Abstract: To provide a method and device for testing the size and conductivity of a foreign material adhered to a substrate for a liquid crystal display device, there is provided a method of testing whether a foreign material including a metal element is adhered to a substrate for a liquid crystal display device, the method including a first test step of detecting the size and position of the foreign material adhered to the substrate and a second test step of testing whether the foreign material includes the metal element at the position detected in the first test step.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the phase fraction of a fluid collected downhole is shown comprising an x-ray generator, a filter, a sample cell, and a radiation detector. The filter produces a radiation spectrum with a high energy portion and a low energy portion. Filtered radiation is passed through a sample fluid and the resulting attenuated radiation signal is used in calculating the phase fractions of oil, water, and gas in the sample fluid. In one embodiment, a second reference radiation detector measures the radiation directly from the x-ray generator and this measurement is used in normalizing the fraction result. The ratio of the high energy signal to low energy signal of the reference detector is used in controlling the input voltage of the x-ray generator thus ensuring a stable spectrum.

Abstract: To be able to achieve further small-sized formation and light-weighted formation and to promote a sensitivity by further efficiently detecting a fluorescent X-ray or the like in an X-ray tube and an X-ray analyzing apparatus, there are provided a vacuum cabinet 2 inside of which is brought into a vacuum state and which includes a window portion 1 formed by an X-ray transmitting film through which an X-ray can be transmitted, an electron beam source 3 installed at inside of the vacuum cabinet 2 for emitting an electron beam e, a target T generating a primary X-ray X1 by being irradiated with the electron beam e and installed at inside of the vacuum cabinet 2 to be able to emit the primary X-ray X1 to an outside sample S by way of the window portion 1, and an X-ray detecting element 4 arranged at inside of the vacuum cabinet 2 to be able to detect a fluorescent X-ray and a scattered X-ray X2 emitted from the sample S and incident from the window portion 1 for outputting a signal including energy information of

Abstract: An instrument and method for measuring the elemental composition of a test material. The instrument has a source of penetrating radiation for irradiating an irradiated region of the test material, a detector for detecting fluorescence emission by the test material and for generating a detector signal, and a controller for converting the detector signal into a spectrum characterizing the composition of the test material. A platen of attenuating material extends outward from adjacent to, and surrounding, the irradiated surface of the test material. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the attenuating platen is tapered such as to decrease with increasing radial distance from the central irradiated region of the test material.

Abstract: An X-ray tube which irradiates a primary X-ray to an irradiation point on a sample, an X-ray detector which detects a characteristic X-ray and a scattered X-ray emitted from the sample and outputs a signal including energy information on the characteristic X-ray and scattered X-ray, an analyzer which analyzes the signal, a sample stage on which the sample is placed, a moving mechanism which moves the sample on the sample stage, the X-ray tube, and the X-ray detector relative to each other, a height measuring mechanism which measures a maximum height of the sample, and a control unit which adjusts the distance between the sample and the X-ray tube and the distance between the sample and the X-ray detector by controlling the moving mechanism on the basis of the measured maximum height of the sample, are included.

Abstract: An X-ray tube which irradiates a primary X-ray to an irradiation point on a sample, an X-ray detector which detects a characteristic X-ray and a scattered X-ray emitted from the sample and outputs a signal including energy information of the characteristic X-ray and scattered X-ray, an analyzer which analyzes the signal, a first observation system which optically observes a surface of the sample in order to determine the irradiation point, and a second observation system which has a smaller depth of field than the first observation system, optically observes a narrow region, and measures the distance from the determined irradiation point by focus adjustment are included.

Abstract: One aspect can relate to determining a total time of flight that indicates an at least one applied duration and an at least one induced duration, wherein the at least one applied duration describes the time for an at least some pulse-type input energy to be applied from a transmission location to an at least one X-ray fluorescing event in the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual, and wherein the at least one induced duration describes the time for an at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon, to travel from the at least one X-ray fluorescing event in the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual to a location where the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon is received at least partially by a detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the distribution of an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) marker (16) in a body volume (14). The body volume (14) is irradiated with a beam of rays (12) from an X-ray source (10) with a first ray component with a quantum energy just above and a second ray component with a quantum energy just below the K-edge of the XRF marker (16). Secondary radiation emitted from the body volume (14) is detected in a location-resolved way by a detector (30). To separate the X-ray fluorescence components in the secondary radiation from background radiation, the body volume is irradiated for a second time with a beam of rays from which the first ray component has been substantially removed by a filter (22) made from the material of the XRF marker.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for presenting interventional instruments in a 3D data set of an anatomy to be treated. A 3D data set of the anatomy is recorded before introduction of an interventional instrument. Once the interventional instrument has been applied, the spatial position of the instrument is determined by x-ray fluoroscopy from images created at two different angulations. A 3D model of the instrument is formed from the x-ray images. The 3D model of the instrument is fused with the 3D data set of the anatomy. A 3D hologram is reproduced from the fused 3D data set. The 3D hologram is repeatedly reproduced in real time to follow the application of the instrument in the presentation.

