Abstract: LNG is pumped to supercritical pressure and vaporized, preferably in an offshore location to thereby form a natural gas stream with an intermediate temperature. A first portion of that stream is then processed in an onshore location to remove at least some non-methane components to thereby form a lean LNG, which is then combined with a second portion of that stream to form a sales gas having desired chemical composition. The intermediate temperature and the split ratio of the gas stream in first and second portion are a function of the concentration of the non-methane components in the LNG.

Abstract: In a process of manufacturing polylactide, synthesis of high-quality polymers is achieved with a sufficient degree of vacuum secured. Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing polylactide which includes the steps of preparing lactide through oligomerization of lactic acid and depolymerization of the resulting oligomers, effecting ring-opening polymerization of the lactide, and removing unreacted lactide. The apparatus comprises an exhausting gas treatment device for reducing pressure in the step of removing unreacted lactide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing at least one contaminant from a gaseous stream substantially comprising carbon dioxide. More specifically said method comprising the step of subjecting the gaseous stream to an absorption step in which the absorbent is liquid carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for cleaning hydrocarbons from a gas-vapor medium ejected to the atmosphere, formed while storing oil or gasoline or filling a container therewith is provided. The medium is pumped out and compressed in a gas-liquid jet apparatus due to energy of oil or gasoline supplied by a pump. The formed mixture is separated in a separator, where a pressure of 0.7 to 2.5 MPa is maintained, and gas from the separator is compressed in a jet apparatus by oil or gasoline supplied by a pump. The gas medium cleaned from the hydrocarbons is outputted and the saturated absorbent is directed to a desorber where a pressure is generated to be lower than the pressure in the separator. The liquid medium is removed from the separators and to a container or to a storage tank from which oil or gasoline is simultaneously supplied to pump inlets or to the separators.

Abstract: A recycling apparatus for spent protective atmosphere gas contaminated with fouling organic decomposition byproduct materials. The recycling apparatus includes a compressor having an inlet connected to a spent protective atmosphere gas supply line, and a solvent supply configured to supply solvent to a gas passage at or upstream of the compressor. The recycling apparatus also includes a first chamber connected to an outlet of the compressor, where the first chamber is configured to receive compressed gas from the compressor and to collect a mixture including the solvent and any contaminants entrapped or dissolved in the solvent.

Abstract: A separation and scrubbing system for exhaust gases includes a plurality of industrial discharge outlets, a separation unit, pipelines to direct exhaust gases from the industrial discharge outlets to the separation unit and pipelines to return treated exhaust gases to stacks corresponding to the industrial discharge outlets.

Abstract: A mercury removal apparatus for a liquid hydrocarbon includes a conversion device which converts a mercury component in a raw liquid hydrocarbon into elemental mercury to obtain a first liquid hydrocarbon containing the elemental mercury. The apparatus also includes a first stripping device which brings the first liquid hydrocarbon into counter-current contact with a first stripping gas, thereby transferring the elemental mercury in the first liquid hydrocarbon to the first stripping gas to obtain (i) a second liquid hydrocarbon in which the amount of the elemental mercury decreases and (ii) a first gaseous hydrocarbon containing the elemental mercury.

Abstract: A gas flow system and method are provided for controlling the moisture in a gas flow. The system may include a gas source from which gas flows, a processing chamber to which the gas flows, and a gas flow line through which the gas flows from the gas source to the processing chamber. The gas flow line may include a moisture control line section. The moisture control line section includes a pass-through line through which the gas may pass, so as to be exposed to a dryer. The exposure to a dryer may be controlled by a suitable valve. A scrubber is disposed in the gas flow line, the scrubber removing contaminates from the gas in the gas flow. The system may include a moisture sensor disposed in the gas flow, the moisture sensor sensing at least one parameter of the gas and outputting a signal representing the at least parameter to a moisture sensor controller, such that the moisture sensor controller determines the moisture in the gas.

Abstract: A modular scrubbing system is presented. The scrubber system comprises multiple modules that allow a gas flow to turn-around return back through scrubbing modules. Contemplated modules include inlets, outlets, turn-arounds, and scrubbing modules.

