Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprises a charge generation layer containing a phthalocyanine compound as a charge generation material and a charge transfer layer containing a charge transfer material of a hole transfer type, the charge generation layer and the charge transfer layer are laminated on a conductive support, wherein the charge generation layer has an ionization potential of at least 5.6 eV.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includingat least one photographic imaging layer anda partially electrically conductive overcoat layer includingfinely divided charge injection enabling particles dispersed ina charge transporting continuous matrix including a cross linked polyamide, charge transport molecules and oxidized charge transport molecules, the continuous matrix being formed from a solution selected from the group includinga first solution includingcrosslinkable alcohol soluble polyamide containing methoxy methyl groups attached to amide nitrogen atoms,an acid having a pK.sub.

Abstract: Coated paper stocks for electrostatic imaging comprising a substrate coated on at least one surface with a resin layer comprised of olefinic material and a pin-hole free, continuous coating layer over said resin layer. The continuous layer has a glass transition temperature above 100.degree. C. and is comprised of one or more natural or synthetic film forming polymers. As a single layer this continuous coating layer functions as both a heat protective and imaging layer. In an alternate embodiment two separate coating layers are provided with separate heat protective and imaging functionalities.

Abstract: Carbon fluoride particles in which a number-average particle size is 0.01 to 50 .mu.m, a content of particles having such a diameter that the particles size distribution falls with in range of the number-average particle size .+-.20% amounts to at least 50% of the whole, a true specific gravity is 1.7 to 2.5, a F/C as a whole is 0.001 to 0.5, and a F/C at the surface is always larger than the F/C as a whole and is 0.1 to 2. 0. These carbon fluoride partilces are obtainable by reacting carbon particles with fluorine at 350.degree. to 600.degree. C. for one minute to six hours.

Abstract: A medium (for example, a solution) containing a dye is in contact with an image forming material in which a PN junction or a PIN junction is formed on the substrate. When the image forming material is irradiated with light, the PN junction or the PIN junction generates an electromotive force, whereby the dye is deposited on the portion where the electromotive force is generated to form an image.

Abstract: A color image forming method, including the steps of: charging a front surface of a photoreceptor; conducting image wise exposure onto the charged front surface from a rear surface of the photoreceptor so that a latent image is formed on the front surface; developing the latent image with a color toner so that a color toner image is formed on the front surface; and repeating the steps of charging, conducting image wise exposure and developing so that a multicolor toner image is formed on the front surface; in which a secondary color of the multicolor toner image, which consists of two color toner images, is formed in a manner that the two color toner images are formed by conducting the image wise exposure at a same exposure amount; and the first one of the two color toner images is formed by conducting the image wise exposure at an exposure amount which creates a potential smaller than that of already formed primary color of the multicolor toner image, which consists of single color toner image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a lithographic printing plate using a lithographic printing plate precursor comprising a support having a volume resistivity of more than 1.times.10.sup.10 .OMEGA..cm, an electrically conductive layer provided on one surface of the support and having a volume resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.5 .OMEGA..cm or less and a photoconductive layer provided on the electrically conductive layer and containing zinc oxide and a binder, the process comprising applying negative corona discharge to the lithographic printing plate precursor from the photoconductive layer side and at this discharging, contacting an electric conductor having an earth potential at least with the support of the lithographic printing plate precursor to electrically charging the photoconductive layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus with improved blue sensitivity comprises: a) a charging means; b) an exposure means, which includes light of a wavelength between 350 and 500 nanometers, and c) a photoconductive element comprising an electrically conductive base, two or more charge generation layers, at least one charge transport layer, and a protective layer comprising plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon, wherein the fluorine content of the protective layer is equal to or greater than 2.2 and less than 65 atomic percent. A method of making an image is also disclosed.