Abstract: One aspect relates to deriving at least one first X-ray fluorescence visualization, image, or provided information substantially within an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual at least partially as a result of directing an at least one first applied high energy photon and/or particle having an at least one first input energy towards the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual. The aspect comprises deriving at least one second X-ray fluorescence visualization, image, or provided information substantially within the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual at least partially as a result of directing an at least one second applied high energy photon and/or particle having an at least one second input energy toward the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual.

Abstract: One aspect can relate to detecting a presence of an at least one chemical, compound, or biological material contained in an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual based at least partially on addition of an at least one chemical identifying additive to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual based at least partially on a generation of an at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon within the at least one chemical identifying additive responsive to a single input energy event in which an at least some input energy is being applied proximal to the at least one chemical, compound, or biological material contained in the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual.

Abstract: The press formability of a galvanized steel sheet including an oxide film, which has a thickness of 10 nm to 100 nm, as a surface layer is nondestructively speedily evaluated.

Abstract: Provided is an X-ray analysis apparatus including: an X-ray tubular bulb for irradiating a sample with a radiation beam; an X-ray detector for detecting a characteristic X-ray and a scattered X-ray and outputting a signal containing energy information on the characteristic X-ray and the scattered X-ray; an analyzer for analyzing the signal; a sample stage capable of moving an irradiation point relatively with respect to the sample within a mapping area set in advance; and an X-ray mapping processing section for discriminating an X-ray intensity corresponding to a specific element, determining an intensity contrast in which a color or lightness is changed in accordance with the X-ray intensity, and for performing image display at a position corresponding to the irradiation point, in which the X-ray mapping processing section determines the intensity contrast of the X-ray intensity at the irradiation point by setting in advance the X-ray intensity discriminated as to a reference material in which a component el

Abstract: A beam of electronic charges and a standing wave laser beam are generated. The beam of charges is collided with the standing wave laser beam at a substantial angle to generate a burst cone of high energy x-rays. The x-ray cone is split, collimated and steered to a collapse point of diagnosis within a patient's body. A selected volume of the patient's body is scanned for diagnosis by directing subsequent burst cones at an array of points within the volume. The fluorescence spectra are detected from each of the points resulting from the high energy x-ray scanning. A chart is generated distinguishing fluorescence spectra emitted from various points within the volume.

Abstract: In a method for checking for leakage from tubular batteries, when tubular batteries are fed with their respective axial centers aligned in parallel to each other to pass through a leakage check mechanism, a sealed end face of the tubular batteries is irradiated with an X-ray. In accordance with the result of analysis on whether the incident fluorescent X-ray entering a detector contains a fluorescent X-ray associated with an electrolyte component, it is determined whether the tubular batteries have leaked. A length of a detection window of the detector in a direction of feed of the tubular batteries is set to be less than a spacing between the tubular batteries. A length of the detection window oriented orthogonal to the direction of feed is set to be greater than an outer size of the cross-sectional shape of the tubular batteries oriented orthogonal to their axial center.