Abstract: An in-situ forced oxidation wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus, method and arrangement for utilization with oxy-fuel combustion power plants. The apparatus is a tower-like structure having a flue gas scrubbing zone and a reaction zone located subjacent to the gas scrubbing zone. A sulfur oxide absorbing liquid slurry is supplied to the gas scrubbing zone to react with and scrub the sulfur oxides from the flue gas. The partially reacted liquid slurry reagent and the scrubbed products drain into the reaction zone, rising to a set level. Oxidation air is introduced into the liquid slurry in the reaction zone to force the in-situ oxidation of sulfur compounds collected in the reaction zone.

Abstract: A sprinkler system and a method for mitigating scaling, microbiological influenced corrosion and oxidative corrosion are disclosed. The system includes a piping network in fluid communication with a source of pressurized water and an air pump. The network is vented to the ambient. The air pump moves initially dry ambient air through the system, either by maintaining a negative or a positive air pressure within the network. The dry air absorbs residual water within the network and exhausts it to the ambient. Rate of air flow through the system is controlled by restrictor elements such as orifices, throttle valves or venturies within the piping network.

Abstract: A recycling apparatus for spent protective atmosphere gas contaminated with fouling organic decomposition byproduct materials. The recycling apparatus includes a compressor having an inlet connected to a spent protective atmosphere gas supply line, and a solvent supply configured to supply solvent to a gas passage at or upstream of the compressor. The recycling apparatus also includes a first chamber connected to an outlet of the compressor, where the first chamber is configured to receive compressed gas from the compressor and to collect a mixture including the solvent and any contaminants entrapped or dissolved in the solvent.

Abstract: A system is configured to remove volatile organic compounds from a container. The system includes an enclosed contactor vessel having a first inlet to receive vapor containing volatile organic compounds from the container and a second inlet. The second inlet receives a vapor capture medium from a source. A contactor facilitates entrainment of the volatile organic compounds with the vapor capture medium while a first outlet recirculates treated vapor back to the container to effect a closed loop.

Abstract: A process and system (100) for removing contaminants from a solution to regenerate the solution within the system. The process includes providing a solution (165) from a wash vessel (160) to a stripping column (181), the solution (165) including contaminants removed from a flue gas stream (150) present in the wash vessel (160) and contacting the solution with steam (185) inside the stripping column (181) thereby removing the contaminants from the solution and regenerating the solution. The stripping column (181) is operated at a pressure less than about 700 kilopascal.

Abstract: An air filtering apparatus including an electrolytic bath for electrolyzing water to generate electrolytic water, a gas-liquid contact member in which the electrolytic water generated in the electrolytic bath infiltrates and an air blowing fan for blowing air to the gas-liquid contact member is equipped with a water circulation passage through which the electrolytic water is supplied/circulated to the gas-liquid contact member, the electrolytic water passing through the gas-liquid contact member is received and stocked by a water receiving tray and the stocked electrolytic water is pumped up and supplied to the gas-liquid contact member, a drain pipe branched from the water circulation passage, a water stop valve for opening/closing the drain pipe, and a drain receiver for receiving and stocking the electrolytic water discharged from the drain pipe when the water stop valve is opened.

Abstract: An inactivating device for inactivating virus, bacteria, etc. including a humidifying unit for humidifying flowing air, a humidifying water supply unit for supplying the humidifying unit with humidifying water containing active oxygen species achieved by electrolyzing tap water, and a concentration adjusting unit for adjusting the concentration of the active oxygen species in the humidifying water to a predetermined concentration.

Abstract: A contactor/separator is formed from a vessel; an inlet for receiving a vapor/liquid mixture; an inlet for receiving a superheated vapor; a hub located within the vessel, the hub including a plurality of vanes for imparting a centrifugal motion to the vapor/liquid mixture or the superheated vapor; an outlet in a bottom of the vessel for removing liquid; and an outlet for removing vapor from the vessel. A method is also provided for heating and separating liquid and vapor from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising introducing a hydrocarbon feedstock into a contactor/separator: introducing a superheated vapor into the contactor/separator such that it contacts and vaporizes a portion of the feedstock within the contactor/separator; separating unvaporized feedstock from vaporized feedstock in the contactor/separator; removing the vaporized feedstock and the superheated vapor through a first outlet; and removing the unvaporized feedstock through a second outlet.

