Abstract: Disclosed in an image-forming process which comprises arranging two electrode surfaces, at least one having a curvature face and at least the other being transparent, to confront each other, forming a layer of a photosensitive toner on one of the electrode surfaces, applying a bias voltage so that the polarity of the toner layer-supporting electrode surface is the same as the polarity of charges on the toner and the polarity of the confronting electrode surface is reverse to the polarity of charges on the toner, irradiating the toner layer with light at a part where both the electrode surfaces are contacted with each other through the photosensitive toner layer, and transferring the unexposed toner toward the confronting electrode surface.

Abstract: A recording medium comprises a recording layer formed on a substrate. The recording layer comprises a solid solution of a guest compound in a matrix polymer. The guest compound, such as a para-di-substituted benzene derivative, has a substantial second order micro-nonlinear optical constant .beta. but shows substantially no nonlinear optical effect in its crystalline form. The matrix polymer is preferably a polyoxyalkylene. A part of the recording layer is caused to have a nonlinear optical effect when it is supplied with a combination of an external field such as an electric or magnetic field and heating followed by cooling for solidification, and is caused to lose its nonlinear optical effect when it is subjected to heating followed by cooling for solidification in the absence of such an external field.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic recording medium comprising an electroconductive support and as formed thereon a dielectric layer containing an insulating resin and a pigment, said dielectric layer carrying a surface static charge of a polarity opposite to that of a charge to be applied for image formation.

Abstract: Before a photoreceptor for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus is uniformly charged at the beginning of a process for forming a latent electrostatic image thereon, the photoreceptor is exposed to charge-removing light for stabilizing the surface potential such that a high-quality image can be obtained. The level of exposure is modified in view of the fatigue and recovery characteristics of the photoreceptor. During a continuous operation of the photoreceptor, the level is logarithmically reduced. When the photoreceptor is started again after a rest period, the initial level of exposure is adjusted by logarithmically increasing it according to the length of the rest period as well as in view of the level of exposure prior to the rest period.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor useful for negative electrification is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises on an electroconductive substrate, a photo-sensitive layer containing a compound represented by general formula [A]: ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Ar.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group; Ar.sub.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene group; Ar.sub.3 and Ar.sub.4 independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group; and n represents an integer of 0 or 1; and a compound containing in its chemical structure a hindered phenolic structure unit.

Abstract: A photoconductive image forming method in a which charged toner contacts a transparent insulating substrate and is exposed from within the substrate. Exposure reduces the resistivity of the toner so that its charge can be reversed by a bias voltage and the exposed toner will adhere to the image forming substrate simultaneously with exposure and then transfer to a transfer medium. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a layer of toner is applied to an electroconductive substrate and the toner layer is exposed with a latent image. The charge of the exposed toner is reversed and the exposed toner is removed by an intermediate toner removal device. The remaining toner is then transferred to a transfer medium. Toner suitable for use includes azo-type metal containing black dyes which do not absorb the exposure and can be sensitized to the near infrared region.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member comprising a substrate and a light receiving layer formed by laminating a first layer having photoconductivity which is constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and germanium atoms, and a second layer constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity. The germanium atoms contained in the first layer is in the state of being unevenly distributed in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region adjacent to the substrate. The first layer may contain one or more kinds selected from an element for controlling the conductivity, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region.

Abstract: The improvements in the light receiving members in which an aluminum material being used as the substrate for use in electrophotography and in other various devices. The improved light receiving member to be provided is characterized in that a buffer layer functioning to improve the bondability between the aluminum substrate and a light receiving layer to be disposed thereon is disposed between the substrate and said light receiving layer.The improved light receiving member is satisfactorily free from various problems due to insufficient bondability between the aluminum substrate and the light receiving layer imposed thereon which are found in the conventional light receiving members.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic printer employing tri-level xerography to superimpose two images with perfect registration during the single pass of a charge retentive member past the processing stations of the printer. One part of the composite image is formed using MICR toner, while the other part of the image is printed with less expensive black, or color toner. For example, the magnetically readable information on a check is printed with MICR toner and the rest of the check in color or in black toner that is not magnetically readable.