Abstract: A strip for the production of a substrate for lithographic printing plates consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and has at least to some extent a microcrystalline surface layer as a result of hot and/or cold roll passes. When analyzed in a two-dimensional microprobe analysis according to the mapping method of a surface region of the microcrystalline surface of the strip, the surface portion having an intensity ratio I/Ibulk(avg) of greater than 3 in the spectral range of the K?1 line of the X-ray emission spectrum of oxygen of the measured microcrystalline surface layer is less than 10%, preferably less than 7%, wherein, during the two-dimensional microprobe analysis, an excitation voltage of 15 kV, a beam current of 50 nA and a beam cross section of 1 ?m is used with a step size of 16.75 ?m for the electron beam.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for imaging a subject animal. The method comprises the steps of treating the animal with an x-ray contrast agent and an imaging agent; supporting the animal in an immobilized state on a support member; acquiring an x-ray anatomical image of the animal; acquiring an optical, dark-field image of the animal; and registering the x-ray anatomical image and the optical image, whereby features of the optical image can be observed in relation to features of the anatomical image.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a concentrated, monochromatic x-ray beam from a standard x-ray tube or other source of polychromatic emission. X-rays from the anode of the x-ray tube fluoresce an adjoining, independent target that produces a monochromatic spectrum, a portion of which is focused by the x-ray optical system. This two-stage method gives the system considerably versatility without undue loss in signal. The two-stage concentrator makes practical the use of focusing optics in hand-held and portable instruments.

Abstract: There is provided a fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus in which a detection lower limit is improved, and it is possible to quantify a trace aimed element having been contained not only in a sample whose main component is a heavy element but also in a sample whose main component is a light element. The fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus possesses a sample base supporting the sample, an X-ray source irradiating a primary X-ray with a predetermined irradiation position being made a center, and a detector disposed toward the irradiation position and detecting a fluorescent X-ray generated from the sample.

Abstract: An object has a taggant placed in a first portion thereof and has a visible symbol placed on a second portion thereof. When the object is to be identified and authenticated, the taggant is made to radiate with a specific energy signature. The energy signature and at least one image of the symbol are recorded along with a relative location that identifies the first portion of the object. The combination of the energy signature, symbol image and relative location are used to repeatedly identify and authenticate the object.

Abstract: A system and process for classifying a piece of material of unknown composition at high speeds, where the system connected to a power supply. The piece is irradiated with first x-rays from an x-ray source, causing the piece to fluoresce x-rays. The fluoresced x-rays are detected with an x-ray detector, and the piece of material is classified from the detected fluoresced x-rays. Detecting and classifying may be cumulatively performed in less than one second. An x-ray fluorescence spectrum of the piece of material may be determined from the detected fluoresced x-rays, and the detection of the fluoresced x-rays may be conditioned such that accurate determination of the x-ray fluorescence spectrum is not significantly compromised, slowed or complicated by extraneous x-rays. The piece of material may be classified by recognizing the spectral pattern of the determined x-ray fluorescence spectrum. The piece of material may be flattened prior to irradiation and detection.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting mercury or other material deposits on an inner surface of an enclosed passage are provided. The device includes a detection unit that is adapted to be transported through the passage, and the detection unit includes a radiation source and an x-ray fluorescence detector. The radiation source is configured to emit a radiation emission toward the inner surface of the passage to excite a portion of the inner surface, and the x-ray fluorescence detector is configured to detect a resulting x-ray emission from the portion of the inner surface to identify a material deposit on the inner surface. The detection unit can identify material deposits at successive positions along a length of the passage and thereby generate a plurality of data points, each data point providing an indication of a material deposit existence for a corresponding position along the length of the passage.

Abstract: A system and method for obtaining a quantitative measurement of the location and size of a contrast material within a bodily organ, such as the GI tract of a person. A contrast material is introduced into the organ and a plurality of images is obtained. A curve representing the bodily organ is formed based on the images. Local image fields are defined along the curve and a field intensity is found for each by integrating the intensity of the image in the field. An intensity profile along the length of the curve is thus obtained for each image and provides a quantitative representation of contrast material along the bodily organ. The profiles are displayed in any suitable way. In some embodiments, identification of the curve may be aided by introduction of targets are into the organ. The target locations can be identified in each image.

Abstract: In an X-ray analysis apparatus and an X-ray analysis method, a quantitative analysis is stably performed by stably behaving an X-ray source. There are possessed an X-ray tubular bulb irradiating a primary X-ray to a sample, a primary X-ray adjustment mechanism capable of adjusting an intensity of the primary X-ray, an X-ray detector detecting a characteristic X-ray radiated from the sample, thereby outputting a signal including energy informations of the characteristic X-ray and a scattered X-ray, an analyzer analyzing the above signal, and an incident X-ray adjustment mechanism disposed between the sample and the X-ray detector, and capable of adjusting a total intensity of the characteristic X-ray and the scattered x-ray, which are entered to the X-ray detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing bacteria is described that includes an analyte sample preparing section for preparing an analyte sample from a specimen; a detector for detecting optical information from each particle in the analyte sample; and a controller for detecting non-fermentative bacteria on the basis of the detected optical information. A method for analyzing bacteria is also described.