Abstract: An image forming method and an image forming apparatus achieve a high developing speed and high transferring efficiency. The method forms a latent image on the surface of an image carrier that repels a coloring liquid, attaches an affinity agent (containing fine silica grains) that has affinity for the coloring liquid, onto the latent image with the electrostatic force, and attaches the coloring liquid onto the affinity agent on the latent image, to visualize the latent image. The method efficiently transfers the visualized image having the affinity agent to a recording medium, to provide a fixed image.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming method which is featured by the advantages such as a high-quality image, a relatively high speed operation, a low running cost, energy saving, resource saving and friendliness to both environments and users.First, there is prepared an image forming medium which comprises on an electroconductive substrate an electroconductive polymer layer capable of taking in and holding an ionic dye as a result of the change in at least two states selected from the group consisting of an oxidized state, a neutral state and a reduced state of the electroconductive polymer and which holds an ionic dye. Next, an image receiving medium, which has OH.sup.- ions having the same polarity as that of the ionic dye held in the electroconductive polymer layer, is brought into contact with the electroconductive polymer layer. Accordingly, there occurs an ion exchange between the ionic dye held in the electroconductive polymer layer and the OH.sup.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming method using an electrophotographic photoconductor includes the steps of charging the photoconductor to a predetermined polarity using a charger which may be disposed in contact with the photoconductor, exposing the charged photoconductor to light images to form latent electrostatic images thereon, developing the latent electrostatic images into visible images with a toner, and transferring the visible toner images formed on the photoconductor to an image receiving member using an image transfer charger which may be disposed in contact with the photoconductor, with the photoconductor comprising a surface top layer which contains a compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently methylene group which may have a substituent or ethylene group which may have a substituent; Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, shown in FIG. 3, a method of electrophotographically manufacturing a phosphor screen, comprises the steps of coating 44 an interior surface of a viewing faceplate panel to form a volatilizable organic conductive (OC) layer and overcoating 46 the OC layer to form a volatilizable organic photoconductive (OPC) layer. The OPC layer is electrostatically charged 48 and selected areas of the OPC layer are exposed to light to form a charge image 50. The charge image is developed with at least one phosphor material 52 which is fixed 58 to the OPC layer by spraying a fixing solution comprising two solvents, having substantially different rates of evaporation onto the phosphor material on the OPC layer to affect the solubility thereof and to make the OPC layer tacky. At least a portion or all of the solvent with the higher rate of evaporation is allowed to evaporate while the solvent with the lower rate of evaporation retains the tackiness of the OPC layer.

Abstract: The photosensitive material of the present invention is provided in contact with a developing roller and has a surface potential decay characteristic in which when the photosensitive material is charged to a surface potential of 800 V and is contacted with the developing roller to which a voltage (VR) is applied, the surface potential (VD) of the photosensitive material after contacting is represented by the formula (1):VD.gtoreq.800.times.EXP (0.00235.times.VR).By using this photosensitive material, a transverse black stripe in the tip of the transfer paper is prevented and it is possible to form an image having excellent image quality and image density.

Abstract: Disclosed are opaque plastic recording sheets comprised of (A) a substrate, (B) a receiving coating on the front side of the substrate capable of absorbing an ink vehicle and which receiving layer coating is comprised of (1) a hydrophobic binder polymer, (2) an ink wetting, (3) an ink spreading agent, (4) a dye mordant, (5) a lightfastness agent, (6) a filler, (7) an optional biocide; and (C) a toner receiving coating in contact with the reverse side of the substrate and which coating is comprised of (1) a binder polymer, (2) toner wetting and spreading agent, (3) an antistatic agent, (4) a pigment, (5) a lightfast agent, and (6) an optional biocide.

Abstract: A developing agent comprises an insulative toner and a conductive carrier, and the tensile rupture stress of the insulative toner powder layer is 0.1-1 g wt/cm.sup.2. The insulative toner used is insulative magnetic toner to which hydrophobically treated inorganic particles and conductive particles have been externally added.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner for developing an electrostatic image. The toner comprises a binder resin and a wax, and the value of weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight (Mw/Mn) of the wax is not more than 1.5.

Abstract: In a manufacture method of an electron-emitting device in which an electro-conductive film having an electron-emitting region is provided between electrodes disposed on a substrate, a step of forming the electron-emitting region comprises a step of forming a structural latent image in the electro-conductive film, and a step of developing the structural latent image. An electron source comprising a plurality of electron-emitting devices arrayed on a substrate, and an image-forming apparatus in combination of the electron source and an image-forming member are manufactured by using the electron-emitting devices manufactured by the above method. The position and shape of an electron-emitting region of each electron-emitting device can be controlled so as to achieve uniform device characteristics, resulting less variations in the amount of emitted electrons between the electron-emitting devices and in the brightness of pictures.