Abstract: Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are disclosed comprising a support which on a major side carries circuit components in a desired design and on a second major side carries the soldered wires corresponding to said circuit components. Manufacturing of the PCBs is carried out by producing respective designs of the component and soldering sides as labile electrostatic images on which conductive metallic powder (toner) is applied. The so obtained images are printed on respective insulating sheets, one with the component side design, and another with the solder side design. The thus printed sheets are fixed on the PCB support, and the conductive designs are treated to increase the thickness of the design.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic apparatus accommodating a photosensitive member with an amorphous silicon photosensitive layer, a plurality of or a large number of documents can be clearly copied by repeating the following steps:(a) charging the photosensitive member up to a predetermined electric potential;(b) exposing the photosensitive member so that an electrostatic latent image may be formed on it;(c) developing the electrostatic latent image by toner;(d) applying light to the photosensitive member, the wavelength of which light is primarily less than 600 nm, with the wavelength greater than 600 nm being limited below 30% in energy distribution ratio;(e) transferring the toner image onto a transfer sheet by imparting electric charge to the entire surface of the transfer sheet from its rear side, with the electric charge being in opposite polarity to the toner image;(f) removing the toner remaining on the photosensitive member after the transfer; and(g) applying another light to the photosensitive member, the w

Abstract: An electroreceptor comprised of a supporting substrate and hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide with from about 10 to about 60 atomic percent of carbon, from about 10 to about 60 atomic percent of hydrogen, and from about 10 to about 80 atomic percent of silicon.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying method for optionally producing either reversal or positive-positive copies from any original using the same photoconductive element and the same toner developing material by varying the exposure and electrostatic charging conditions.

Abstract: The saturation voltage of a photoconductor used in a discharged area development (DAD) reproduction device is used to control and maintain the voltage vectors that are associated with (1) the photoconductor's fully charged background area, (2) the development electrode voltage at the reproduction device's developer station, (3) the photoconductor voltage in areas that are occupied by image characters having a small surface area, and (4) the photoconductor voltage in a test patch area that is associated with a toner concentration control network having a toner patch sensor. These electrstatic parameters are periodically adjusted, to compensate for changes in the operating characteristics of the photoconductor and the imaging station.

Abstract: A recording and readout information system having atomic scale densities comprises a recording medium having a carrier and means to form a pattern of atomic particles on the surface of the carrier. The atomic particles having an affinity for the carrier and can adhere to the surface to form a relatively adhesive and stable bond. The pattern of atomic particles produced on the carrier are representative of recorded information, e.g. binary represented information, of ultra high density based upon the size and spacing of such particles, which is in the range, for example, of 5 .ANG. (0.5 nm) to 10 .ANG. (1 nm). A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a recording medium with an adsorbent carrier, means to form a pattern of adsorbate atomic particles on the surface of the adsorbent carrier, the adsorbate atomic particles having an adsorptive affinity for the adsorbent carrier.

Abstract: An electrographic luminescent amplification process is described which includes the steps of:a. forming a low amplitude differential voltage pattern on a photoconductor;b. developing the low amplitude differential voltage pattern with a luminescent toner to form a luminescent toner image;c. exciting the luminescent toner image to produce emitted radiation;d. exposing a photoconductor to the emitted radiation to produce a high amplitude differential voltage pattern on the photoconductor; ande. developing the high amplitude differential voltage pattern to produce a high density image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an original for use in an overhead projector through an electrophotographic process. The method comprises a process for applying a first light-transmissive toner onto a surface of a transparent film, a process for heat-fixing the first light-transmissive toner on the film so that particles of the first light-transmissive toner are not melted completely and such that a diffusive surface is formed, a process for applying a second light-transmissive toner onto the diffusive surface corresponding to a document image, and a process for heat-fixing the toner image on the diffusive surface so that particles of the second light-transmissive toner forming the toner image are melted completely and that a toner image having a smooth surface is formed.