Abstract: The rotating X-ray apparatus disclosed has a pair of driven rotatable rings with an X-ray source mounted for impinging a beam that passes through a specimen to an X-ray receptor. A reversible motor, controlled by a reversing switch, drives the rotatable rings around the specimen. The rotatable rings are mounted between a pair of frame plates that are supported on transverse rails for lateral movement.

Abstract: A wireless X-ray fluoroscopic imaging system is provided. The system includes an X-ray generation unit configured to perform X-ray exposure for each frame of imaging; a sensor unit configured to output image data; and an image processing unit configured to designate the exposure, wherein the sensor unit includes a first counter configured to be reset and resume counting in response to a beacon signal, and a unit configured to save a readout trigger offset for readout, and starts the readout when a counter value of the first counter matches the readout trigger offset, and the image processing unit includes a second counter configured to be reset and resume counting in response to the beacon signal, and a unit configured to save an exposure trigger offset for the exposure, and starts the exposure when a counter value of the second counter matches the exposure trigger offset.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray source for the generation of fluorescent X-rays. The X-ray source is realized by an electron source for the emission of electrons and a target which emits X-rays in response to the incidence of the electrons, the target comprising a ring-shaped primary target for the emission of primary X-rays in response to the incidence of the electrons and a secondary target for the emission of fluorescent X-rays in response to the incidence of the primary X-rays. To obtain an enhanced radiance, it is proposed that the primary target comprises a liquid metal channel arranged in a radial direction relative to a central axis, and that a liquid metal circulates in the liquid metal channel during operation of the X-ray source in the radial direction from an inner side to an outer side of the ring-shaped primary target.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of detecting fine surface defects, including: applying nano phosphor paste on a surface of a subject; squeegeeing the surface of the subject such that the nano phosphor paste remains only in defects in the subject; and detecting the fine defects in the subject by placing the subject over a light detection plate, irradiating the subject with a light source, and then determining that light-emitting portions detected using the light detection plate are defects in the subject. The method of detecting fine surface defects is advantageous in that the problems with the conventional methods, such as surface contamination, the difficulty in realizing uniform application of a penetrant on a subject, the limitations on the dwelling time of the penetrant and the testing temperature (surface temperature of the subject: 16˜50° C.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus and a fluoroscopic image display apparatus are provided for displaying postural information of a subject on a fluoroscopic image. The X-ray imaging apparatus detects an X-ray irradiated from an X-ray irradiator and passing through a subject and takes a fluoroscopic image. The X-ray detector includes a visible indicator at a corner of an X-ray incidence plane, a display device that displays a fluoroscopic image based on a detection signal from the X-ray detector together with an orient mark corresponding to the indicator, and a writing device that enables a mark indicating the posture of a subject on the displayed fluoroscopic image.

Abstract: Formation strontium concentrations are measured utilizing a borehole tool. A log may be provided as a function of depth or distance. The strontium measurements can be correlated chronostratigraphically to provide a depth to absolute time correlation. Measures of strontium made in the borehole can be correlated to information obtained via seismic exploration of the formation traversed by the borehole. Measures of strontium in multiple boreholes of a single formation can be correlated.

Abstract: A system and methods for identifying contents of an enclosure such as an air cargo container. A three-dimensional image indicative of at least one of the CT number and the density of contents of the enclosure is obtained using penetrating radiation such as x-rays. If one or more suspect regions are identified among contents of the enclosure, a collimated neutron beam is activated to traverse each suspect region and fluorescent emission from the suspect region is detected, allowing material within the suspect region to be characterized based at least on the detected fluorescent emission. Additionally, the collimated neutron beam may be employed for neutron imaging of the contents of the enclosure.

