Abstract: The present relates to a start-up circuit, which is used for starting up a variable power supply circuit, which comprises a detection circuit and a transition circuit. The detection circuit is used for detecting an output voltage of the variable power supply and producing a detection signal. The transition circuit is coupled to the detection circuit. It transits the level of the detection signal and produces a control signal for starting up or cutting off the variable power supply. Thereby, the problem of incapability in transition can be avoided as well as achieving the purpose of low power consumption.

Abstract: An amplifier is disclosed. In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, an amplifier may comprise a differential pair comprising a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein the first transistor comprises a first portion and a second portion, a first compensation circuit comprising a first terminal coupled to the first portion of the first transistor and a second terminal coupled to the second transistor, and a second compensation circuit comprising a first terminal coupled to the second portion of the first transistor and a second terminal coupled to the second transistor and the second terminal of the first compensation circuit.

Abstract: A discharge control device in an electric power conversion system mounted to a motor vehicle turns off a relay in order to instruct an electric power conversion circuit to supply a reactive current into a motor generator, and thereby to decrease a capacitor voltage to a diagnostic voltage. After this process, the discharge control device outputs an emergency discharging instruction signal dis in order to turn on both power switching elements at high voltage side and a low voltage side in the electric power conversion circuit. This makes a short circuit between the electrodes of the capacitor in order to discharge the capacitor, and executes a discharging control to detect whether or not an emergency discharging control is correctly executed and completed. The discharge control device detects whether or not the electric power stored in the capacitor is discharged on the basis of the voltage of a voltage sensor.

Abstract: A switching power source circuit includes a first reactor having coils L1-1 and L1-2 connected in series, a second reactor connected in series with the first reactor, a series circuit connected with a DC power source and including the first reactor, the second reactor, a capacitor C1, a diode D1, and an output capacitor, a switching element Q1 connected between a connection point of the coils and the DC power source, a series circuit including a switching element Q2 and a capacitor C2 and connected to a connection point of the coils and to a connection point of the capacitor C1 and diode D1, a reactor L2 connected between a connection point of the capacitor C1 and diode D1 and the DC power source, and a controller controlling ON/OFF of the switching element Q2 so that the switching element Q1 carries out zero-volt switching when turned on.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of controlling power converters is achieved that produces high light-load efficiency and reduced output voltage ripple while maintaining quiet operation that is free from audible noise. The inventive method includes a variable on-time control circuit that is applicable to a wide variety of switching mode converters, including, but not limited to, boost converters, buck converters, buck-boost converters, single-ended primary inductor (SEPIC) converters, and other converter topologies, both isolated and non-isolated.

Abstract: A charge accumulation circuit having a structure in which a capacitor is divided into a plurality of pieces and the divided capacitors are connected in parallel through switches is provided. The charge accumulation circuit controls the switch provided between the capacitors and thus can dynamically vary electrostatic capacitance of the charge accumulation circuit which applies a voltage to a constant voltage circuit.

Abstract: A power management (PM) system architecture for a controlled SoC detects availability of power supply for signal-driving at a given node inside a chip, and uses a timer, a discharge mechanism with trigger for starting/stopping a discharge process, and a comparator for monitoring a measured voltage of an intended node during the discharge process. Enabling the discharge mechanism for a known time period helps detection. Power supply can be internally generated in the chip or from a source on board. The architecture detects if the node is driven or floating, an undriven floating node causing a dip in the measured voltage. The measured voltage does not have a dip when the node is driven. The architecture is also configured so that when there is a required on-board external power supply, an internal power supply is disabled to avoid a race-condition. The architecture obviates a dedicated IO pin for mode-indication.

