Abstract: An imaging system for imaging an object, including: a support member adapted to receive the object in an immobilized state; a removable phosphor plate assembly adapted to respond to ionizing radiation by emitting visible light; first imaging means for imaging the immobilized object in a first imaging mode to capture a first image; second imaging means for imaging the immobilized object in a second imaging mode, different from the first imaging mode, to capture a second image; and third imaging means for imaging the immobilized object in a third imaging mode, different from the first and second imaging modes, to capture a third image, wherein the first imaging mode uses the phosphor plate assembly and is selected from the group: x-ray mode and low energy radio isotope mode; the second imaging mode uses the phosphor plate assembly and a high energy radio isotope mode, and the third imaging mode is selected from the group: bright-field mode, fluorescence mode and luminescence mode.

Abstract: A collimating device is described. The collimating device includes a housing defining an interior surface and an exterior surface of the collimating device. The housing includes an inlet and an outlet and a cavity extending between the inlet and the outlet. The collimating device also includes a plurality of ridges extending from the interior surface of the housing toward a center of the cavity. The plurality of ridges form a plurality of slits within the cavity configured to collimate radiation entering the inlet and exiting the outlet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for imaging a subject animal. The method comprises the steps of treating the animal with an x-ray contrast agent and an imaging agent; supporting the animal in an immobilized state on a support member; acquiring an x-ray anatomical image of the animal; acquiring an optical, dark-field image of the animal; and registering the x-ray anatomical image and the optical image, whereby features of the optical image can be observed in relation to features of the anatomical image.

Abstract: An X-ray tube which irradiates a primary X-ray to an irradiation point on a sample, an X-ray detector which detects a characteristic X-ray and a scattered X-ray emitted from the sample and outputs a signal including energy information of the characteristic X-ray and scattered X-ray, an analyzer which analyzes the signal, a first observation system which optically observes a surface of the sample in order to determine the irradiation point, and a second observation system which has a smaller depth of field than the first observation system, optically observes a narrow region, and measures the distance from the determined irradiation point by focus adjustment are included.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of one aspect relates to inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon within an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual responsive to an at least some input energy being applied to the at least some matter of the least the portion of the at least one individual. The aspect can include X-ray fluorescence visualizing, imaging, or information providing within the at least some matter of the least the portion of the at least one individual at least partially in response to the inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon within the at least some matter of the least the portion of the at least one individual.

Abstract: An x-ray analysis system with an x-ray source for producing an x-ray excitation beam directed toward an x-ray analysis focal area; and a sample chamber for presenting a fluid sample to the x-ray analysis focal area. The x-ray excitation beam is generated by an x-ray engine and passes through an x-ray transparent barrier on a wall of the chamber, to define an analysis focal area within space defined by the chamber. The fluid sample is presented as a stream supported in the space and streaming through the focal area, using a support structure to guide the sample stream. The chamber's barrier is therefore separated from both the focal area and the sample, resulting in lower corruption of the barrier.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out both x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of a crystalline sample. A sample holder is located within an evacuable chamber. An x-ray fluorescence source and separate x-ray diffraction source are mounted within the evacuable chamber. An XRF detection arrangement is also provided, for detecting secondary x-rays emitted from the surface of the crystalline sample as a result of illumination by x-rays from the said x-ray fluorescence source. An XRD detection arrangement is then provided for detecting x-rays of a characteristic wavelength which have been diffracted by the crystalline sample. A moveable XRD support assembly is provided, comprising a first part configured to mount the XRD source for relative movement between the XRD source and the sample holder, and a second part configured to mount the XRD detection arrangement for relative movement between the XRD detection arrangement and the sample holder.

Abstract: An instrument capable of both X-ray diffraction, XRD, and X-ray fluorescence measurements, XRF, arranges an X-ray source 10 creating an incident X-ray beam directed to a sample on a sample stage. An X-ray detection system is mounted at a fixed angle 2? for high energy energy dispersive XRD For XRF, an X-ray detection system is used.