Abstract: As shown in FIG. 1a, the information recording medium of the present invention includes an information recording layer on an electrode layer (13), said recording layer made up of a resin system (11) having liquid crystal phases (12) dispersed and fixed therein. In said recording layer, the refractive index of light through said resin system is such chosen as to be substantially coincident with the refractive index of light through the liquid crystal material which is being oriented by an electric field, whereby electrostatic information can be recorded and stored on the recording medium as visible information and the recorded and stored information can be reproduced at any desired time. The present recording medium can also be recycled, if the information recorded on it is erased.

Abstract: A method of making a photoconductive element comprises the steps of: a) providing an electrically conductive base and depositing thereon, in any order, photoconductive layers comprising at least one charge transport layer and at least two charge generation layers; b) placing the layers formed in step a) in a reaction chamber with at least one feed gas selected from a hydrocarbon compound and a fluorocarbon compound in their gas phase; and c) decomposing the gas by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition thereby forming on the photoconductive layers an outermost protective layer comprising diamond-like carbon having a fluorine content of between 0 and 65 atomic percent of the protective layer.

Abstract: An article for cooling an imaging material which has been heated to a first temperature by a thermal processor. The article includes a first cooling section on which the imaging material rides after the imaging material exits the thermal processor. The first cooling section is at a lower temperature than the first temperature. The first cooling section has a curved shape such that the imaging material is curved when riding on and being cooled by the first cooling section.

Abstract: A solvation-based method for charging toner particles in a liquid electrophotographic developer composition is provided. The method makes use of a material containing specific salvation sites which are incorporated into the resinous phase of the toner, and a charge director which is a metal salt, the metal, cationic component of which is effective to form a highly stable, "solvated" charged toner complex. Toner and developer compositions are also provided which make use of the novel solvation-based mode of charge direction.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process includes providing an organic photoconductor comprised of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer containing a poly(alkanedioic acid 2,6-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-diol ester) resin formed on a conductive substrate, and having a half decay exposure; and eliminating static from the organic photoconductor by illuminating the organic photoconductor with a static elimination light having a wavelength ranging from 520 to 680 nm and with a dose of the static elimination light which ranges from 3 to 10 times the half decay exposure of the organic photoconductor. Preferably, the wavelength of the static elimination light ranges from 550 to 650 nm.

Abstract: In a method forming a phosphor layer on a screen panel, the black matrix is made of a conductive material. The conductive black matrix is formed by a wet-layer photoconductive method. That is, an organic conductive layer is initially deposited on the screen panel, then an organic photoconductive material is formed on the organic conductive layer. The plotoconductive layer is charged to a positive or negative potential and a selective area of the organic photoconductive layer is exposed to light radiated from an exposure device, such that the potential can be left on the unexposed area where the black matrix will be deposited. Finally, the conductive black matrix material is deposited on the unexposed area.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by disposing a photosensitive layer including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on an electroconductive support. The charge transport layer has a thickness of at most 12 .mu.m and is formed by dispersing therein particles having a particle size of 1-3 .mu.m at a density of 1.times.10.sup.4 -2.times.10.sup.5 particles/mm.sup.2. The charge transport layer and the particles described above provides a difference in refractive index of at least 0.10.The photosensitive member is effective in providing good images free from black spots and interference fringes and with a good gradation-reproducing characteristic when used as a structural member of a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: Toner images are formed electrophotographically on a photoconductive imaging member and electrostatically transferred to a receiving surface. Electrostatic transfer is improved with a photoconductive image member having a compliant layer with a Young's modulus less than 5.times.10.sup.7 Pascals backing a thin photoconductive layer with a Young's modulus greater than 10.sup.8 Pascals. Preferably, the compliant layer is not more than 30 microns from the surface of the imaging member.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyalkylene naphthalate film, preferably the homopolymer of naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol (PEN), comprising a UV absorbing compound of the 2-hydroxyphenyl-triazine type for quenching of the UV fluorescence at 429 nm. The polymeric film is preferably used as support for a photographic material, preferably a color negative or color reversal photographic material.