Abstract: A plurality of elements can be analyzed simultaneously with high sensitivity using a microchip. The microchip (1) comprises a substrate (30), a channel (23) formed in the substrate (30), and an analyzing part (10) consisting of a part of flat surface of the substrate (30), where the outlet of the channel (23) is formed as an opening (9c) and measurement object liquid overflowed from the opening (9c) stays on the flat surface of the substrate (30) to become a sample of analysis. The measurement object liquid is made to overflow as a sample of analysis to the analyzing part (10) using the microchip (1) and then the sample of analysis is preferably dried before a primary X-ray is made to enter under conditions of total reflection and fluorescent X-rays are detected.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of generating metabolic images of an investigation region (3) of a body (1) by irradiating an X-ray fluorescence marker in that region and detecting the resulting X-ray fluorescence with a fluorescence detector (30). A fan beam (12) is used as a source of primary X-radiation, thus allowing the scanning of a whole body slice (3) in one step. The fluorescence image may be directly measured, e.g. by mapping voxels (104) of the investigation region onto pixels (134) of the detector (130) with the help of a pinhole collimator (132), or it may be reconstructed by procedures of computed tomography. Moreover, a morphological image may be generated by simultaneously recording X-ray transmission through the body (1).

Abstract: An X-ray optical system provides selectively a linear X-ray beam and a point X-ray beam while using an X-ray source which generates an X-ray beam having a linear section. When the point X-ray beam is selected, an X-ray intensity per unit area becomes higher. The X-ray optical system has an X-ray source, a parabolic multilayer mirror to which an aperture slit plate is attached, an optical-path selection slit device, a polycapillary optics and an exit-width restriction slit. The polycapillary optics and the exit-width restriction slit are detachably inserted into a path of a parallel beam coming from the parabolic multilayer mirror, and thus they can be removed from the path and a Soller slit and a divergence slit can be inserted instead.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a fluid sample by XRF includes the steps of: depositing the fluid sample onto a substrate, exposing the sample and the substrate to an x-ray emission, generating a first analytical signal responsive to the x-ray emission, providing an operable first reference material having a first extended position above the substrate and in communication with the x-ray emission, periodically extending the first reference material to its first extended position, generating a first calibration signal, providing an operable second reference material having a first extended position below the substrate and in communication with the x-ray emission, and periodically extending the second reference material to its first extended position and generating at least one second calibration signal. The first and second calibration signals are compared with predetermined values. The first and second reference materials also have second retracted positions.

Abstract: Methods and systems for scanning a container for contraband are provided. In one aspect, a method includes scanning the container using computed tomography (CT) to identify a location of an item of interest, determining a nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) scan configuration based on the location of the item of interest, positioning the container in the NRF scan configuration, irradiating the item of interest, detecting gamma rays emitted from the item of interest to generate signals representative of the detected gamma rays, and analyzing the generated signals to determine a presence of contraband.

Abstract: An additive formulation includes a carrier material, a first additive present in the carrier material at a first additive concentration, and a tracer present in the carrier material at a first tracer concentration. The tracer is a metal amenable to detection by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Further embodiments include a manufactured article having incorporated therein the additive formulation. A method is also disclosed for detecting an additive in a manufactured article, the method involving application of X-ray fluorescence analysis of the tracer element.

Abstract: An XRF system including an analyzer with a sample bottle holder, an x-ray source positioned to emit x-rays into a sample bottle placed in the holder, and a detector positioned to receive x-rays emitted by a sample in the sample bottle positioned in the sample bottle holder. A supply of sample bottles receivable in the sample bottle holder, each sample bottle including a first cap with the window therein for allowing x-rays to pass there through when the sample bottle is positioned in the holder, and a second cap without a window for transporting and storing the sample.

Abstract: To provide an energy dispersion type radiation detecting system and a method of measuring a content of an object element capable of carrying out a measurement by determining an intensity of an incidence radiation to constitute an optimum minimum limit of detection by restraining an influence of a pile up, the energy dispersion type radiation detecting system includes an incidence system of irradiating the incidence radiation to a sample by a predetermined intensity, a detection system of detecting a radiation emitted from the sample by irradiating the incidence radiation for specifying a content of an object element of the sample based on a spectrum of the detected radiation, and the energy dispersion type radiation detecting system includes a control portion capable of irradiating the incidence radiation by an optimum intensity by determining the optimum intensity of the incidence radiation minimizing a minimum limit of detection of the object element based on the spectrum of the detected radiation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing fluids by means of x-ray fluorescence. The method and apparatus are applicable to any fluid, including liquids and gases, having at least one component that emits x-ray fluorescence when exposed to x-rays. The apparatus includes an x-ray source (82) including an x-ray tube (64) having improved heat dissipating properties due to the thermal coupling of the x-ray tube with a thermally-conductive, dielectric material (70, 1150). The x-ray tube also includes means for aligning (100, 2150, 2715) the x-ray tube with the x-ray source housing whereby the orientation of the x-ray beam produced by the x-ray source can be optimized, and stabilized various over operating conditions. The method and apparatus may also include an x-ray detector having a small-area, for example, a PIN-diode type semiconductor x-ray detector (120), that can provide effective x-ray detection at room temperature.