Abstract: A system and process for classifying a piece of material of unknown composition at high speeds, where the system connected to a power supply. The piece is irradiated with first x-rays from an x-ray source, causing the piece to fluoresce x-rays. The fluoresced x-rays are detected with an x-ray detector, and the piece of material is classified from the detected fluoresced x-rays. Detecting and classifying may be cumulatively performed in less than one second. An x-ray fluorescence spectrum of the piece of material may be determined from the detected fluoresced x-rays, and the detection of the fluoresced x-rays may be conditioned such that accurate determination of the x-ray fluorescence spectrum is not significantly compromised, slowed or complicated by extraneous x-rays. The piece of material may be classified by recognizing the spectral pattern of the determined x-ray fluorescence spectrum. The piece of material may be flattened prior to irradiation and detection.

Abstract: An X-ray analyzer includes a sample stage for holding and positioning a sample and an optical positioner assembly configured above the sample stage. The optical positioner assembly includes a body member having an opening; an optical positioner located within the opening; and at least one X-ray optic and an optical viewing lens coupled to a first camera. The at least one X-ray optic and the optical viewing lens are secured to the optical positioner. The optical positioner is configured to align one of the at least one X-ray optic and the optic viewing lens normal to the sample on the sample stage such that the sample is irradiated with X-rays through the X-ray optic along a path which is normal to the sample and coaxial with the optic viewing lens receiving light reflected from the sample when the optic viewing lens is positioned normal to the sample.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing system includes a radiographic image capturing device, a radiation irradiating device, and a control device. The radiographic image capturing device is capable of performing fluoroscopic imaging, and carries out capturing of radiographic images continuously. The radiation irradiating device performs continuous irradiation or pulse irradiation with respect to the radiographic image capturing device at a time of fluoroscopic imaging. The control device has a controller that effects control such that, in a case in which a frame rate of fluoroscopic imaging is low, the radiation irradiating device performs fluoroscopic imaging by the continuous irradiation with respect to the radiographic image capturing device.

Abstract: An X-ray tube which irradiates a primary X-ray to an irradiation point on a sample, an X-ray detector which detects a characteristic X-ray and a scattered X-ray emitted from the sample and outputs a signal including energy information on the characteristic X-ray and scattered X-ray, an analyzer which analyzes the signal, a sample stage on which the sample is placed, a moving mechanism which moves the sample on the sample stage, the X-ray tube, and the X-ray detector relative to each other, a height measuring mechanism which measures a maximum height of the sample, and a control unit which adjusts the distance between the sample and the X-ray tube and the distance between the sample and the X-ray detector by controlling the moving mechanism on the basis of the measured maximum height of the sample, are included.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fiducial marker having a marking grid that is used to correlate and view images produced by different imaging modalities or different imaging and viewing modalities. More specifically, the invention relates to the fiducial marking grid that has a grid pattern for producing either a viewing image and/or a first analytical image that can be overlaid with at least one other second analytical image in order to view a light path or to image different imaging modalities. Depending on the analysis, the grid pattern has a single layer of a certain thickness or at least two layers of certain thicknesses. In either case, the grid pattern is imageable by each imaging or viewing modality used in the analysis. Further, when viewing a light path, the light path of the analytical modality cannot be visualized by viewing modality (e.g., a light microscope objective).