Abstract: Generating an adjustable bandgap reference voltage comprises generating a current proportional to absolute temperature comprising an equalization of the voltages across the terminals of a core designed to then be traversed by the said current proportional to absolute temperature, generating a current inversely proportional to absolute temperature, summing these two currents and generating said bandgap reference voltage on the basis of the said sum of currents; the said equalization comprises a connection across the terminals of the core of a first fed-back amplifier possessing at least one first stage arranged as a folded setup and comprising first PMOS transistors arranged according to a common-gate setup, and a biasing of the said first stage on the basis of the said current inversely proportional to absolute temperature, the said summation of the two currents being performed in the feedback stage of the first amplifier.

Abstract: A multiple output DC-to-DC voltage converter using a new time-multiplexed-capacitor converter algorithm and related circuit topologies is herein disclosed. One embodiment of this invention includes a flying capacitor, a first output node, a second output node, and a switching network. The switching network configured to provide the following modes of circuit operation: 1) a first mode where the positive electrode of the flying capacitor is connected to an input voltage and the negative electrode of the flying capacitor is connected to ground; 2) a second mode where the negative electrode of the flying capacitor is connected to the input voltage and the positive electrode of the flying capacitor is connected to the first output node; and 3) a third mode where the positive electrode of the flying capacitor is connected to ground and the negative electrode of the flying capacitor is connected to the second output node.

Abstract: A control circuit adapted to a DC-DC converting circuit is disclosed. The controller comprises a reference voltage generator, a reference voltage adjusting circuit, a feedback circuit and a driving circuit. The reference voltage adjusting circuit generates an adjusted reference voltage according to a reference voltage generated by the reference voltage generator. The feedback circuit generates a feedback control signal according to the adjusted reference voltage and the feedback signal. The driving circuit generates at least one control signal for controlling the converting circuit according to the feedback control signal.

Abstract: A voltage regulator includes an amplifier, a power device, a delay signal generator, and a voltage-generating circuit. The amplifier generates a control signal according to a reference voltage and a feedback voltage. The power switch generates the output voltage by regulating the output current according to the switch control signal. The delay signal generator generates a plurality of sequential delay signals each having distinct delay time with respect to an externally applied power-on burst signal. The voltage-generating circuit provides an equivalent resistance for generating the feedback voltage corresponding to the output voltage, and regulates the output voltage by adjusting the equivalent resistance according to the plurality of sequential delay signals.

Abstract: A power regulation circuit is connected to a voltage supply unit for receiving a power-on voltage supplied by the voltage supply unit and to a voltage management unit for enabling an enable port thereof. The power regulation circuit includes a first regulation unit and the second regulation unit. The first regulation unit is used for outputting an enable signal to the enable port when the power-on voltage is lower than a threshold value such that the voltage management unit can output a first working voltage to a load via a first output port thereof. The first regulation unit stops outputting the enable signal after the expiry of a certain period of time following the drop in a power supply to a level which is below a certain threshold value for a predetermined period.

Abstract: A generator of a voltage logarithmically variable with temperature may include a differential amplifier having a pair of transistors, each coupled with a respective bias network adapted to bias in a conduction state the transistors first and second respectively with a constant current and with a current proportional to the working absolute temperature. The pair of transistors may generate between their control nodes the voltage logarithmically variable with temperature. The differential amplifier may have a common bias current generator coupled between the common terminal of the differential pair of transistors and a node at a reference potential, and a feedback line to provide a path for the current difference between the sum of currents flowing through the transistors of the differential pair and the common bias current.

Abstract: A circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a voltage follower and a current mirror. The first resistor converts a current flowing through the first resistor to a voltage drop between positive and negative sides of the first resistor. The second resistor is coupled to the negative side of the first resistor. The voltage follower is coupled to the positive side of the first resistor via a non-inverting terminal, and coupled to the negative side of the first resistor through the second resistor via an inverting terminal to cause a voltage at the inverting terminal to follow a voltage at the non-inverting terminal. The current mirror is coupled to the voltage follower to provide a sensing current proportional to the current flowing through the first resistor.