Abstract: A gas filtration system includes a liquid filtering system and a gas transferring system. The liquid filtering system has multiple tanks connected to each which contains a gas scrubbing liquid through which the gas is bubbled. The gas transferring system includes pipes coupled with the tanks for transferring gases. The tanks include a dry tank that is used for storing one or more of pumps, filters and a gas flow buffer.

Abstract: A gas mixer (10) for mixing a first gas stream with a second gas stream includes an impact labyrinth (24) in the first gas stream having structures (25), e.g., corrugated walls, forming a tortuous path through which the first gas stream must pass en route to a mixing point (20) in the gas mixer. The labyrinth fosters ignition of particles entrained in the first gas stream. Elongate, straight pipes (30) receive the first gas stream from the impact labyrinth (24) and carrying the first gas stream to the mixing point (20) the pipes (30) are positioned with a vessel (12) carrying the second gas stream. The pipes (30) have openings which are substantially aligned with the flow direction of the second gas stream at the mixing point (20) thereby introducing the first gas stream into the second gas stream in a low shear manner.

Abstract: The sun imparts 174 petawatt per second on the earth, and a large portion of this energy is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere in the form of translational energy for the gaseous molecules, i.e. continuous random motion in the average speed range of 500 meters per second on earth's surface. This invention utilizes a partition with large number of through-holes which all have the characteristic of providing greater cross section for gas molecules to transit from one side to the other than the reverse, thus creating a higher statistical probability for the molecules to move from one side of the partition to the other side.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for purifying a waste fluid stream. The system includes a recirculation pump having an inlet for a recirculation stream and an outlet to expel a pressurized stream. The system includes a compressor having an inlet for an evaporation stream and an outlet for a pressurized evaporation stream. A primary heat exchanger has inlets for the pressurized stream and the pressurized evaporation stream, an internal surface area for heat transfer from the evaporation stream to the pressurized stream, and outlets for a cooled product stream and a heated pressurized stream. The heated pressurized stream is formed by heating the pressurized stream and the cooled product stream is formed by cooling the evaporation stream. The system includes an evaporation unit having an inlet for the heated pressurized stream and outlets for an evaporation stream and the recycled liquid bottoms stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas conditioning system for processing an input gas from a low temperature gasification system to an output gas of desired characteristics. The system comprises a two-stage process, the first stage separating heavy metals and particulate matter in a dry phase, and the second stage including further processing steps of removing acid gases, and/or other contaminants. Optional processes include adjusting the humidity and temperature of the input gas as it passes through the gas conditioning system. The presence and sequence of processing steps is determined by the composition of the input gas, the desired composition of output gas for downstream applications, and by efficiency and waste minimization.

Abstract: A process for maintaining a low carbon monoxide content in a carbon dioxide product that is made in a synthesis gas purification process is disclosed. More particularly, the invention involves an improved process in which a portion of a loaded solvent is sent through a carbon dioxide absorber instead of to a series of carbon dioxide flash drums.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method that increase the concentration of recycled hydrogen in the hydrogenation unit are disclosed having a hydration separation unit included between the high-pressure separator and hydrocracking reactor. A part of the recycled hydrogen contacts with the water-in-oil microemulsion to form hydrates from which the light hydrocarbon components are removed. The gas flow entering into the hydration separation unit is present in amount of 20%˜100% of the total gas flow coming from the high-pressure separator; the water-in-oil microemulsion, in which the volume ratio of oil and water is 1:1 to 5:1 may increase hydrogen partial pressure in the reactor and thus upgrade the performance of hydrogenation.

Abstract: A process for separating carbon dioxide from a fluid containing carbon dioxide, NO2, and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen comprises the steps of separating at least part of the fluid into a carbon dioxide enriched stream, a carbon dioxide depleted stream comprising CO2 and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and a NO2 enriched stream and recycling said NO2 enriched stream upstream of the separation step.