Abstract: An X-ray fluorescence spectrometer which includes a calculating device (10) operable to calculate the theoretical intensity of secondary X-rays (6), emanated from each of elements contained in a sample (13), based on the assumed composition and then to successively approximately modify and calculate the assumed composition so that the theoretical intensity and the converted and measured intensity, which have been detected by a detecting device (9) and then converted in a theoretical intensity scale, can match with each other, to thereby calculate the composition of the sample (13). The calculating device (10), when calculating the theoretical intensity, performs a simulation to determine the theoretical intensity of the secondary X-rays (6) for each of optical paths, using the size of the sample (13), and the intensity and the incident angle (?) of primary X-rays (2) impinged upon various areas of the sample surface (13a) as parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for performing X-ray analysis. Device 1 comprises an X-ray tube 2 and at least one capillary lens 4 for focusing the X-rays in a micro-region at a location 5 for a sample for analysis. Device 1 further comprises a detector 6 for detecting X-ray fluorescence from the sample. Device 1 further comprises at least one energy-dependent filter 3 placed between the X-ray tube 2 and the capillary lens 4. The filter 3 is adapted to substantially block X-rays with an energy which is lower than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An instrument capable of both X-ray diffraction, XRD, and X-ray fluorescence measurements, XRF, arranges an X-ray source 10 creating an incident X-ray beam directed to a sample on a sample stage.

Abstract: When urinary organ contrasting inspection is performed by using a fluoroscopy for digestive organs, a region of interest such as a bladder often comes to a vicinity of a foot side end of a table top. Consequently, it is often the case that an irradiation field cannot be limited to a suitable area with respect to the region of interest and only an oblique photography can be performed. When the urinary organ contrasting inspection is performed, an X-ray tube device (1), an X-ray diaphragm (16), and an X-ray image detector (3) are interlocked to enable a foot side end of the irradiation field to be consistent with a foot side end of the X-ray image detector (3). Thus, a focal point (1A) of the X-ray tube device (1) can be moved directly above the foot side end of the X-ray image detector (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing liquid or pasty substances (3) not consisting exclusively of volatile constituents for X-ray fluorescence analysis, and to a sample body (1) for use in such a process. It is an object of the invention to provide a process which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art (technically complex, limited applicability with regard to the sample substances usable, inadequate analysis quality). The process has the following steps: 1) The substance (3) to be analyzed is applied to a rigid sample body (1) with at least one flat and smooth analysis surface (2) which consists of absorptive material. 2) The substance (3) is adsorbed and absorbed by this sample body (1). The sample body (1) with at least one flat and smooth analysis surface (2) for the analysis of liquid or pasty substances (3) by X-ray fluorescence analysis consists of absorptive, rigid material.

Abstract: A hand-held, self-contained x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer produces a small x-ray spot on a sample to interrogate the elemental composition of a sample region of millimeter-size characteristic dimension. The analyzer includes a collimator for aiming an x-ray beam toward a desired location on the sample and for determining the size of the spot produced on the sample. The analyzer may include a digital camera oriented toward the portion of the sample that is, or would be, interrogated by the x-ray spot to facilitate aiming the analyzer. The analyzer may generate a reticule in a displayed image to indicate the portion of the sample that is, or would be, illuminated by the x-ray beam. The analyzer may automatically annotate the image of the sample with text or graphics that contain information about the analyzed sample. The image may be stored in the hand -held analyzer or provided for external storage or display.

Abstract: A CT scanner with scatter correction device and a method for scatter correction are provided. The method comprises positioning shields for shielding some of the CT detector elements from direct X ray radiation, while allowing scattered radiation to arrive at said shielded elements; measuring scatter signals from said shielded elements, indicative of scattered radiation intensity; and correcting for scatter by subtracting scatter intensity values estimated from said measured scatter signals from signals measured by unshielded detector elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for performing X-ray analysis. Device 1 comprises an X-ray tube 2 and at least one capillary lens 4 for focusing the X-rays in a micro-region at a location 5 for a sample for analysis. Device 1 further comprises a detector 6 for detecting X-ray fluorescence from the sample. Device 1 further comprises at least one energy-dependent filter 3 placed between the X-ray tube 2 and the capillary lens 4. The filter 3 is adapted to substantially block X-rays with an energy which is lower than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A method for collecting and analyzing spectrum data to identify a composition of a sample material is described. The method includes obtaining a sample material, receiving a geographical location of the sample material at a handheld instrument, and analyzing the sample material to obtain sample spectrum data using the handheld instrument. The method also includes determining whether to perform an analysis of the sample spectrum data using the handheld instrument, or to perform the analysis of the sample spectrum data using a remote computer. The method also includes determining a composition of the sample material based on an analysis of the sample spectrum data and recording in a memory area at least one of the composition and the geographical location of the sample material.

