Abstract: One embodiment is a machine comprising a sequential wavefront scanner, a variable aperture, a position sensing device and a controller. The controller is coupled to the variable aperture and sequential wavefront scanning device and configured to coordinate the operation of the variable aperture and the sequential wavefront scanning device.

Abstract: Ophthalmic apparatuses, systems and methods are disclosed. One embodiment is an ophthalmic scanning apparatus including a laser operable to emit a laser beam, a scanning mirror operable to scan the laser beam over at least a +/?15 degree scan, and a lens system operable to receive the laser beam from the scanning mirror and direct the laser beam to a spot on an image plane. The spot has a root mean square radius of less than about 3.8 microns over the +/?15 degree scan. Further embodiments include methods of modeling and determining corrective prescriptions for patient's eyes. Additional embodiments are described herein.

Abstract: A method for measuring the relative thickness of the lipid layer component of the precorneal tear film on the surface of an eye. Light is directed to the lipid layer of a patient's eye with an illuminator that is a broad spectrum light source covering the visible region and is a lambertion light emitter such that the light source is specularly reflected from the lipid layer and undergoes constructive and destructive interference in the lipid layer. The specularly reflected light is collected and focused using a collector such that the interference patterns on the tear film lipid layer are observable. The collector also produces an output signal representative of the specularly reflected light which is suitable for further analysis.

Abstract: When an observation state by an infrared LED 10 is changed to a photographing state by a xenon lamp 3, a movable mirror 16 is pulled upward and an optical path is switched to an image sensor 17 side. A light guide 22a is shifted by an alignment index drive motor 23 so that an incident portion of an alignment index is shifted from a visible LED 22b to direct to an infrared LED 22c. An outgoing portion of the light guide 22a is set at a position where an image is formed on the image sensor 17 by a wavelength of the infrared LED 22c when an operation distance is appropriate. While changing a luminescent color, a position of a luminescent point of the alignment index is changed by switching the LED by the shift of the light guide 22a.

Abstract: Systems and methods for faster acquisition and processing of OCT image data are presented. In one embodiment of the present invention, an OCT system is operated in two different acquisition modes of different axial resolutions to allow for efficient collection of OCT Angiography data while also collecting high resolution OCT data. In another embodiment, a reduced subset of a collected data set is used for OCT Angiography data analysis. In another embodiment, a sweep of a swept-source laser is split into different spectral components covering different transverse locations on the sample. A further aspect includes the ability to process all or a portion of collected OCT data with one motion contrast technique before or while a second set is processed using a different motion contrast technique.

Abstract: One embodiment is a machine comprising a sequential wavefront scanner, a variable aperture, a position sensing device and an electronic control and detection system. The electronic control and detection system is configured to control the sequential wavefront scanner to shift the incident wavefront by a set of displacements selected to form a selected scanning pattern to scan the incident wavefront and configured to vary the aperture size to vary detection resolution at different parts of the scanning pattern.

Abstract: Detecting position information related to a face, and more particularly to an eyeball in a face, using a detection and ranging system, such as a Radio Detection And Ranging (“RADAR”) system, or a Light Detection And Ranging (“LIDAR”) system. The position information may include a location of the eyeball, translational motion information related to the eyeball (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration, jerk, etc.), rotational motion information related to the eyeball (e.g., rotational displacement, rotational velocity, rotational acceleration, etc.) as the eyeball rotates within its socket.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus which is configured to inspect a plurality of eye characteristics of an eye to be examined which is fixed by a face support unit, the apparatus comprises: an optometric unit configured to include a first optometric portion including a first optical system for inspecting a first eye characteristic of the eye, and a second optometric portion including a second optical system for inspecting a second eye characteristic different from the first eye characteristic; and a changing unit configured to change a direction of the optometric unit relative to the eye to switch to inspection by one of the first optometric portion and the second optometric portion.