Abstract: A method for producing a circuit board having conductive circuit elements patterened on a non-conductive substrate involves printing a film of a U.V. curable ink composed of a suspension of silver-coated magnetite particles in a U.V. curable resin onto the substrate in a circuit pattern, subjecting the pattern to a magnetic field to move the magnetite particles to a position at or near the upper surface of the resin and effecting U.V. radiation cure of the U.V. curable ink.

Abstract: A vacuum fluorescent printing device is disclosed having cathode filaments, a multiplexed control grid and a skewed matrix of addressable phosphor elements configured on an anode in such a fashion as to enable convenient electrical connection plus imagewise recombination of emitted light from said phosphor elements into a high resolution linear array for the purpose of directing this collection of addressable points of light onto a single line of a photoreceptor drum or belt thereby enabling a xerographic image to be generated.

Abstract: A method of using a dry powder electrophotographic toner with a permanent master to electrostatically transfer a electrophotographically developed electrostatic image via a reversal photographic process from the permanent master to a receiving surface is disclosed. The permanent master is made from a photopolymer material and is protected by a transparent overcoated material whose surface is hard and low friction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for use in an electrophotographic copying process and an image forming method for the apparatus, which are arranged to reproduce an image portion of an original document by a black developing material on a white paper sheet when an area of the image portion of the original document is below a predetermined level, and also, reproducing a background portion of the image by a white developing material on a black paper sheet when the area of the image portion of the original document is above the predetermined level, and thus, the black developing material or white developing material is selectively used according to percentages of image areas on the original document.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording apparatus comprises a photosensitive drum. The photosensitive drum comprises a bulk layer of amorphous silicon formed on a support, and in the bulk layer, a first layer region is formed at the support side and a second layer region is formed at the surface side. The first layer region is formed in a manner of comprising hydrogen of 0.01-40 atomic %, oxygen of 0.1-40 atomic % and boron of 5.times.10.sup.-6 -1.0 atomic %. On the other hand, oxygen and boron are not doped virtually in the second layer region and generation of carrier traps is suppressed in this non-doped second layer region. Furthermore, the peak wavelengths of the lights irradiated onto the photosensitive drum from both a light source for exposure and light source for discharge are set shorter than 650 nm, and preferably shorter than 600 nm.

Abstract: A recording apparatus having a photosensitive body, a charger for charging the photosensitive body, an exposure unit for forming a latent image on the photosensitive body charged by the charger, and a developing unit for developing the latent image into a visible image on the photosensitive body. The recording apparatus also includes a first surface potential sensor for measuring the surface potential of the photosensitive body before the latent image has been developed by the developing unit, a second surface potential sensor for measuring the surface potential of the photosensitive body after the latent image has been developed by the developing unit, a computer for computing the surface potential of the photosensitive body at a position between the first and second surface potential sensors to estimate the surface potential at the position of the developing unit, and a controller for controlling the charger so that the estimated surface potential becomes a determined level.

Abstract: A layer element comprises a base having a hydrophobic surface and, applied on this, one or more solid, thin, ordered layers of defined uniform and regular structure, in particular monolayers or multilayers, having a uniform orientation of the layer-forming molecules in one direction. The said layers are formed from a metallomacrocyclic polymer which is fusible and/or soluble in an organic, water-immiscible solvent and is of the general formula [M(Pcyc)O].sub.n, where M is Si, Ge or Sn, (Pcyc) is a complex-forming centrosymmetric polycyclic ring system, in particular a phthalocyanine ring system having hydrophobic substituents, and n is the mean degree of polymerization and is equal to or greater than 3. The novel layer elements can advantageously be produced by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, in which a solid-like monolayer produced on a water surface from the metallomacrocyclic polymers is transferred to a substrate having a hydrophobic surface by immersion and withdrawal of the said substrate.