Abstract: A process of removal of CO2 from a flue gas (2). The process comprises the steps of: a) providing a flue gas comprising CO2 (2), b) contacting the flue gas of step (a) with an ammonia-comprising medium (9), to absorb CO2 from said flue gas; and c) condensing ammonia (4) present in the flue gas leaving step (b), to remove ammonia from said flue gas. A system for removal of CO2 from a flue gas. A system for removal of CO2 from a flue gas. The system comprises a CO2 absorber (1) receiving the flue gas (2) and comprising an ammonia-comprising medium (9). The system further comprises an ammonia condenser (4) receiving flue gas (3) leaving the CO2 absorber.

Abstract: A system is configured to remove volatile organic compounds from a container. The system includes a vapor capture medium that is provided in a containment, and a particulatizer. The particulatizer is positioned to (i) receive volatile organic compounds that are removed from the container in a vapor flow, and (ii) introduce the volatile organic compounds into the vapor capture medium as micro-sized particles. The vapor capture medium is in liquid form and has a composition that is inherently attracted to bond with at least some of the volatile organic compounds that are removed from the container in the vapor flow, so that the vapor capture medium captures at least some of the micro-sized particles of volatile organic compounds that are introduced through the particulatizer.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods are provided involving a reduced-temperature wet scrubbing system adapted to scrub effluent gases within an abatement system. The reduced-temperature wet scrubbing system may include a wet scrubber adapted to be operated within a range of reduced temperatures and a cooling system adapted to maintain the wet scrubber within the range of reduced temperatures, which is below 23° C. The cooling system may include a coolant, preferably chilled water, adapted to cool the wet scrubber. The wet scrubbing system further may include an indication device, such as a temperature sensor, to indicate whether the wet scrubber is within the temperatures range. A controller in communication with the indication device may be provided to control the cooling system. In addition, the wet scrubbing system may include baffles and nozzles spraying chilled mist along a path of the effluent gas between an abatement tool and the wet scrubber.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing an amount of ammonia in a flue gas stream. The system 100 includes: a wash vessel 180 for receiving an ammonia-containing flue gas stream 170, the wash vessel 180 including a first absorption stage 181a and a second absorption stage 181b, each of the first absorption stage 181a and the second absorption stage 181b having a mass transfer device 184; and a liquid 187 introduced to the wash vessel 180, the liquid 187 for absorbing ammonia from the ammonia-containing flue gas stream 170 thereby forming an ammonia-rich liquid 192 and a reduced ammonia containing flue gas stream 190 exiting the wash vessel 180.

Abstract: Method for purifying hydrogen chloride gas containing aromatic organic compounds, comprising at least one step of contacting the said hydrogen chloride with a scrubbing agent containing 1,2-dichlorethane.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a monoolefin production system comprising an extraction-hydrogenation zone for extracting a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon from an olefin stream into a polar solvent and, in situ, hydrogenating the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a monoolefin. In other embodiments, monoolefin production systems include an extraction-hydrogenation zone for performing the extraction and hydrogenating steps in situ. In alternative embodiments, the hydrogenation zone is disposed downstream from the extraction zone.

Abstract: An ammonia contact scrubber system (10) for removing ammonia from a fuel stream for a fuel cell (16) includes a contact scrubber (12) having a scrubber fuel inlet (14) and a scrubber fuel exhaust (20) for directing flow of the fuel stream through support material (24) within the scrubber (12) and into the fuel cell (16). An acid circulating loop (26) has an acid holding tank (28) holding a liquid acid solution (30), an acid feed line (32) secured in fluid communication between the holding tank (28) and a scrubber acid inlet (36) of the contact scrubber (12), an acid return (38) for returning the acid solution from the scrubber (12) to the acid holding tank (28), and an acid circulation pump (42) for pumping the acid solution (30) through the acid circulating loop (26) and through the support material (24) within the scrubber (12).

