidemic activity and are useful for treatment or prophylaxis of hyperlipidemia and/or arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: Water-soluble sulfonium salts are converted, without the elimination of odorous volatile by-products, to water-insoluble products useful as binders in coating formulations by heating a water-soluble cyclic sulfonium salt in which the sulfonium sulfur is bonded only to aliphatic carbons.

Abstract: Hypoglycemic 5-furyl and 5-thienyl derivatives of oxazolidine-2,4-dione and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof; certain 3-acylated derivatives thereof; and intermediates useful in the preparation of said compounds.

Abstract: Alpha-L-Aspartyl-D-heteroaromatic-substituted glycine esters and amides are disclosed to be useful as high intensity sweeteners. These compounds can be used to sweeten a variety of foods, beverages and other oral products.

Abstract: The present invention provides propenylamines useful as anti-mycotic agents.

Abstract: The invention is a method of increasing the yield of chloromethylthiophene produced by the addition of concentrated aqueous formaldehyde solution to a mixture of thiophene and concentrated hydrochloric acid and passing in a rapid stream of gaseous hydrogen chloride. The improvement comprises increasing the rate of addition of the gaseous hydrogen chloride from about 0.6 moles per mole of thiophene per hour to about 1.5 moles per mole of thiophene per hour to increase product yield.

Abstract: Tetramethylene sulfoxide and its substituted derivatives have been found to be exceptionally potent inhibitors of oxidation of alcohols by liver alcohol dehydrogenases.

Abstract: 2-Alkylidene-1,3-dioxolanes and 2-(1-alkylalkylidene)-1,3-dioxolanes are employed as acid acceptors in methylchloroform, trichloroethylene or mixtures thereof. The preferred acid acceptor is 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane.In another aspect of the invention, aliphatic aldehyde hydrazone is employed to stabilize 2-alkylidene-1,3-dioxolane and 2-(1-alkylalkylidene)-1,3-dioxolane. The preferred aliphatic aldehyde hydrazone is acetaldehyde dimethylhydrazone.

Abstract: A novel ethynylation process is disclosed which provides an expanded series of novel ethylnyl-terminated aromatic compounds having base sensitive substituents and which facilitates the economic preparation of prior art ethynyl-substituted aromatic compounds.

Abstract: m-Hydroxyphenyl substituted compounds of formula ##STR1## where R is an organic radical and R.sup.1 is hydroen or an organic radical are prepared by dehydrohalogenating a compound of formula ##STR2## (where X is chlorine or bromine, and R and R.sup.1 have the above meanings). Preferred novel starting materials of formula (II) are of the formula ##STR3## (where R.sup.1 and X are as above, n is 2,3 or 4, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, cycloalkyl(lower)alkyl or aryl(lower)alkyl).

Abstract: 2-Alkylidene-1,3-dioxolanes and 2-(1-alkylalkylidene)-1,3-dioxolanes are employed as acid acceptors in methylchloroform, trichloroethylene or mixtures thereof. The preferred acid acceptor is 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane.In another aspect of the invention, aliphatic aldehyde hydrazone is employed to stabilize 2-alkylidene-1,3-dioxolane and 2-(1-alkylalkylidene)-1,3-dioxolane. The preferred aliphatic aldehyde hydrazone is acetaldehyde dimethylhydrazone.

Abstract: Peresters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group; and ##STR2## light-absorbing chromophore group; and use thereof as photoinitiators are provided.

Abstract: There are provided di- tri- and tetrasubstituted N-nitroaniline compounds and inorganic and organic salts thereof which are effective for increasing axillary branching, improving canopy and enhancing flowering of herbaceous ornamental plants and graminaceous crops, leguminous crops, cotton and sunflowers. The salts are also effective as yield enhancing agents and lodging inhibitors for the crops.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel [(5,6,9a-substituted-3-oxo-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]alkanoi c and cycloalkanoic acids and their analogs, esters, salts and derivatives. These compounds are synthesized by methods selected from a number of synthetic routes depending on the particular structure, choice of intermediate or preferred reaction sequence. The compounds are useful in the treatment and prevention of injury to the brain and spinal chord due to accidents, ischemic stroke and hydrocephalus; compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel [(5,6,9a-substituted-3-oxo-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]alkanoi c and cycloalkanoic acids, and their analogs, esters, salts and derivatives. These compounds are synthesized by methods selected from a number of synthetic routes depending on the particular structure, choice of intermediate or preferred reaction sequence. The compounds are useful in the treatment and prevention of injury to the brain and spinal chord due to accidents, ischemic stroke and hydrocephalus; compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: [Hydroxy(organosulfonyloxy)iodo]arenes are synthesized in neutral organic solvents by the reaction of ring-substituted [hydroxy(organosulfonyloxy)iodo]benzenes with iodoarenes via ligand transfer. The produced compounds are reacted with (triorganosilyl) arenes or (trihalosilyl)arenes in neutral organic solvents to produce diaryliodonium salts. The diaryliodonium salt synthesis proceeds in regiospecific fashion, aryliodination occurring at the point of attachment of the silicon atom in the silylarenes.