Abstract: Methods and systems for modifying or enhancing vision are described. In exemplary embodiments, neural or neuromuscular activity is analyzed to determine a focus or other quality of a visual input, and the focus or quality information used as a basis for controlling an adjustable lens system or optical system.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus includes: a light projecting optical system for projecting measurement light on a cornea of an examinee's eye; a first imaging optical system for imaging a cornea reflection image obtained by reflection of the measurement light at the cornea; a computing unit for obtaining a direction of a corneal astigmatic axis based on the cornea reflection image; an illuminating optical system for projecting illumination light toward a fundus of the examinee's eye; a second imaging optical system for imaging a retro-illumination image in a pupil of the examinee's eye obtained by reflection of the illumination light at the fundus; an image processing unit for combining a first target representing the direction of the astigmatic axis with the retro-illumination image; and an output unit for outputting the retro-illumination image with which the first target has been combined.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus includes an apparatus fixing unit, an optometric unit configured to move relative to the apparatus fixing unit, and a face support unit configured to fix an eye to be examined as an inspection target of the optometric unit. The ophthalmic apparatus includes: a face support moving unit configured to move the face support unit relative to the apparatus fixing unit; and an optometric unit moving unit configured to move the optometric unit relative to the apparatus fixing unit.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus has an acquisition unit which acquires a second tomogram related to a first tomogram of an eye to be examined based on position information of an eye fundus of the eye to be examined according to a predetermined rule; and a display control unit which displays the first tomogram and the second tomogram on a display unit.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power includes determining locations of parts of an eye along an axis of the eye. The locations include the location of a cornea, the anterior and posterior locations of a crystalline lens, and the location of a retina. An IOL location of an IOL is calculated according to the anterior and posterior locations of the crystalline lens. Corneal data is also determined. The IOL power is calculated using the corneal data, the IOL location, and the retinal location. In certain embodiments, refractive indices are determined for segments of the axis, and at least one location is adjusted according to the refractive indices.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a tomographic image of a fundus by optical coherence tomography includes the steps of setting a line, based on which the fundus tomographic image is to be obtained, on a first front image of the fundus, the first front image being a still image, establishing a positional correspondence between a second front image of the fundus and the first front image by matching the first and second front images, specifying a line on the second front image based on positional information on the line set on the first front image, and the established positional correspondence, and obtaining the fundus tomographic image that corresponds to the lines on the first and second front images by scanning measurement light with the use of an optical scanner provided to an interference optical system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a wavefront sensor is combined with a slit lamp eye examination device so that real time aberration values of an eye being examined can be viewed during a slit lamp eye examination session.

Abstract: A monitor is used to display a visual acuity test operated by software from an associated computer. A patient is spaced a predetermined distance from the monitor during the testing procedure, and individual, multiple LED housings are equally spaced about a center point of the monitor to direct light toward the patient during at least a portion of the test procedure. The light emanating from the individual housings is a diffuse, unfocused light to simulate glare, and the intensity of the light may be selectively altered. Conducting acuity testing under glare conditions determines if there is any reduction or fall off in the patient's acuity vision under such circumstances and provides an indication of whether the patient may require cataract surgery or has another ocular problem.

Abstract: An ophthalmic system for use in performing angular measurements in relation to a patient's eye. The ophthalmic system can include an optical angular measurement device that can provide angular indicia by, for example, projecting an image of an angular measurement reticle onto a patient's eye or by superimposing an image of an angular measurement reticle onto an image of the patient's eye. The ophthalmic system can include an optical refractive power measurement device for providing desired angular orientations for ocular implants or for incisions. The ophthalmic system can be used, for example, to align a toric intraocular lens to a desired angular orientation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for fine-tuning refractive shapes for vision treatment are provided. Techniques encompass determining a variable index of refraction for a cornea of the eye, and determining the refractive treatment shape for the eye based on the variable index of refraction. Techniques also encompass determining a variable radius of curvature of an anterior surface of a cornea of the eye, and determining the refractive treatment shape for the eye based on the variable radius of curvature.