Abstract: Methods of using microchannel separation systems including absorbents to improve thermal efficiency and reduce parasitic power loss. Energy is typically added to desorb a solute and then energy or heat is removed to absorb a solute using a working solution. The working solution or absorbent may comprise an ionic liquid, or other fluids that demonstrate a difference in affinity between a solute and other gases in a solution.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for injecting two-phase (gas+solid) carbon dioxide into a gas stream. Liquid carbon dioxide is cryogenically expanded into two-phase carbon dioxide, which is then injected into the center of the stream. An inerting gas is also injected into the stream along with the two-phase carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An absorbing tower is provided in its side wall with a gas entrance for introducing a combustion exhaust gas into the absorbing tower, and an absorbing liquid is sprayed from the nozzles of a spray header into the exhaust gas introduced to rise from the gas entrance. A trough is arranged in the side wall of the absorbing tower and above the gas entrance, and a nose having a horseshoe shape in a top plan view and extending into tower is disposed in the tower side wall portion of the gas entrance other than the portion arranging the trough and at the same or at substantially the same height as the portion of the trough. The absorbing liquid, which is sprayed from the nozzle and drops along the absorbing tower wall portion, is rescattered to the center portion of the absorbing tower excepting the entrance of the absorbing tower, so that the gas-liquid contact efficiency is improved while suppressing an increase in pressure loss, thereby to prevent the drift of the gas at the tower wall portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a methods and systems for the removal of contaminants from a gas stream, comprising the steps of: a)introducing CO2 into a wash water stream to obtain a CO2 enriched wash water; and b) contacting said CO2 enriched wash water with the gas stream containing contaminants to be removed to allow absorption of the contaminants into the CO2 enriched wash water. The present invention further relates to the use of CO2 enriched wash water for removal of alkaline contaminants from a gas stream in a gas purification system.

Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions containing methane are collected at the source and dispersed into the soil via subsurface drip irrigation techniques. In one embodiment, methane gas generated from anaerobic digestion in a septic tank, such as a decentralized septic system, is disposed of via a subsurface wastewater disposal system. Secondary-treated wastewater effluent from the septic tank and the air/methane gas drawn from above the septic tank can be alternately pumped downstream to a drain field containing a time-dosed dispersal system comprising drip irrigation emitters in downstream driplines. Alternatively, the air/methane gas can be simultaneously drawn from the septic tank and injected into the pressure flow of wastewater effluent via a venturi-type mixer-injector. The methane gas pumped through the drip system into the soil can oxidize and break down into carbon dioxide as one of its by-products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in air of a closed or partially closed unit of space. The inventive method may comprise the steps of removing an air flow from the unit of space, guiding the air flow in a membrane system that may contain at least one membrane module having a CO2/O2 selectivity of greater than 2, removing the carbon dioxide permeated through the membrane, and returning the air flow that has been depleted of carbon dioxide in the membrane system to the unit of space. The inventive method may be optionally combined with an oxygen enrichment method. The invention also relates to corresponding devices for carrying out the inventive method.

Abstract: A gas (1) comprising hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon contaminants is treated in a plant (FIG. 2) in a configuration in which waste streams are recycled to extinction. In especially preferred aspects of contemplated methods and configurations, hydrogen sulfide and other sulfurous components are converted to a sulfur product (37), carbon dioxide (44A) is separated at a purity sufficient for enhanced oil recovery or sale, and hydrocarbon contaminants are purified to a marketable hydrocarbon product (49).

Abstract: A process and system for removing tars from synthesis gas uses glycerol produced as a byproduct of biodiesel manufacture. The biodiesel may be made from various oil feedstocks such as canola, rapeseed, or soybean oils. Associated with the harvesting of these crops may be the ready availability of byproduct biomass useful as feedstock for gasification. In addition, methanol may be sourced from the gasification of biomass to exploit a potential synergy between biodiesel manufacture and biomass gasification. The present invention develops those synergies further by making use of a byproduct stream from the manufacture of biodiesel to remove tars from the gasifier synthesis gas and to provide a useful end use for the byproduct.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for the extraction of water from air incorporated into a wall of a building has a cavity formed in the wall. The cavity has an air inlet and an air outlet. A condensing surface is disposed within the cavity and is adapted to direct condensed water to a water storage unit. In another aspect of the present invention, the cavity is formed between two different building walls.