Abstract: A process for forming a visible image in which an electrophotographic element having a homogeneous and amorphous silicon layer as the sole photoconductive layer is provided with a charge image and the charge image is developed by a developing powder. The electrophotographic element has a very thin silicon layer with a thickness between 0.5 and 3 .mu.m and a dark decay time greater than 25 seconds. The photoconductive layer is developed by a one-component developing powder having a resistivity of less than 10.sup.5 ohm.meter.

Abstract: A combination Xerograhic-DEP printing apparatus wherein highlight color images are formed without scavenging and re-development of a first developed image. A first image is formed in accordance with conventional (i.e. total voltage range available) electrostatic image forming techniques. A successive image is formed on the copy substrate containing the first image subsequent to first image transfer, either before or after fusing, by utilization of direct electrostatic printing.

Abstract: A light receiving member has a support and a light receiving layer. The support has an uneven-shaped surface of a plurality of spherical dimples, each dimple having an identical radius of curvature R and an identical width D, wherein the ratio D/R of the width D to the radius of curvature R is from 0.03 to 0.07. The light receiving layer is a multi-layered structure having an outer layer which formed from an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent and at least one of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms. The light receiving layer contains an inner layer of amorphous silicon which also contains germanium and/or tin and hydrogen and/or halogen.The light receiving member, when used with a coherent laser beam as an optical source, acts to prevent the occurrence of an interference fringe pattern during image formation.

Abstract: An electrophotosensitive member is uniformly charged and portions to be toned by one type toner are erased. Those portions are filled in with a charge of different potential, for example, a charge of polarity opposite to that of the original charge. The charged member is imagewise exposed and developed with two toners selectively attractive to the different charge potentials. With this method a multicolor image can be formed iwth a single exposure.

Abstract: A method for forming an outline of an image. In this method, at first, an electrostatic latent image bearing member is charged and then irradiated to a positive image to form an electrostatic latent image. Thereafter, the irradiated member is re-charged with a scorotron charger while applying a voltage to a grid, the voltage being lower than the surface potential of the image portion of the latent image, being slightly higher than the background potential of the latent image and being of the same polarity as that of the original charging. By this re-charging, the outline portion of the image is given higher potential than the other portion. Then, the outline portion of the image with higher potential is subjected to a normal development by using a toner charged to a polarity opposite to the polarity of the recharged portions.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for electrophotographically producing high quality reproductions which contain different content types. Photoconductor image sectors are subjected to separate optical exposures selected for (1) good tone-scale reproduction of continuous-tone image portions and (2) high-contrast reproduction of line-type image portions. Photoconductor background area, which border continuous-tone image portions, are discharged to a level below the system's development level. Color line-art from a black and white original is also provided for in a color-copier by exposing a separate original containing a swatch of the color to be reproduced on the same image frames exposed to the image of the line-art. A digitizing tablet is used in combination with a selective erase means to provide selective screening and/or spot color effects. The digitizing tablet may be incorporated to use the exposure platen and may be of the sonic type or other types not employing grid lines visible to the photoconductor.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrophotographic process adapted for using a cylindrical photosensitive member of a small diameter of 40 mm or less which has such a charging characteristic that when it is charged to 700 V (or -700 V) and then exposed to such an intensity of light as to provide a potential of 200 V (or -200 V) after exposure for 50 msec., the photosensitive member will have a potential of 20 to 150 V (or -20 to -150 V) after exposure for 150 msec. In the process, the steps of charging, exposure, developing and transfer involved, and the following relationship is satisfied: R.theta./v.gtoreq.0.30, wherein R (mm) is the outer diameter of the cylindrical photosensitive member, .theta. (radian) is the angle formed between the exposure and the developing position on the cylindrical photosensitive member with respect to the center thereof as the angle center, and v (mm/sec) is the circumferential speed of the cylindrical photosensitive member.