Abstract: Wavefront measurements of eyes are often taken when the pupil is in a first configuration in an evaluation context. The results can be represented by a set of basis function coefficients. Prescriptive treatments are often applied in a treatment context, which is different from the evaluation context. Hence, the patient pupil can be in a different, second configuration, during treatment. Systems and methods are provided for determining a transformed set of basis function coefficients, based on a difference between the first and second configurations, which can be used to establish the vision treatment.

Abstract: The diagnosability of diseased parts is improved by precisely correcting fluorescence images without being affected by specular reflection and without being affected by thick blood vessels.

Abstract: Methods and systems for obtaining an ocular aberration measurement of an eye of a patient are provided. Exemplary techniques involve obtaining a first induced metric for the eye that corresponds to a first accommodation state of the eye, obtaining a second induced metric for the eye that corresponds to a second accommodation state of the eye, and determining a natural metric of the eye based on the first and second induced metrics. An induced metric may include a pupil size or a spherical aberration. Techniques can also include determining a target metric for the eye base on the natural metric, determining whether an actual metric of the eye meets the target metric, obtaining an ocular aberration measurement of the eye if the actual metric meets the target metric, and determining a treatment for the eye based on the ocular aberration measurement.

Abstract: Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) devices, systems, and methods are disclosed for measuring a tear film layer thickness (TFLT) of the ocular tear film, including lipid layer thickness (LLT) and/or aqueous layer thickness (ALT). The measured TFLT can be used to diagnosis dry eye syndrome (DES). In certain disclosed embodiments, a multi-wavelength light source can be controlled to illuminate the ocular tear film. Light emitted from the multi-wavelength light source undergoes optical wave interference interactions in the tear film. An imaging device can be focused on the lipid layer of the tear film to capture optical wave interference interactions of specularly reflected light from the tear film combined with a background signal(s) in a first image. The imaging device can also be focused on the lipid layer of the tear film to capture a second image containing the background signal(s) present in the first image.

Abstract: An ophthalmic photographing apparatus including an interference optical system for dividing light from a first light source into measurement light and reference light, directing measurement light to a fundus and reference light to a reference optical system, and photo-receiving by a first photodetector interference light, a first optical scanner disposed in a measurement light optical path and scanning measurement light in two dimensional directions, a driving unit moving an optical member in an optical path of measurement light or reference light to change an optical path length, a control unit controlling the driving unit to adjust an optical path length difference, controlling the optical scanner to scan measurement light at a given photographing view angle, and obtaining a tomographic image based on a photodetector signal, and a calculation unit converting a photographing range into an actual distance based on optical member positional information and view angle information.

Abstract: Wavefront measurements of eyes are typically taken when the pupil is in a first configuration in an evaluation context. The results can be represented by a set of basis function coefficients. Prescriptive treatments are often applied in a treatment context, which is different from the evaluation context. Hence, the patient pupil can be in a different, second configuration, during treatment. Systems and methods are provided for determining a transformed set of basis function coefficients, based on a difference between the first and second configurations, which can be used to establish the vision treatment.

Abstract: A sensor system includes at least two sensors for distinguishing accommodative stimuli from changes in ambient lights levels and task-induced changes in the pupil diameter. When implanted, the first sensor is disposed completely within the pupil; even when fully constricted, the pupil does not occlude the first sensor, allowing the sensor to make precise measurements of ambient luminous flux levels. The pupil occludes part of the second sensor's active area(s) as the pupil dilates and constricts. As a result, the second sensor measures both ambient luminous flux and pupil diameter. A processor estimates the pupil diameter and determines whether it's changing in response to accommodative stimuli or other factors by comparing to predetermined values. The sensor system sends a signal to an optical component, which in turn can respond by changing optical power to focus for near vision upon detection of accommodative stimuli.