Abstract: A conducting polymer film comprising a substrate comprising a semiconductor having thereon a conducting polymer film capable of being doped with or undoped of an ionic dye molecule. In the image forming process of the present invention, the conducting polymer film is irradiated with light to generate electromotive force so that the conducting polymer film is doped with or undoped of an ionic dye molecule according to the electromotive force to form an image pattern thereon. The ionic dye molecule forming the image pattern is electrochemically released, and then transferred to a recording medium such as paper. The image forming process provides images of good quality at a relatively high printing speed. The image forming process is energy-saving and takes a low running cost. An marking process and marking apparatus using the above image forming process are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to image forming device such as copying machines and laser printers, which use an electrophotographic (xerognaphic) process. A simple control method without using any additional complex means can equalize a surface potentional of a light-sensitive drum to keep a light-quality of an image formed even for the first rotation of the light-sensitive drum. A charge-removal prohibiting means, a charge-potentional changing means and a developing bias-potentional changing means are controlled in accordance with an extent of a change of a surface potential of a light-sensitive body, which depends upon a light fatigue and an ambient temperature of the light-sensitive body and/or a pause after a preceding image process.

Abstract: Provided are a polyester resin for use in a toner binder which is excellent in terms of offset resistance and low-temperature fixability, which keeps triboelectric charge stability even in an environment of a high temperature and a high humidity, which has excellent durability, and which is used in a toner that gives vivid image characteristics, a process for producing the same, and a toner using the same. The polyester resin for use in the toner binder is formed by linking at least a part of the crosslinked low-molecular polyesters through a dicarboxylic acid used as a linking agent.

Abstract: A light fixing layer is deposited on the panel during the screening process of a panel. The light fixing layer can be softened when it is subjected to light so as to allow the phosphor layers to be fixed on the panel. That is, the light fixing layer shows adhesive characteristics when subjected to light. Therefore, after developing all phosphor layers on the panel, when the light is radiated to the light fixing layer, the light fixing layer is softened, thereby fixing the phosphor layers.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic process using an electrophotographic photoconductor having a photoconductive layer which contains a charge generation material and a charge transport material, the charge transport material being convertible from a neutral state into a charged state during the photoconduction in the photoconductive layer, when light is applied to the photoconductive layer, there is employed at least one type of rays of light selected from type 1 which has a light emission peak, and type 2 and type 3, each of which has a continuous spectrum with a threshold wavelength value, in such a manner that a half-width wavelength range of type 1 does not overlap a peak wavelength or a half-width wavelength range of an absorption peak of the charge transport material in the charged state, and a half value of a threshold wavelength value of each of type 2 or type 3 is beyond the wavelength or a half-width wavelength range of any of extreme end absorption peaks in terms of the wavelength of the absorption light of

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymeric composition for application onto Reemay and Satin acetate fabric for laser printability with a high level (90% or greater readability of printed characters, washability and enzyme rejection/retardation. The polymeric composition is applied by chemical grafting that involves the use of monomers/prepolymers, catalyst, graft initiator and other ingredients of the composition. The coating thus developed and subsequently applied to Reemay and Satin acetate fabric allows to undergo graft polymerization thereby forming a polymeric film which is chemically bonded to the fabric substrate with strong adhesion. The chemically grafted fabric is highly durable and permanent in terms of distinct legibility of the printed characters on the substrate after 55 launderings or 25 dry cleanings and has excellent level or enzyme rejection/retardation when the coated fabric with laser printed characters are subjected to an enzyme wash process.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of residual image voltage present on an imaging member which comprises contacting the member with a composition comprised of a nonpolar liquid, thermoplastic resin particles, an optional charge adjuvant, charge control additive, carbon black pigment, and a charge director comprised of a nonpolar liquid soluble organic aluminum complex, or mixtures thereof of the formulas ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, and n represents a number, and wherein said voltage is reduced to from about zero to about 25 volts.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording material comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer containing a photoconductive crystalline substituted metal-free phthalocyanine compound and/or mixed crystals of said substituted metal-free phthalocyanine compounds with unsubstituted metal-free phthalocyanine, wherein said substantial metal-free phthalocyanine compound represented by general formula (I) defined herein is substituted with alkyl or alkoxy.