Abstract: In a fluorescent X-ray analysis method, a sample (1) is set on a sample stage (2) on an upper side of an X-ray irradiation chamber (7) and a sample cover (6) is closed from the upper part of the sample (1) to surround the sample (1), and then, a lower plane of the sample (1) is irradiated with X-ray for analysis. When the sample (1) is set on the sample stage (2) and the sample cover (6) is closed, a cover detecting means (8) detects that the sample cover (6) is closed and X-ray is automatically projected from an X-ray source (3) to start analysis.

Abstract: One aspect relates to optically detecting an at least one scintillated viewable and/or visible photon that has been converted from the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon. The aspect can also relate to optically detecting an at least one scintillated viewable and/or visible photon that has been converted from the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon.

Abstract: An x-ray device and method useful in performing close coupled sample analyses. The x-ray device includes an evacuated enclosure having a window and in which is disposed a cathode assembly, control grid, insulator, and anode arranged so that the anode is interposed between the electron source and the window. The anode includes a target surface oriented toward the window and the anode defines a drift tunnel which is substantially aligned with a hollow defined by the insulator. The control grid can be used to influence the energy of the electrons emitted by the filament of the cathode assembly. A high voltage field between the anode and filament causes electrons emitted by the cathode to accelerate rapidly through the insulator. After accelerating to an energy level consistent with the high voltage field, the electrons then pass through the drift tunnel without gaining any additional appreciable energy.

Abstract: One aspect relates to determining a location of an at least one X-ray fluorescing event occurring within an at least some matter of at least a portion of an individual, wherein the determining the location of the at least one X-ray fluorescing event is based at least in part on determining a relative angle at which an at least one applied high energy photon and/or particle is being applied to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the individual, a relative position from which an at least one applied high energy photon and/or particle is being applied to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the individual, a detected location of an at least one induced fluorescing X-ray photon fluoresced during the at least one X-ray fluorescing event, and a received angle at which the at least one induced fluorescing X-ray photon is received.

Abstract: One aspect can relate to determining a total time of flight that indicates an at least one applied duration and an at least one induced duration, wherein the at least one applied duration describes the time for an at least some pulse-type input energy to be applied from a transmission location to an at least one X-ray fluorescing event in the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual, and wherein the at least one induced duration describes the time for an at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon, to travel from the at least one X-ray fluorescing event in the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual to a location where the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon is received at least partially by a detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon.

Abstract: One aspect relates to detecting at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon fluoresced from substantially within an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual at least partially as a result of receiving at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon generated at least partially within at least one X-ray fluorescence event within the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual which has been generated responsive to an at least some input energy resulting from a single input energy event, wherein the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon that has passed through the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual is at a level to substantially limit interference between the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon with an at least one other induced X-ray fluorescing photon that travel for distances greater than a prescribed limit through the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at

Abstract: One aspect relates to inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon at a X-ray fluorescence event within an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual responsive to an at least some input energy being applied to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual. The aspect can include detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon, wherein the inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon and the detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon is configured to be transported portably as a self-contained and self-powered unit.

Abstract: One aspect relates to inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon at a X-ray fluorescence event within an at least some matter of an at least a portion of an at least one individual responsive to an at least some input energy being applied to the at least some matter of the at least the portion of the at least one individual. The aspect can relate to detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon, wherein the inducing at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon and the detecting the at least one induced X-ray fluorescing photon is configured to be performed at least partially with at least one device which is configured to be transported portably by a person.

Abstract: The present invention provides an X-ray imaging apparatus and X-ray controlling method which allows appropriate X-ray control irrespective of the type and position of a subject. The X-ray controller device for controlling the X-ray emission condition of the X-ray emitter device based on the image information of a fluoroscopic image sets within one frame of the fluoroscopic image a plurality of narrow regions and one single wide region encompassing these narrow regions, selects as the formal region, from within the plurality of narrow regions and the wide region, the region in which the subject is assumed to be present, or selects as the formal region the wide region if there is no region in which the subject is assumed to be present, then control the X-ray emission condition of the X-ray emitter device based on the image information in the formal region.