Abstract: A device for performing distance measurements on an eye. The device includes an interferometer, focuses at least one measurement beam records backscattered radiation and interferometrically generates a measurement signal displaying structures of the eye by time-domain, spectral-domain or Fourier-domain coherence reflectometry, has an adjustment apparatus for laterally and/or axially displacing the focus in the eye or for varying a polarization state of the measurement beam and has a control apparatus which actuates the interferometer, wherein the control apparatus generates a plurality of A-scan individual signals from the backscattered radiation, combines these to an A-scan measurement signal and actuates the adjustment apparatus for displacing the position of the focus or for varying the polarization while recording the backscattered radiation from which the control apparatus generates the A-scan individual signals is being recorded.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for testing vestibular and oculomotor function. One aspect of the invention provides a vestibular and oculomotor function testing device including a track supported by a plurality of bearings, an engine configured to selectively displace the track, and a head coupling component coupled to the track. The head coupling component is configured to convey a movement generated by the engine to a subject's head in one or more axes.

Abstract: A fundus camera includes an irradiation unit including a plurality of LED elements and a fluorescent material that emits light by being excited by light emitted from the LED elements and configured to emit light that is generated by combining light emitted from the LED elements and excitation light from the fluorescent material, an illumination optical system configured to irradiate an eye fundus of a subject's eye with the light emitted by the illumination unit, an observation unit configured to form an eye fundus image by receiving light, which is emitted from the illumination unit and reflected from the eye fundus, and an imaging unit configured to pick up the eye fundus image formed by the observation unit.

Abstract: An illumination device (10) is described for an observation device (100) having one, two or more observation beam paths (16, 17), each with at least one observation beam bundle, particularly for an operating microscope, the illumination device having at least one light source (11, 12) for producing at least one illumination beam path (14, 15) with at least one illumination beam bundle for illuminating an object to be observed, in particular, an eye to be observed, the illumination device (10) having at least one illumination optics unit, which has a collector (18, 22), and the at least one illumination beam path (14, 15) or the at least one illumination beam bundle running coaxially to an observation beam path (16, 17) or observation beam bundle.

Abstract: A phase diversity wavefront sensor includes an optical system including at least one optical element for receiving a light beam; a diffractive optical element having a diffractive pattern defining a filter function, the diffractive optical element being arranged to produce, in conjunction with the optical system, images from the light beam associated with at least two diffraction orders; and a detector for detecting the images and outputting image data corresponding to the detected images. In one embodiment, the optical system, diffractive optical element, and detector are arranged to provide telecentric, pupil plane images of the light beam. A processor receives the image data from the detector, and executes a Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval algorithm to measure the wavefront of the light beam.

Abstract: In an ophthalmologic apparatus in which a head part is moved at a speed according to a rotation speed of a rotational part of a joystick, in order to enable a moving amount of the head part to correspond to a rotation amount even when the rotation speed becomes higher, the rotation speed of the joystick is detected at predetermined intervals, and when a current rotation speed (count of an encoder during a predetermined period) is lower than a previous rotation speed, a speed obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from the previous rotation speed is compared to the current rotation speed. Then, a higher speed is set as the current rotation speed, and the head part is moved at the speed corresponding to the current rotation speed.

Abstract: An artificial eye model for use in ophthalmological measurements exhibits a simulation of at least one eye structure, for instance of a cornea or of a crystalline lens. In accordance with the invention the simulation possesses fluorescent properties. In this way, a beam expansion as a result of multiple scattering in the case of scattered-light-based photographic recordings can be avoided. Instead of this, a sharp-contour imaging of the simulated eye structures is made possible.

Abstract: System and methods for testing and/or training a subject's vision and coordination abilities are provided. More specifically, the method may include testing various aspects of the subject's vision and coordination abilities, such as eye-hand coordination, split attention, reaction time, body coordination, etc. By using various tests, an efficient examination may be administered. In accordance with the invention, an individual may be subjected to such a method of testing and/or training at a unitary center capable of presenting such tests to the individual, receiving input from the individual, and processing the received input. Such a unitary test center may further be configurable, so that the tests administered may vary based on the needs of the individual. The received input may then, for example, be used to compute data related to the user's vision and coordination abilities, both overall and for each individual test.