Abstract: An information recording medium having an information recording layer comprising a liquid crystal phase and a resin phase is protected against deterioration due to a long-term storage. An information recording medium having an information recording layer comprising a liquid crystal phase and a resin phase and located in opposition to a photoelectric sensor having a photoconductive layer has been packed in a moisture- and light-resistant laminate formed of a synthetic resin and an aluminum foil, and filled therein with a dried, moisture-free inert gas.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor has an interlayer and a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive support, in which the interlayer comprising: an alkoxy metallic chelate compound of titanium or aluminum having a chelate group of acetoacetic ester or .beta.-diketone; and a silane coupling reagent having an organic functional group, the end of which is methacryloxy or amino group. A method of forming an electrophotographic image is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for ascertaining the microdefect levels of an electrophotographic imaging member including establishing for a first electrophotographic imaging member, having a known differential increase in dark decay value and a measured crest value, a first reference datum for dark decay crest value at an initial applied field; establishing with the crest value a second reference datum for dark decay crest value at a final applied field; determining the differential increase in dark decay between the first reference datum and the second reference datum for the first electrophotographic imaging member; repeatedly subjecting a virgin electrophotographic imaging member, having a measured crest value, to aforesaid cycles until the amount of dark decay reaches the crest value for the virgin electrophotographic imaging which remains substantially constant; establishing with virgin electrophotographic imaging member, having a measured crest value, a third reference datum for dark decay crest value; establishing for the

Abstract: A charging member for electrophotography comprising a surface layer, wherein the surface layer comprises a resin and an alkali metal salt contained therein.

Abstract: Information recording media enable images to be recorded and reproduced with high resolution, wherein oozing of liquid crystal material thereof is prevented and the information recorded without unevenness. A first recording medium has an information recording layer comprising a liquid crystal phase and an ultraviolet curing resin phase. The information recording layer is stacked on an electrode layer provided on a substrate by coating a mixed solution of liquid crystal and ultraviolet curing resin material on the surface of the electrode layer and then irradiating the coating by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, thereby forming a cured skin layer of the resin material on the outer surface of the information recording layer. A second recording medium has a transparent electrode layer additionally provided on the information recording layer of the first recording medium.

Abstract: A circuit forming method having the step of forming, on an insulating board or a metallic foil layer, a resist pattern layer for patterning the metallic foil layer to be laminated to the board with a predetermined circuit by means of etching or lift-off, wherein the resist pattern layer forming step comprises the steps of forming an electric field distribution latent image corresponding to the circuit pattern by illuminating a predetermined area on a surface of a photoconductor charged beforehand with light for removing the charge of the surface of the photoconductor, forming a resist image corresponding to the circuit pattern by attaching a resist member charged reversely with respect to the latent image to the latent image, and transferring the resist image to the board or the metallic foil layer as the resist pattern layer.

Abstract: A developer for developing latent electrostatic images for use in the rear side exposure system, composed of an electroconductive magnetic carrier which is composed of electroconductive magnetic carrier particles, each electroconductive magnetic carrier particle including a magnetic base particle and an electroconductive layer formed on the surface of the magnetic base particle, a magnetic high-resistivity magnetic carrier, and an electrically insulating toner; and an image formation method of forming toner images on a photoconductor by using this developer in accordance with the rear side exposure system are disclosed.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic process including an image forming process comprising a charging step of bringing a conductive charging member into contact with a surface of a photoreceptor and applying a superimposed voltage of a direct current voltage and an alternating current voltage to said conductive charging member to directly charge the surface of the photoreceptor, an image exposing step, and a developing step, the application of the voltage to said conductive charging member is stopped for every cycle of the image forming process, whereby the wear of the photoreceptive layer can be reduced and the life of the photoreceptor can be extremely improved.

Abstract: The electrophotographic process of this invention is characterized in that a single layer organic photosensitive material having an absorbance, at a maximum absorption wavelength of a visible portion per .mu.m of the thickness of a photosensitive layer, of at least 0.05 is used, and for its charge elimination, a light-emitting diode light which emits a light of a maximum absorption wavelength or a light in its vicinity is irradiated. According to this process, when image formation carried out repeatedly a number of times, a decrease in an early period surface potential can be effectively prevented and a brilliant image can be formed in a high concentration.