Abstract: Novel 2,3-bis(dialkylaminophenyl)quinoxalines of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl having up to 4 carbon atomsR.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.2 is the same as or different from R.sub.1 and is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkoxyl having up to 4 carbon atoms, andR.sub.3 is the same as or different from R.sub.2 and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and alkoxyl having up to 4 carbon atoms,The compounds of the invention are useful as photoconductive substances in electrophotographic recording materials.

Abstract: An image-forming process using a long rolled transparent light-sensitive recording material is disclosed. The process comprises applying at least two image-forming steps each including at least an image exposure and a development to a long rolled transparent light-sensitive recording material comprising a support having thereon a light-sensitive layer and a surface protective layer containing a hardenable compound and fine particles. The recording material preferably has a backing layer containing fine particles.

Abstract: An image-forming member for electrophotography comprises a photoconductive layer including as constituting layers, a hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer and an amorphous inorganic semiconductor layer. The amorphous inorganic semiconductor layer is laminated on the hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer to thereby provide a heterojunction.

Abstract: A optical recording medium which comprises a substrate and a recording layer of at least two J-aggregates of dyes formed on the substrate is described. The dyes may be photochromic dyes or other types of dyes capable of forming the aggregates which have narrower absorption spectral ranges than original dyes. A plurality of information bits can be written in the recording layer by irradiation of one laser beam spot. The recording layer is formed by an LB film method or a method capable of fluidizing a dye solution in a direction horizontal to the substrate surface. A recording method using the medium is also described.

Abstract: A function separation type photoconductor for use in electrophotography comprises an electroconductive substrate, a carrier generation layer vapor deposited on the substrate and a carrier transport layer formed on the carrier generation layer. The carrier generation layer is made of an indium phthalocyanine having the general formula ##STR1## wherein Me represents indium, and X is a halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine.

Abstract: Herein are disclosed polyurethane elastomers comprising a charge-control agent of the formula: ##STR1## The elastomers are useful in making shaped articles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying method of a color separated image superposing transfer-printing system capable of selectively performing a full color copying operation and a single color copying operation. The photosensitive member is exposed to an optical image of an original without compensating for the quantity of light of the optical image both in the full color copying mode and in the single color copying mode, and the processing speeds at which process steps for performing copying are followed are changed in such a manner that the photosensitive member is subjected to an exposure for each of the two modes. Changing the speeds is effected automatically in conjunction with the selection of one of the two modes.

Abstract: An optical write device is disclosed which is capable of being driven according to a dynamic drive system. The device uses, as an optical printer head, a vacuum fluorescent tube which includes a plurality of stripe-like anode conductors arranged on a substrate, a plurality of control electrodes formed with slits extending obliquely across the anode conductors and phosphor layers deposited on the anode conductors and defined by the slits to form luminous dots. The device is adapted to successively scan the anode conductors in a such manner that one scanning of the anode conductors is completed while a photosensitive drum is moved by a distance corresponding to a height of the luminous dot.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to an image forming method using long wavelength light source. The method comprises a first step of charging and irradiating a photosensitive member to thereby form a negative electrostatic latent image; a second step of developing said negative electrostatic latent image by a reversal development; a third step of irradiating said photosensitive member with long wavelength light; a fourth step of transferring the developed electrostatic latent image to a paper; and a fifth step of irradiating said photosensitive member with long wavelength light. Said irradiating light used at the third step has the same or close wavelength region as the one used at the first step, and further, said irradiating light used at the fifth step has the same or close wavelength region as the one used at the first and third steps.