Abstract: A system and method of improving the power efficiency of a receiver for low duty cycle applications. In one aspect, the receiver includes a low noise amplifier (LNA) that is capable of being enabled in a relatively quick fashion so as to amplify an incoming signal when needed, and then being disabled to set the LNA in a low power consumption mode. In particular, the LNA includes a pair of complimentary devices, and an enable circuit adapted to quickly cause the complimentary devices to conduct substantially the same current. In another aspect, a bias voltage generating apparatus is provided that uses a residual voltage from a prior operation to establish the current bias voltage for the LNA. In particular, the apparatus includes a controller adapted to tune an adjustable capacitor to a capacitance based on a residual voltage applied to a fixed capacitor, and couple the capacitors together to establish the bias voltage.

Abstract: A converting controller is provided and comprises a first comparing unit, a second comparing unit, a duty cycle operating unit and a reference voltage supplying unit. The first comparing unit receives a detecting signal representing a state of the load and a first reference signal, and generates a first comparing signal accordingly. The duty cycle operating unit controls power conversion of the converting circuit according to the first comparing signal. The second comparing unit receives the detecting signal and a second reference signal, and generates a second comparing signal accordingly. The reference voltage supplying unit supplies the first reference signal and adjusts a level of the first reference signal in response to the second comparing signal.

Abstract: A voltage regulator includes a power supply unit configured to generate a power supply voltage based on a reference voltage and a feedback voltage, configured to control a current level of a power supply line based on a first control signal, and configured to generate a driving signal based on a second control signal, the power supply voltage being provided to an external logic circuit through the power supply line, and the current level of the power supply line being additionally controlled outside the power supply unit based on the driving signal, and a feedback unit configured to generate the feedback voltage based on the power supply voltage, and configured to control a level of the feedback voltage based on a third control signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a charge pump circuit with current detecting and a method thereof. The current detecting charge pump circuit includes a controlled current source, a load circuit which electrically connects to the charge pump circuit unit, and is driven by the charge pump circuit unit to generate a load current. A detecting circuit unit electrically connects to the load circuit, and produces a feedback signal according to the load circuit. A feedback circuit unit which electrically connects to the detecting circuit unit, receives the feedback signal, and adjusts a current of the controlled current source according to the feedback signal. The charge pump circuit also includes a protecting circuit unit which is able to detect feedback signal to protect the circuit according to the feedback signal.

Abstract: A reverse current prevention circuit, connected to an input terminal, an output terminal, and a driver transistor, including a current detection circuit to detect a current flowing through the driver transistor, and convert the detected current into a detection voltage; a proportional voltage generator to generate a proportional voltage proportional to a difference voltage between an input voltage at the input terminal and an output voltage at the output terminal; an inversely-proportional voltage generator to generate an inversely-proportional voltage inversely proportional to the difference voltage between the input voltage and the output voltage; and a comparison circuit to compares the generated voltages. When the detection voltage, the proportional voltage, and the inversely-proportional voltage are equal, the comparison circuit determines that the indication of the reverse current is detected and prevents the reverse current flowing from the output terminal to the input terminal.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide for a voltage regulator having one or more Zener diodes coupled in series between an output voltage and system ground. The one or more Zener diodes are in a reverse biased configuration. A transistor is coupled in series with the one or more Zener diodes between the one or more Zener diodes and system ground. A control circuit is coupled to the transistor and configured to adjust the transistor to control a voltage level of the output voltage. The control circuit is configured such that transistor is adjusted substantially independent of values of the one or more Zener diodes.

Abstract: Provided is a voltage regulator capable of enabling overcurrent protection in a state in which an output current is large even if an input/output voltage difference is small, without waiting until the output voltage decreases. A sense current that a sense transistor flows is detected by a differential amplifier circuit, and hence, in the state in which the input/output voltage difference is small and the output current is large, the overcurrent protection can be enabled even when the output voltage does not decrease. Further, a good fold-back characteristic can be obtained.