Abstract: Asymmetrical N-substituted bis-carbamoyl sulfide compounds exhibit exceptional broad spectrum pesticidal activity coupled with extremely low mammalian toxicity and phytotoxicity.

Abstract: Sensitizers for photoconductive compositions and elements are disclosed. The sensitizers are 2,4,6 tri substituted pyrylium dye salts wherein at least one of said substituents is a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring having at least one atom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel [(5,6,9a-substituted-3-oxo-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]alkanoi c and cycloalkanoic acid and their analogs, esters, salts and derivatives. These compounds are synthesized by methods selected from a number of synthetic routes depending on the particular structure, choice of intermediate or preferred reaction sequence. The compounds are useful in the treatment and prevention of injury to the brain and spinal chord due to accidents, ischemic stroke and hydrocephalus; compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: Hypoglycemic 5-furyl and 5-thienyl derivatives of oxazolidine-2,4-dione and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof; certain 3-acylated derivatives thereof; and intermediates useful in the preparation of said compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel [(5,6,9a-substituted-3-oxo-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-fluoren-7-yl)-oxy]alkano ic and cycloalkanoic acids and their analogs, esters, salts and derivatives. These compounds are synthesized by methods selected from a number of synthetic routes depending on the particular structure, choice of intermediate or preferred reaction sequence. The compounds are useful in the treatment and prevention of injury to the brain and spinal chord due to accidents, ischemic stroke and hydrocephalus; compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel [(5,6,9a-substituted-3-oxo-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-fluoren-7-yl)-oxy]alkano ic and cycloalkanoic acids and their analogs, esters, salts and derivatives. These compounds are synthesized by methods selected from a number of synthetic routes depending on the particular structure, choice of intermediate or preferred reaction sequence. The compounds are useful in the treatment and prevention of injury to the brain and spinal chord due to accidents, ischemic stroke and hydrocephalus; compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: An intermolecular compound of an amino acid containing a sulfonic acid group and a carboxylic acid group with a sulfoxide in which the amino acid is at least moderately soluble.A method which comprises reacting an amino acid containing a sulfonic acid group and a carboxylic acid group with a sulfoxide in which the amino acid is at least moderately soluble.A method for recovering an amino acid containing a sulfonic acid group and a carboxylic acid group from an admixture of the amino acid with other ingredients by adding thereto a sulfoxide in which the amino acid is moderately soluble, with the sulfoxide being added in a sufficient amount to solubilize the amino acid, separating an intermolecular compound of the amino acid with the sulfoxide, and then recovering the amino acid from its intermolecular compound.

Abstract: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyltetrahydrothieno[2,3-c] or [3,2-c] pyridines are prepared by cyclization of a N-thienylmethyl-2-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethanolamine. These compounds have renal vasodilating activity. A species is 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts or esters.

Abstract: Bis-[N-Alkyl-N-arylcarbamate] sulfide compounds exhibit outstanding miticidal and insecticidal activity, coupled with substantially reduced mammalian toxicity, and phytotoxicity.

Abstract: A method of producing thiophene, residing in interacting diacetylene with sodium sulphide in a mixture of an aprotic polar solvent with water, in a weight ratio 50-90:50-10, respectively, or in water at a temperature of 20.degree.-100.degree. C. The method ensures quantitative yield of thiophene with a high degree of purity (more than 99.0% by gas-liquid chromatography). The method is technologically simple and does not require complicated equipment.

Abstract: A decarboxylation process for coupling aromatic compounds wherein cyclic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds having at least one labile ring hydrogen are reacted with the mono silver salts of aromatic carboxylic acids, or mono silver salts of unsaturated compounds such as .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acid compounds, or silver trifluoroacetate, or the mono silver salts are reacted with themselves, by heating to temperatures of 100.degree. to 500.degree. C. at pressures of 0.1 to 10 atmospheres, or by irradiating the reactants with ultraviolet light of 200 to 400 nanometers at temperatures of -30.degree. to 150.degree. C. The resulting dimers, trimers, polysubstituted polyphenyls, polyheterocyclics and trifluoromethylated aromatics are useful as heat transfer media, as intermediates for high molecular weight polymers, pesticides and petroleum additives, and as scintillation counters.