Abstract: An apparatus including an illumination unit for illuminating an eye to be inspected with light from an observation light source or light from a photographing light source; an photographing unit for guiding reflected light from the eye to an photographing element, to record an image thereof; a calculation unit for calculating an appropriate observation or photographing light intensity based on an illumination light intensity of the illumination unit and an image signal of the photographing element; an automatic light intensity adjustment unit for causing one of the observation and photographing light sources to emit light at the calculated light intensity; and a control unit for controlling the adjustment unit according to a selected one of a mode of acquiring the fundus image and a mode of acquiring the anterior ocular image.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire information about a pupil of a subject's eye, and a control change unit configured to change a method of fogging control for moving a fixation target image away from the subject's eye according to the information acquired by the acquisition unit.

Abstract: A focusing unit (11) is constituted of a prism base (11a), deflection prisms (11b and 11c), and a slit chart (11e) having a slit opening (11d), and the deflection prisms (11b and 11c) are arranged so that deflecting directions may become reverse. The slit opening (11d) is made equally to spread across the deflection prisms (11b and 11c) approximately and is impermeable except the slit opening (11d), and light incident on the deflection prisms (11b and 11c) passes only this slit opening (11d). In addition, the light which is emitted by a focus index illumination light source illuminates the slit opening (11d) through the deflection prisms (11b and 11c). As to an image of the illuminated slit opening (11d), two slit images are formed on a fundus of eye by actions of the deflection prisms 11b and 11c. Focus adjustment is made by aligning these slit images (S1 and S2) in a straight line.

Abstract: The present invention relates in summary to a method for checking and/or determining user data of a spectacle lens user comprising providing subjective data of a spectacle lens user, wherein the subjective data comprise at least subjective refraction data, providing objective refraction data of the spectacle lens user, comparing at least one subset of the subjective refraction data with at least one subset of the objective refraction data and determining a comparison result, matching at least the subset of the subjective refraction data to the objective refraction data on the basis of the comparison result under the assumption that the comparison result fulfills at least one predetermined comparison condition, otherwise maintaining at least the subset of the subjective refraction data and/or providing a message containing the comparison result, and to a further method, a computer program product and two devices for checking and/or determining user data.

Abstract: To increase the speed of aberration correction, provided is an aberration correction method, including: a step of selecting a first polarized component of reflected light obtained by irradiating an object to be inspected with measuring light; a step of measuring an aberration of the first polarized component; a step of correcting the aberration of the first polarized component by controlling a first aberration correction unit in accordance with a measured value of the aberration of the first polarized component; and a step of correcting, in a case where a value of the aberration corrected in the first aberration correcting step is smaller than a predetermined value, an aberration of a second polarized component of the reflected light, which is different from the first polarized component, by controlling a second aberration correction unit based on a control for the first aberration correction unit in the case.

Abstract: A substrate includes a diffracting structure providing a hologram which encodes one or more holographic images. Every image of the one or more holographic images has a holographic location at either a finite or substantially infinite effective optical distance. The hologram is to be used as an ophthalmic eye chart or an eye exercise device or to provide a scale for measuring distances.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software for determining a set of analytical or numerical polynomials that is orthonormal over circular or noncircular pupils are described. Closed-form orthonormal polynomials for circular, annular, hexagonal, elliptical, rectangular, and square pupils are derived. Such techniques can be applied to ray tracing as in the optical design and wavefront fitting from measurement as in the optical testing. These approaches can also be applied to wavefront reconstruction in adaptive optics.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the neurological function of a patient by examining ocular responses.

Abstract: Imaging optics for optical devices, with which reflections of the illumination light, which is guided through the same optical elements as the observation light, are kept from reaching the observation pupil of the imaging beam path. The non-reflective imaging optics include at least two refractive optical elements, which are utilized for illumination as well as observation. The at least two refractive optical elements are designed approximately wedge-shaped and are tilted at a random azimuth angle of at least 5° and/or are positioned off-center in the beam path to block out the single reflections of the illumination, occurring at the optical system surfaces, for the observation. The imaging optics are for optical devices, particularly in ophthalmology thought the invention is applicable to other ophthalmological devices as well as to optical devices outside of this field.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a new and improved wavefront aberrometer attachable to an ophthalmic microscope. The present invention also contemplates implementation of a long working distance and a large measurement range into the wavefront aberrometer. The present invention further contemplates to make it quick and easy to insert the wavefront aberrometer and to move it away from the working space of the ophthalmic microscope. The present invention still further contemplates implementation of a keratometry measurement to monitor the corneal status at the time of wavefront power measurement.