Abstract: A voltage regulator includes a constant voltage power circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit. The constant voltage power circuit generates an output voltage, an output current and a divided voltage. The overcurrent protection circuit includes a current sensing unit, a first mirroring unit, a voltage to current converting unit, a second mirroring unit, and a pull up unit. The current sensing unit generates a sensing current according to the output current. The first mirroring unit generates a first mirroring current. The first mirroring current is proportional to the output current. The voltage to current converting unit is used for converting the divided voltage into a first current. The second mirroring unit generates a second mirroring current. The second mirroring current is proportional to the second current. The pull up unit controls the output voltage and the output current according to the first mirroring current and the second mirroring current.

Abstract: An open loop modulation network for a voltage regulator including a latch network, an output sense network, a timing network, and pulse control logic. The latch network latches assertion of a pulse control signal and provides a corresponding latched control pulse indication. The output sense network detects initiation of an output pulse and provides a corresponding output pulse indication. The timing network initiates a delay period in response to the output pulse indication and resets the latched control pulse indication after expiration of the delay period. The pulse control logic terminates the output pulse after the latched control pulse indication is reset and the pulse control signal is negated, whichever occurs last. Very narrow input pulses are detected and either a minimum output pulse is generated or the output pulse is based on the pulse control signal.

Abstract: A regulator for providing a low dropout voltage at an output node of the regulator is provided. An amplifier has a non-inverting input terminal for receiving an input voltage, an inverting input terminal and an output terminal. A first resistor is coupled between a ground and the inverting input terminal of the amplifier. A second resistor is coupled to the inverting input terminal of the amplifier. A first transistor is coupled between a voltage source and the second resistor. A current source coupled between the voltage source and a gate of the first transistor provides a bias current. A second transistor coupled between the first transistor and a current mirror has a gate coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier. The first and second transistors are different type MOS transistors. The replica unit generates the low dropout voltage according to a voltage of the output terminal of the amplifier.

Abstract: A voltage converter includes a voltage converting circuit, a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller, a feedback circuit, an adjusting circuit, and a measuring circuit. The voltage converting circuit converts an input voltage to a low output voltage for a load. The PWM controller includes a comparator and a triangular-wave oscillator. The comparator is connected to the voltage converting circuit and outputs a PWM voltage to the voltage converting circuit. The triangular-wave oscillator is connected to an inverting terminal of the comparator, and outputs a sawtooth-wave voltage to the comparator. The feedback circuit is connected to a non-inverting terminal of the comparator and outputs a feedback voltage to the comparator. The measuring circuit measures current output from the voltage converting circuit and controls the adjusting circuit to provide a pull-up voltage to the triangular-wave oscillator when the measured current decreases, thereby increasing the duty ratio of the PWM voltage.

Abstract: A load capacitor is connected to a power supply terminal of a DUT. A current detection unit detects an output current output from a power supply apparatus. A nonlinear control unit controls its output amount so as to provide a balance between an amount of charge with which the load capacitor is charged or discharged in a first period, from a first timing at which a change occurs in a load current that flows into the power supply terminal of the DUT until a second timing at which the load current matches the output current, and an amount of charge with which the load capacitor is charged or discharged in a second period, from the second timing until a third timing at which the control operation ends.

Abstract: A sensing device transmits wireless signals when an error between at least one sampled parameter value and at least one predicted parameter value is too great, such that the sensing device transmits wireless signals to a load control device using a variable transmission rate that is dependent upon the amount of change in a value of the parameter. The sensing device uses the one or more estimators to determine the predicted parameter value, and may transmit the estimators to the load control device if the error is too great. The load control device uses the estimators to determine at least one estimated parameter value and controls the electrical load in response to the estimated parameter value. The sensing device may comprise, for example, a daylight sensor for measuring a total light intensity in the space around the sensor or a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature around the sensor.