Abstract: An X-ray analyzer includes a sample stage for holding and positioning a sample and an optical positioner assembly configured above the sample stage. The optical positioner assembly includes a body member having an opening; an optical positioner located within the opening; and at least one X-ray optic and an optical viewing lens coupled to a first camera. The at least one X-ray optic and the optical viewing lens are secured to the optical positioner. The optical positioner is configured to align one of the at least one X-ray optic and the optic viewing lens normal to the sample on the sample stage such that the sample is irradiated with X-rays through the X-ray optic along a path which is normal to the sample and coaxial with the optic viewing lens receiving light reflected from the sample when the optic viewing lens is positioned normal to the sample.

Abstract: A method and an analytical instrument are for quantitative investigations of organic and inorganic samples using the Secondary Ion Mass Spectromy (SIMS) technique. The sputtering process is decoupled from the analysis process.

Abstract: A system and methods for identifying contents of an enclosure such as an air cargo container. A three-dimensional image indicative of at least one of the CT number and the density of contents of the enclosure is obtained using penetrating radiation such as x-rays. If one or more suspect regions are identified among contents of the enclosure, a collimated neutron beam is activated to traverse each suspect region and fluorescent emission from the suspect region is detected, allowing material within the suspect region to be characterized based at least on the detected fluorescent emission. Additionally, the collimated neutron beam may be employed for neutron imaging of the contents of the enclosure.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of a region within an ultra-hard polycrystalline body comprises directing x-rays onto the body, wherein the body includes one region that includes a target atom and another region that does not. The ultra-hard polycrystalline body can be in the form of a cutting element used with a subterranean drill bit. The x-rays penetrate the body and cause the target atom within the region including the same to emit x-ray fluorescence. The emitted x-ray fluorescence is received and the position of the second region within the body is determined therefrom. In one embodiment, the one region extends a depth from the surface, and the other region extends from one region into the body. The x-rays can be directed onto a number of different body surface portions to determine the placement position of the region comprising the target atom within the polycrystalline body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multilayer structure including a substrate having formed on a surface thereof at least one period of individual layers, the period having at least two layers including a first layer which includes magnesium silicide and a second layer which includes at least one of tungsten, tantalum, cobalt, nickel, copper, iron, chromium, alloys, oxides, borides, silicides, and nitrides of these elements, silicon, carbon, silicon carbide, boron, and boron carbide. If the period includes three layers, the second layer includes one of silicon, carbon, silicon carbide, boron, and boron carbide and a third layer includes one of tungsten, tantalum, cobalt, nickel, copper, iron, chromium, and alloys, oxides, borides, silicides, and nitrides of these elements, the second layer being disposed between the first and the third layers.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting clinically-relevant features of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of a subject are disclosed. The apparatus includes a capsule to be swallowed by a subject and passing through the GI tract of the subject, a capsule housing, a radiation source emitting radiation, a rotatable collimator configured to rotate with respect to the housing and to collimate the radiation emitted by the radiation source, and a radiation detector configured to detect particles, such as photons, gamma radiation, beta radiation and electrons photons generated responsive to the emitted radiation. The apparatus also includes a control unit configured to analyze data regarding the photons. Movement of the capsule in the GI tract can be detected. The radiation source, radiation detector and control unit may advantageously be integrated inside a single housing.