Abstract: An image-forming method using a latent-image forming body which consists of a transparent electrode layer, a photoconductive layer, an electrode layer and a pyroelectric-material layer made of a dielectric substance that are successively stacked on its transparent base. In this method, conductive carriers are generated in the photoconductive layer by irradiating information light thereto by using a light source that is placed at a location opposite to the transparent base. Then, heat is exerted at the light-irradiation portion of the photoconductive layer by applying a voltage across the transparent electrode layer and the electrode layer, and the heat causes a temperature rise in the pyroelectric-material layer such that an electrostatic latent image is formed by the pyroelectric effect. The electrostatic latent image is developed by allowing the developer, charged to have the polarity reversed to that of the electrostatic latent image, to be attracted by the electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: An attenuating type phase shifting mask and semiconductor device manufactured by using the mask according to the present invention includes an attenuating type phase shifting pattern, and an attenuating type auxiliary phase shifting pattern having a transmitting portion and a phase shifter portion formed at a predetermined position at the periphery of attenuating type phase shifting pattern, wherein attenuating type auxiliary phase shifting pattern includes a pattern having a resolution smaller than a limit of resolution of an exposure apparatus. Whereby, exposure of the region around a normal exposure region is prevented, and also exposure of the region adjacent to the exposure region is prevented when conducting exposure successively with a substrate moved.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming method using an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising the steps of:(1) charging the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein said electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and provided thereon, a carrier generation layer and a carrier transportation layer, said carrier generation layer comprising a carrier generation material represented by formula 1 or 2 and having X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 6.3.degree..+-.0.2.degree., 12.4.degree..+-.0.2.degree., 25.3.degree..+-.0.2.degree. and 27.1.degree..+-.0.2.degree. in Bragg angle (2.theta.) when using Cu-K.alpha. ray as a X-ray radiation source in which said peak of 12.4.degree..+-.0.2.degree. has a maximum intensity and has a half width of 0.65.degree. or more; no peak being present at 11.5.degree..+-.0.2.degree.,(2) imagewise exposing the charged photoreceptor for an exposure time of 1.times.10.sup.-4 to 3.times.10.sup.

Abstract: The electrostatic information recording medium according to the present invention comprises an electrode layer and an electric charge retaining layer. By improving the laminating method of electric charge retaining layer or by improving the layer arrangement or by converting electrostatic information to the visible information or position information, high information retaining property can be obtained and the accumulated electrostatic information can be maintained for long period.In the electrostatic information recording method according to the present invention, an electrostatic information recording medium is placed face-to-face to a photosensitive member having photoconductive layer on an electrode. The image exposure is performed by applying voltage between two electrodes, and the electrostatic information corresponding to the image exposure is recorded on the electrostatic information recording medium.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising a dispersion of carbon nanofibers in a film-forming binder. Use of carbon nanofibers provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Abstract: An electrically conductive or semi-conductive polymeric material which includes a blend of:(i) a bis[oxydiethylenebis(polycaprolactone)yl]sulfoaryldicarboxylate or a bis[oxydiethylenebis(polycaprolactone)yl]sulfonamidosulfonylaryldicarboxyl ate, and(ii) a complex of a ferric halide and ethylene glycol or an oligoethylene glycol selected from di-, tri-, or tetraethylene glycol,to provide the material with its conductive properties.The material has a resistivity of from about 10.sup.6 to about 5.times.10.sup.11 ohm cm and can be used in the fabrication of biasable transfer members such as, for example, a biasable transfer roll to transfer electrostatographic toner images from a photoconductor to a final support material such as a sheet of paper wherein the member electrically cooperates with the photoconductor to establish a directional force field therebetween.

Abstract: A process for changing layered imaging members by the transfer of ions thereto which comprises contacting the imaging member with a liquid developer comprised of a nonpolar liquid, and a mixture of surfactants of an ammonium block copolymer first surfactant of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.- is a conjugate base or anion of a strong acid; R is hydrogen or alkyl; R' is alkyl; R" is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; and y and x represent the number average degree of polymerization (DP) wherein the ratio of y to x is in the range of from about 10 to 2 to about 1,000 to 200; and a second surfactant component of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, and n is 0 (zero), 1, 2, 3, or 4.