Abstract: The power supply device according to the present invention comprises a first power supply circuit arranged to generate a first output voltage from an input voltage; and a second power supply circuit arranged to generate from the input voltage a second output voltage that is less than the first output voltage, wherein the first power supply circuit performs feedback control of the first output voltage so as to cause a first feedback voltage that corresponds to the first output voltage to match a predetermined reference voltage; and the second power supply circuit performs feedback control of the second output voltage so as to cause a second feedback voltage that corresponds to the second output voltage to match the first feedback voltage.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, apparatus for high-efficiency, thermally-compensated regulators. In an example, a regulator can include a zener diode having a first temperature coefficient, the zener diode configured couple to an output and to provide at least a portion of a reference voltage, a transistor having a second temperature coefficient, the transistor configured to receive the reference voltage, to receive a representation of the output, and to provide feedback information indicative of an error of the output using the representation of the output voltage and the reference voltage, and wherein the first temperature coefficient and the second temperature coefficient are configured to reduce at least a portion of a temperature drift effect of the zener diode and the transistor.

Abstract: A low noise current buffer circuit includes a first transistor, for receiving an input current, a second transistor, for draining a first current from a drain of the second transistor according to the input current received by the first transistor, a third transistor, for outputting first current, a fourth transistor, for outputting a second current to an output resistor, to generate an output voltage, and a feedback capacitor, for eliminating impacts of noise of a system voltage on the output voltage.

Abstract: Miniaturization of a multiphase type power supply device can be achieved. A power supply control unit in which, for example, a microcontroller unit, a memory unit and an analog controller unit are formed over a single chip, a plurality of PWM-equipped drive units, and a plurality of inductors configure a multiphase power supply. The microcontroller unit outputs clock signals each having a frequency and a phase defined based on a program on the memory unit to the respective PWM-equipped drive units. The analog controller unit detects a difference between a voltage value of a load and a target voltage value acquired via a serial interface and outputs an error amp signal therefrom. Each of the PWM-equipped drive units drives each inductor by a peak current control system using the clock signal and the error amp signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes a reference voltage generation unit, a comparison voltage generation unit, and a calibration unit. The reference voltage generation unit is disposed in a reference die and configured to generate a reference voltage. The comparison voltage generation unit is disposed in a die stacked on the reference die and configured to generate a comparison voltage in response to a calibration control signal. The calibration unit is configured to compare a level of the reference voltage with a level of the comparison voltage and generate the calibration control signal.

Abstract: There are provided an operation input unit that pulls down or pulls up a signal input from an operating unit, a control unit that executes a predetermined operation according to the signal input through the operation input unit, and a power control unit that controls the control unit so as not to execute the predetermined operation and also controls the input unit so as not to pull down or pull up the signal according to a state of supplied electric power.

Abstract: An electronic circuit includes: a first power line capable of supplying power; a second power line capable of supplying power independently from the first power line; a main circuit connected to the second power line; a detector that detects the supply of power from the first power line or the second power line; and a controller connected to the first power line and the second power line, wherein the controller controls a voltage or a current supplied from the first power line and supplies the voltage or the current to the main circuit when the detector detects supply of power from the first power line.

Abstract: A system includes a controllable voltage generator to generate a power supply voltage. The system also includes a system controller to determine a voltage level associated with the power supply voltage, and prompt the controllable voltage generator to generate the power supply voltage. The system includes a floating gate reference device to generate an absolute voltage reference based, at least in part, on the voltage level associated with the power supply voltage. The system can also include analog circuitry to perform one or more electrical operations responsive to the absolute voltage reference from the floating gate reference device.

Abstract: An electronic system can include a switch and a regulator coupled to the switch. The switch can be used to deliver electricity from a first terminal to a second terminal. The switch can also be used to prevent the second terminal from having a level that is higher than a predefined operation level limit by controlling the status of the switch according to a supply signal at the first terminal. The regulator can be used to adjust a regulated signal at the second terminal according to the supply signal.