Abstract: An X-ray fluoroscope table and an X-ray fluoroscope system using this fluoroscope table with simple structure and easily ensuring an area where a person stands near the top board. An X-ray fluoroscope table (1) comprises a stand unit (10), a support arm unit (20), a support frame (30), a top board (40), an X-ray generator (60), a column unit (50), and an X-ray detector (FPD 70). The end of the column unit (50) on the support frame side (30) and the end on the X-ray generator (60) side are displaced from each other in the length direction of the support frame (30). With this constitution, the area where an operator (OP3) stands can be ensured near the column unit (50). An X-ray fluoroscope system is constituted of this fluoroscope table (1), a high-voltage generator for supplying electric power to the fluoroscope table (1), and a remote control console for integrally controlling them.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting mercury or other material deposits on an inner surface of an enclosed passage are provided. The device includes a detection unit that is adapted to be transported through the passage, and the detection unit includes a radiation source and an x-ray fluorescence detector. The radiation source is configured to emit a radiation emission toward the inner surface of the passage to excite a portion of the inner surface, and the x-ray fluorescence detector is configured to detect a resulting x-ray emission from the portion of the inner surface to identify a material deposit on the inner surface. The detection unit can identify material deposits at successive positions along a length of the passage and thereby generate a plurality of data points, each data point providing an indication of a material deposit existence for a corresponding position along the length of the passage.

Abstract: A radiation therapy device having a therapeutic radiation source and an imaging unit is provided. The imaging unit includes a plurality of diagnostic radiation sources, from which diagnostic X-ray radiation are directed onto an object to be examined, and a diagnostic radiation detector, with which the diagnostic X-ray radiation is detected after passing through the object to be examined. The plurality of diagnostic radiation sources are X-ray radiation sources that are based on carbon nanotubes. A radiation therapy device having a housing, in which a diagnostic radiation source, a diagnostic radiation detector, and a therapeutic radiation source that is rotated in one plane are arranged, is also provided. The diagnostic radiation source and the diagnostic radiation detector are arranged in the housing such that diagnostic X-ray radiation, which is directed by the diagnostic radiation source onto the diagnostic radiation detector, travels at an angle through the plane.

Abstract: The present invention refers to the process of determination of light elements, i.e., molar mass lower than 23, within inorganic materials, by means of spectra analysis between 5 keV and 22 keV, obtained from these materials when exposed to X radiation. Particularly, the invention refers to the direct determination of carbon content in steel and alloys. According to the invention process, the inorganic materials are exposed to X radiation and the spectra are organized as a matrix and mathematically processed using chemometric tools properly selected.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for localizing an element of interest in a sample by comparing XRF spectra acquired from at least two distinct but overlapping inspection volumes. The inspection volumes are varied by changing the geometry of the exciting x-ray and/or fluoresced x-ray beam(s), which may be accomplished by repositioning multi-apertured collimators. Comparison of the XRF spectra acquired from different inspection volumes provides an indication as to whether the element of interest (e.g., lead) is present in a coating layer, in the underlying bulk material, or in both.

Abstract: A method for inspection of a sample includes directing an excitation beam to impinge on an area of a planar sample that includes a feature having sidewalls perpendicular to a plane of the sample, the sidewalls having a thin film thereon. An intensity of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) emitted from the sample responsively to the excitation beam is measured, and a thickness of the thin film on the sidewalls is assessed based on the intensity. In another method, the width of recesses in a surface layer of a sample and the thickness of a material deposited in the recesses after polishing are assessed using XRF.

Abstract: An inexpensive fluorescent object is provided which may be used, for example, as a test object for color adjustment of a fluorescent endoscope system. The fluorescent object generates fluorescence while minimizing the generation of ‘noise’ at undesired wavelengths, and is made using a plastic that substantially does not deteriorate upon exposure to U.V. and visible radiation. A method of producing the fluorescent object is disclosed, namely, a plastic powder (such as PTFE) and an inorganic fluorescent powder (such as Mn-doped ZnS) are blended so as to form a mixture of these components, and the mixture is then molded by applying pressure to the mixture. An important feature of the invention is that heat is not added during any phase in the production of the fluorescent object, thereby preventing the inorganic fluorescent powder from being denatured when producing the fluorescent object.