Abstract: To provide an optical imaging apparatus capable of providing a high lateral resolution in a wide region and easily adjusting prior to imaging for imaging an optical image of an eye to be inspected which is an object, and a method for imaging an optical image. The optical imaging apparatus in which a beam from a light source is used as a measuring beam, and an image of an object is imaged based on intensity of a return beam formed of the measuring beam irradiated to the object has the following: first, an optical device for focusing the measuring beam on the object; next, a aberration detecting device for measuring a aberration of the return beam; and a focus adjusting device for adjusting the optical device based on the aberration detected by the aberration detecting device.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to optical tomographic imaging and in particular to systems and methods for adapting the resolution of imaging. One embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus for optical coherence tomography imaging, characterized by its ability to vary the axial resolution and scanning speed during imaging.

Abstract: A macular health measurement and storage system comprises a plurality of macular-pigment measurement machine for measuring macular pigment density in humans, a plurality of computers each of which is associated with a corresponding one the macular-pigment measuring machines, and a central host. The plurality of macular-pigment measurement machines include a device for receiving macular pigment data from a patient, at least one data transfer port, and at least one processor that enables the transfer of the macular pigment data from the transfer port. The plurality of computers include a first port coupled to the data transfer port of the corresponding macular-pigment measurement machine for receiving the macular pigment data. Each of the computers includes a second port for transferring patient data. The central host is coupled to the second ports on each of the plurality of computers. The central host includes a storage device for storing the patient data.

Abstract: An apparatus and method by which an image is projected to pupils of a viewer. Preferably, the image covers only areas occupied by the pupils and tracks the areas occupied by the pupils such as to provide continuous display of the imagery to a viewer. The method is to dynamically control the direction of light into sub-apertures selected by a tracking device. By imaging selectively into the sub-apertures where the pupils are temporally located instead of imaging into a generally large area, the disclosed apparatus is power efficient and exclusive because the projected images are covert. This method is applicable to most biocular displays, for instance, but not limited to “see through” systems, which overlay imagery over real world scenes and where geometrically precise projection is critical. In one embodiment, the pupil scan apparatus is combined with a retinal scan apparatus to provide security. In this manner, only an authorized user of the apparatus can operate it.

Abstract: Models of anatomical parts and methods utilizing and fabricating such anatomical models are provided. The model can include an assembly of one or more optically transmissive media having a first portion and a second portion. The one or more optically transmissive media can be configured to provide similar optical properties as that between two regions of the anatomical part. For example, in an example eye model, the two regions can be a corneal surface and/or retina regions of an eye. A rendered retina can be formed in the second portion of the assembly and can be representative of the retina of the eye. The rendered retina can have one or more features associated with the retina of the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmological measuring device for determining geometric structures in an eye includes an optical, triangulating measurement system for determining at least one geometric reference in the eye by triangulation, and an optical, interferometric measurement system for determining geometric detailed structures in the eye by optical interferometry. The measuring device is designed to position the geometric detailed structures determined by the interferometric measurement system on the basis of the at least one geometric reference in the eye determined by the triangulating measurement system.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments enable an enhanced direct-viewing optical device to make customized adjustments that accommodate optical aberrations of a current user. In some instances a real-time adjustment of the transformable optical elements is based on known corrective optical parameters associated with a current user. In some implementations a control module may process currently updated wavefront measurements as a basis for determining appropriate real-time adjustment of the transformable optical elements to produce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil of the direct-viewing device. Possible transformable optical elements include refractive and/or reflective and/or diffractive and/or transmissive characteristics that are adjusted based on current performance viewing factors for a given field of view of the direct-viewing device.