Abstract: A voltage regulation circuit includes: a first voltage divider that divides a regulation voltage with a predetermined division ratio to generate a division voltage; a first current driving force control unit configured to compare a reference voltage with the division voltage and generate a first control signal; a current driving unit configured to generate a driving current with a variable driving force based on the first control signal and a second control signal, and generate the regulation voltage; and a second current driving force control unit configured to generate the second control signal in accordance with a level variation of the regulation voltage.

Abstract: Switched-mode power supplies (SMPSs) and their control methods for radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers in battery-powered wireless transmitter devices involve a Boost-type SMPS and a Buck-type SMPS in cascade connection which are controlled so that high efficiency is maintained for various loads and transmission power levels. The Boost SMPS and the Buck SMPS can be controlled based on the mode of operation of the transmitter, such as the actual battery voltage, the needed output power, the selected frequency band, the selected RF power amplifier (PA), the selected modulation method of the transmission signal, and/or the selected PA voltage control method, such as the envelope elimination and restoration (EER) technique, the envelope tracking (ET) technique, or the power-level tracking (PT) technique.

Abstract: A power semiconductor device is provided that includes a depletion mode (normally ON) main switching device cascoded with a higher speed switching device, resulting in an enhancement mode (normally OFF) FET device for switching power applications. The main switching device comprises a depletion mode GaN-based HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) FET that does not include an intrinsic body diode. In one or more embodiments, the higher speed switching device comprises a high speed FET semiconductor switch arranged or connected in parallel with a Schottky diode. The high speed FET semiconductor switch may comprise a Si FET, GaN FET or any other type of FET which possesses higher speed switching capabilities and a lower voltage than that of the GaN-based HEMT FET. In some embodiments, the GaN-based HEMT FET and the higher speed switching device (i.e., the FET and Schottky diode) may be monolithically integrated on the same substrate.

Abstract: A low drop-out (LDO) voltage regulator with efficient frequency compensation is disclosed. The LDO voltage regulator includes an error amplifier, a transmission element, a voltage divider and a pole control unit. The error amplifier generates a control signal according to a reference voltage and a feedback voltage. The transmission element is coupled to the error amplifier, and adjusts an input voltage to generate an output voltage according to the control signal. The voltage divider is coupled to the transmission element, and performs a voltage division operation on the output voltage to generate the feedback voltage. The pole control unit is coupled to the transmission element, and provides and adjusts an output capacitor of the LDO voltage regulator to fix a frequency of a pole according to variation of an output impedance of the transmission element, so as to maintain loop stability.

Abstract: A constant voltage circuit converts a voltage input to an input terminal and outputs a predetermined constant voltage from an output terminal. The constant voltage circuit includes an output transistor that outputs an electrical current corresponding to a control signal input thereto to the output terminal, a differential amplifier circuit that outputs the control signal according to a difference between a comparative voltage proportional to the output voltage and a predetermined reference voltage, a current mirror circuit that serves as a load of a pair of input transistors included in the differential amplifier circuit, and a voltage comparator that compares a voltage at a control electrode of a transistor included in the current mirror circuit and a voltage of the control signal. The differential amplifier circuit controls a bias electrical current supplied to the pair of input transistors according to a comparison result of the voltage comparison.

Abstract: Electronic circuit arrangement (5) with one or more semiconductor main relays (1) being connected to at least one semiconductor driver stage (3) for the actuation of loads (4), in which case the semiconductor main relay (1) connects the loads and the drivers to a voltage supply so that they can be disabled, and the semiconductor main relay(s) is (are) operated as a voltage controller in selected situations and as a semiconductor switch in the other situations. In addition, the invention relates to the use of the above circuit arrangement in a motor vehicle brake system, in particular in a driving dynamics control system, or a system for chassis control or in an electronic actuation unit for vehicle safety systems.