Abstract: In order to be able, in a simple manner, to erase, by heating, data recorded on bodies with reversible, temperature-variable light extinctions, and then to be able to use the body anew for the recording of data, these bodies consists of at least one polymer material and/or resin matrix material (A) and at least one organic low-molecular substance (B), which is insoluble, at least partially, in the latter and which is contained therein as a dispersed second phase, whereby the pair of materials (A/B) possess variable light extinctions below a specific temperature (T.sub.0) in dependence on a previous heating above T.sub.0 and are so constituted that, upon being heated above a conversion temperature (T.sub.2) which lies above T.sub.0, and being cooled off subsequently to below T.sub.0, yields maximum light extinction; and, upon being heated in the state of maximum light extinction to a temperature (T.sub.1) which lies above T.sub.0 and below T.sub.2, and subsequent cooling off to below T.sub.

Abstract: An image bearing member for forming a toner image on the surface thereof characterized in that said surface has a maximum surface roughness of 20 .mu.m or less, and an average surface roughness satisfying the relation of r.ltoreq.2d between the average surface roughness and a toner particle size, wherein r is the average surface roughness; and d is a mean particle size of the toner particles; a contact angle with water at least 70 degrees; or a pencil hardness of F or harder as measured according to the JIS test method K-5400; a process for forming image with said member, and an utility thereof.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus and method having a series of cycles for obtaining a visible image by forming an electrostatic image on a photosensitive member of amorphous silicon and by developing the electrostatic image by irradiating the surface of the photosensitive member for each image forming cycle with a light having wavelength longer than 600 nm and containing substantially no rays having wavelengths of 550 to 600 nm.

Abstract: A photosensitive cathode is used to vary in three dimensions, the position, shape and density of a metallic interlayer formed in a preformed polymer film using an electrochemical deposition process.

Abstract: Provided is a dielectric imaging sheet useful in electrographic imaging, wherein a particulate solid incorporated into the dielectric coating has been treated with an acyloxy or amino terminated polysiloxane. Short-chain polysiloxanes, e.g., 3 to 8 siloxane units, are preferred as the treating agent, with the amino group being preferably lower alkyl substituted and the acyloxy group being preferably lower acyloxy. Use of the specially treated particulate solid reduces moisture induced imaging defects upon using the dielectric sheet in electrographic imaging.

Abstract: A photographic method for making a color filter element, and the resulting color filter element is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the formation of images comprising: (1) feeding a photoconductive toner, having a particle diameter of on the average 6 .mu.m or less, to a conductive substrate to form a toner layer of 1 to 8 layers on said conductive substrate, (2) uniformly charging said toner layer, and (3) exposing said toner layer to form an electrostatic latent image thereon corresponding to the original.

Abstract: An electrostatic image of binary data representing elements if formed on a particular electrophotographic member disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,025,339. The electrostatic image is toned and the toned image is transferred to a storage medium. The storage medium is in the form of an extended length of dual-layer transparent synthetic resin material. One of the layers has a softening range of temperature less than the substrate. At the transfer, the one layer is heated and the toned image is pressed into the one layer. The storage medium carrying the toned image then is wound up on a storage or take-up spool while fresh medium is fed from a supply spool. The two spools are carried by a housing and the housing, spools and medium form an optical mass memory cassette. Reading of the data occurs by deflecting rays of light across the medium and the light that is transmitted through and blocked by the medium is sensed in bar sensors, one for each ray.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic image forming apparatus comprising a layer composed of a dielectric material or a photoconductor, image element electrodes arranged in the form of a matrix on one surface of said layer, field effect transistors affiliated with the image element electrodes and interposed between the image element electrodes, and a developing electrode arranged on the other surface of the dielectric material or photoconductor layer, to which a voltage is applied.In this electrostatic image forming apparatus, a toner image can be directly formed by a digital signal or image signal without performing any optical scanning or charging operation.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process in which a photoconductive insulating element, comprising a layer of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon in electrical contact with a layer of doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon, is electrostatically charged to a low level of surface voltage, such as, for example, a level of ten volts, provides an advantageous combination of very high electrophotographic sensitivity with minimal electrical noise.