Abstract: A method for the continuous process of fluids is based on mixing the fluid with a supercritical fluid. The mixing of the two fluids may be accomplished using either a co-flow or counter-flow process. The process focuses on the difference in the solubilities of the desired and the undesired components into supercritical fluid and de-emphasizes the influence of the contaminating components of the fluid to be processed. The process of the present invention is particularly advantageous to the recycling of industrial waste fluids, such as used oil, wherein the process is carried out by jet spray micro-orifices atomization of waste material with a supercritical fluid to dissolve oil from the waste material. Additional mixing devices such as an ultrasonic gun may be employed. Thereafter, un-dissolved components are separated first and the dissolved fluid is then separated from the supercritical fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a purification device for flue gases a purification device for flue gases comprising a primary purification tower, a washing tower and an adsorption tower which are connected in sequence. The washing tower is a spray tower and the adsorption tower includes a plurality of standard flashboards inserted into its flue gases duct. A plurality of washing nozzles are placed in a central part of an inner space of the spray tower, a plurality of sieve plates are placed in a lower part of an inner space of the spray tower and a gas-liquid segregating unit is placed in an upper part of an inner space of the spray tower. The device is simple in technique, convenient in operation and can completely remove the harmful ingredients from the flue gases, and thereby reducing the harm of flue gases upon human bodies and environment.

Abstract: An ammonia based CO2 capture system and method is provided in which multiple absorption stages are provided. Each absorption stage delivers an ionic solution at a predetermined temperature and contacts it with a flue gas stream.

Abstract: A bioreactor and process is described which offers a transition or continuum between one or more of (a) from biotrickling filter conditions to biofilter conditions, (b) changing media characteristics, c) liquid or nutrient recirculation rates or frequency, (d) pH, (e) gas velocity, (f) retention time along the gas flow passage or (g) cross-sectional area. For example, media may be arranged in sections of a rectangle, with gas flow in a horizontal direction sequentially through the sections, and liquid flow in a vertical direction from top to bottom in one or more sections. Zonal control of process conditions may be provided as the gas passes from inlet to outlet and liquid is introduced at the top of one or more zones and flows down by gravity.

Abstract: In order to reduce incoming atmospheric carbon dioxide levels in compressed air prior to cryogenic distillation, a water spray cooling tower equipped with biocatalytic packing, or fed with absorptive reagents, is used to convert gaseous carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions which dissolve in the cooling water. The hydration reaction and refrigeration occur synergistically. The bicarbonate ions are subsequently removed from the solution using the heat from the compressed air in a regenerator re-boiler unit, and then fed to a percolation cooling tower for releasing CO2 and cooling.

Abstract: A method of scrubbing flue gases of two or more diesel engines and a scrubber for scrubbing flue gases of two or more diesel engines. The scrubber (1) comprises scrubbing means (3) for scrubbing the flue gases, and conduits (4) for conveying the flue gases to said scrubbing means (3) to be scrubbed in the same scrubbing process. The different flue gas flows are arranged to be conveyed in separate conduits (4) all the way to the scrubbing means (3).

Abstract: Flue-gas scrubber, comprising at least one horizontally installed drop separator module mounted by means of carrying beams and at least one nozzle-spraying plant having at least one nozzle-spraying pipe, the at least one nozzle-spraying plant being designed with a supporting structure for the nozzle-spraying pipes, characterized in that the supporting structure is designed with at least one suspension which at least partially surrounds a carrying beam and which has for at least one carrying bar mountings projecting on both sides of the carrying beam, this at least one carrying bar serving as a rest for the at least one nozzle-spraying pipe.

Abstract: A modular scrubbing system is presented. The scrubber system comprises multiple modules that allow a gas flow to turn-around return back through scrubbing modules. Contemplated modules include inlets, outlets, turn-arounds, and scrubbing modules.

Abstract: A gas scrubber is presented. The gas scrubber comprises a nozzle that atomizes a liquid to form droplets. The droplets are preferably expelled from the nozzle in substantially a hollow cone spray pattern with a velocity of at least 4000 feet per minute. A stream of gas containing particulates that requires scrubbing interacts with the droplets. After the interaction, the gas-droplet combination impinges on a target. Preferred targets include droplets from a second nozzle, a ducting surface, or a throated passage.