Abstract: A charge accumulation circuit having a structure in which a capacitor is divided into a plurality of pieces and the divided capacitors are connected in parallel through switches is provided. The charge accumulation circuit controls the switch provided between the capacitors and thus can dynamically vary electrostatic capacitance of the charge accumulation circuit which applies a voltage to a constant voltage circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides circuits and methods for regulating and/or controlling integrated circuits such as drivers and switching regulators. The circuit generally includes a first switch configured to control or regulate a current, voltage drop or voltage boost; a first regulator or driver configured to transmit first pulses to the first switch, the pulses having a first pulse width; and pulse width modulation circuitry configured to (i) reduce the first pulse width when a first thermal threshold is met and (ii) increase the first pulse width when a second thermal threshold is met, the second thermal threshold being less than the first thermal threshold.

Abstract: A power supply circuit 10 includes a first error amplifier that compares a predetermined reference voltage and an output voltage of a feedback voltage generation circuit and amplifies the obtained error to input the amplified error to the feedback voltage generation circuit; and a gain adjustment path which is disposed in parallel with the first error amplifier and adjusts a gain of output of the first error amplifier in a high frequency range.

Abstract: When the fan inserted in the fan header is a 4-pin fan, the control chip outputs PWM signals with different duty factors to the control pin of the fan header, to automatically change the rotary speed of the 4-pin fan. When the fan inserted in the fan header is a 3-pin fan, the control chip outputs the PWM signals whose duty factor changes with temperature of a chip under the fan to control the first power source to provide a voltage to the adjusting circuit. The adjusting circuit rectifies the voltage output from the first power source as an analog voltage signal to the control circuit. The control circuit controls the third power source to output a changeable driving voltage to the power pin of the fan header to control the rotary speed of the 3-pin fan.

Abstract: An electric power supply control system has a battery, a vehicular alternator, large electric power systems, operation limitation target systems, and a battery condition management device. Each large electric power system generates a rush current when initiating its operation by electric power supplied. Each operation limitation target system is capable of limiting its operation for a demand during the operation of the large electric power systems. The large electric power systems and the operation limitation target systems change their operation conditions based on an allowable electric power (or an allowable electric current) supplied from the battery condition management device in order to maintain a terminal voltage of the battery which is not less than a limitation voltage.

Abstract: A voltage regulator includes an amplifier, a power device, a delay signal generator, and a voltage-generating circuit. The amplifier generates a control signal according to a reference voltage and a feedback voltage. The power switch generates the output voltage by regulating the output current according to the switch control signal. The delay signal generator generates a plurality of sequential delay signals each having distinct delay time with respect to an externally applied power-on burst signal. The voltage-generating circuit provides an equivalent resistance for generating the feedback voltage corresponding to the output voltage, and regulates the output voltage by adjusting the equivalent resistance according to the plurality of sequential delay signals.

Abstract: A potential converter device with a first storage capacitor implemented to be supplied with energy from an energy source to acquire a first potential form at the first storage capacitor, and a second storage capacitor implemented to be supplied with energy from the first storage capacitor to acquire a second potential form at the second storage capacitor. The potential converter device further has a converter electrically connected between the first and second storage capacitors and implemented to execute an energy transmission from the first storage capacitor to the second storage capacitor if the first potential form reaches a first potential threshold value and until the first potential form reaches a second potential threshold value, wherein the first potential threshold value is greater regarding its magnitude than the second potential threshold value.

Abstract: The invention discloses a voltage adjusting apparatus including a power adaptor, a first resistor, a current detecting module, a second resistor, and a voltage feedback controlling module. The power adaptor outputs a first current first. The first resistor is used to convert the first current to a first voltage. The current detecting module is used to convert the first voltage to a second current. The second resistor is used to convert the second current to a second voltage. The voltage feedback controlling module is used to convert the second voltage to a third voltage. The power adaptor is used to convert the third voltage to a fourth voltage and output the fourth voltage.