Abstract: An X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence instrument for analyzing samples having no sample preparation includes a X-ray source configured to output a collimated X-ray beam comprising a continuum spectrum of X-rays to a predetermined coordinate and a photon-counting X-ray imaging spectrometer disposed to receive X-rays output from an unprepared sample disposed at the predetermined coordinate upon exposure of the unprepared sample to the collimated X-ray beam. The X-ray source and the photon-counting X-ray imaging spectrometer are arranged in a reflection geometry relative to the predetermined coordinate.

Abstract: A low-profile, hand-holdable, self-contained x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer includes an articulated head. Orientation of the head, relative to a body of the analyzer, may be user adjusted, manually and/or via remote control. A primary x-ray source and an x-ray detector are disposed within the head for articulation therewith. The analyzer may be inserted into a small diameter pipe or other hollow structure, and then the orientation of the head may be adjusted, so a business end of the head is oriented toward a portion of the interior of the pipe or other structure that is to be analyzed. Alternatively, a primary x-ray source and an x-ray detector are disposed within a fixed-orientation head, such that the business end axis of the analyzer is oriented approximately perpendicular to the main axis of the body.

Abstract: One aspect relates to inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon at a X-ray fluorescence event within an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual responsive to an at least some input energy being applied to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual. The aspect can relate to detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon, wherein the inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon and the detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon is configured to be performed at least partially with at least one device which is configured to be transported portably by a person.

Abstract: We provide an apparatus and method for analysing a security document. An x-ray source is adapted to illuminate at least one inspection region of the security document when located at an inspection position. An x-ray detector adapted to receive x-rays from the at least one inspection region of the document and to generate a corresponding detector response. A processor analyses the detector response and generates an output signal indicative of the structure of the document in the at least one inspection region.

Abstract: A shielded sample cell insertion and removal apparatus for an x-ray analysis instrument, including a sample cell setting to hold a sample cell, an outer surface of which exposes the sample to an x-ray engine; and a shielded area positioned over the sample cell, to shield an area beyond the sample cell from x-rays transmitted from the x-ray engine. Upon moving the apparatus into and out of the instrument, the sample cell is moved into and out of an analysis position, while retaining shielding of areas beyond the sample cell from x-rays transmitted from the x-ray engine of the instrument.

Abstract: One aspect relates to determining a location of an at least one X-ray fluorescing event occurring within an at least some matter of at least a portion of an individual, wherein the determining the location of the at least one X-ray fluorescing event is based at least in part on determining a relative angle at which an at least one applied high energy photon and/or particle is being applied to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the individual, a relative position from which an at least one applied high energy photon and/or particle is being applied to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the individual, a detected location of an at least one induced fluorescing X-ray photon fluoresced during the at least one X-ray fluorescing event, and a received angle at which the at least one induced fluorescing X-ray photon is received.

Abstract: A device for X-ray analysis of a sample (1), including: a generation system for the generation of an X-ray beam to irradiate an analysis zone of the sample, said analysis zone defining a analysis mean plane, and the X-ray beam being emitted along a direction of incidence; a detection system for the detection, in at least one dimension, of X-rays diffracted by the irradiated analysis zone. An analyser system located between the sample and the detection system and includes an X-ray diffracting surface forming a partial surface of revolution about an axis of revolution being contained in the analysis mean plane, with the axis of revolution being distinct from the direction of incidence and passing through the centre of the analysis zone, and with the diffracting surface being oriented so as to diffract the X-rays toward the detection system.

Abstract: One aspect relates to detecting at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon fluoresced from substantially within an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual at least partially as a result of receiving at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon generated at least partially within at least one X-ray fluorescence event within the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual which has been generated responsive to an at least some input energy resulting from a single input energy event, wherein the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon that has passed through the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual is at a level to substantially limit interference between the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon with an at least one other induced X-ray fluorescing photon that travel for distances greater than a prescribed limit through the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at

Abstract: An X-ray fluorescence (XRF) apparatus uses both an analyzer crystal (6) and a silicon drift detector (34). By using this combination problems of background and overlapping peaks can be mitigated.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out both x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of a crystalline sample. A sample holder is located within an evacuable chamber. An x-ray fluorescence source and separate x-ray diffraction source are mounted within the evacuable chamber. An XRF detection arrangement is also provided, for detecting secondary x-rays emitted from the surface of the crystalline sample as a result of illumination by x-rays from the said x-ray fluorescence source. An XRD detection arrangement is then provided for detecting x-rays of a characteristic wavelength which have been diffracted by the crystalline sample. A moveable XRD support assembly is provided, comprising a first part configured to mount the XRD source for relative movement between the XRD source and the sample holder, and a second part configured to mount the XRD detection arrangement for relative movement between the XRD detection arrangement and the sample holder.

Abstract: A system and process for classifying a piece of material of unknown composition at high speeds, where the system connected to a power supply. The piece is irradiated with first x-rays from an x-ray source, causing the piece to fluoresce x-rays. The fluoresced x-rays are detected with an x-ray detector, and the piece of material is classified from the detected fluoresced x-rays. Detecting and classifying may be cumulatively performed in less than one second. An x-ray fluorescence spectrum of the piece of material may be determined from the detected fluoresced x-rays, and the detection of the fluoresced x-rays may be conditioned such that accurate determination of the x-ray fluorescence spectrum is not significantly compromised, slowed or complicated by extraneous x-rays. The piece of material may be classified by recognizing the spectral pattern of the determined x-ray fluorescence spectrum. The piece of material may be flattened prior to irradiation and detection.

Abstract: One aspect relates to inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon at a X-ray fluorescence event within an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual responsive to an at least some input energy being applied to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual. The aspect can include detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon, wherein the inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon and the detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon is configured to be transported portably as a self-contained and self-powered unit.

Abstract: A device, system and method for nondestructively obtaining qualitative and/or quantitative information relating to the material properties of a region in a diamond body comprises directing x-rays onto the body. The body can comprise sintered or unsintered diamond. The body can ultimately be in the form of a cutting element used with a subterranean drill bit. The x-rays penetrate the body and cause a target element within the desired region including the same to emit x-ray fluorescence. The emitted x-ray fluorescence is received and information relating to content, location, and/or distribution of the target element in the region within the body is determined therefrom. The measured region can extend axially or radially from a surface of the body, and the target elements are nondiamond materials that can be constituents of a substrate attached to the body, or of a container used during HPHT sintering of the body.

Abstract: Described is an element analysis device, which can be used to obtain precise measurements even under unfavorable environmental conditions. For this, the device is provided with a transporting means with a measuring region (14) for transporting the substance (S) to be measured, an excitation source with an exit window located in a first case (22) and an X-ray fluorescence detector (30) that is directed toward the measuring region (14), as well as an entrance window (34) that is located in a second case (32). To minimize the air absorption and prevent dust and dirt from being deposited, a tube (40, 50) extends from the entrance window (34) and/or the exit window (24) in the direction of the measuring region, which tube is essentially tightly connected to the respective case (22, 32) and is open at the end facing the measuring region and is provided with a connection (44, 54) for feeding a flushing gas into the tube (FIG. 1).

Abstract: Elemental concentrations in hair (head and body hair) and dried serum have been measured by x-ray fluorescence analysis using synchrotron radiation. The relative concentration defined by log P?log S are obtained from the fluorescent spectra, where P is the peak height for the element and S is the background height. The observation shows that hair has two separate [Ca] concentration levels, the upper level and lower level. Since the content in hair growing at a steady state must be equal to the supply from serum, the upper and the lower level of hair [Ca] are attributed to open and close Ca ion channels of the hair matrix cells and can be derived from the serum concentrations of Ca ion and Ca atoms included in serum protein, respectively. The hair analysis is useful for cancer detection and protection as well as for diagnosing the Ca metabolism.