Abstract: The present invention is related to a system for removal of moisture and contaminants from recirculated flue gas. The system includes a spray tower for spraying the flue gas with a liquid reagent to remove contaminants from the flue gas. A heat exchanger, integrally connected to the spray tower, cools the liquid reagent before the reagent is sprayed onto the flue gas stream. Cooled liquid reagent improves the condensation of the water vapor in the flue gas during the spraying process and provides a lower moisture content flue gas exiting the system. Combustion process efficiency improves as flue gas redirected to the burner for combustion contains.

Abstract: Novel sulfur recovery plants, and processes utilizing these plants are disclosed. These apparatuses eliminate the use of a condenser between the waste heat boiler and first Claus catalytic reactors, and also eliminate the use of reheaters in between Claus catalytic reactors.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus utilizing hydrogen peroxide are useful to reduce SOx and mercury (or other heavy metal) emissions from combustion flue gas streams. The methods and apparatus may further be modified to reduce NOx emissions. Continuous concentration of hydrogen peroxide to levels approaching or exceeding propellant-grade hydrogen peroxide facilitates increased system efficiency. In this manner, combustion flue gas streams can be treated for the removal of SOx and heavy metals, while isolating useful by-products streams of sulfuric acid as well as solids for the recovery of the heavy metals. Where removal of NOx emissions is included, nitric acid may also be isolated for use in fertilizer or other industrial applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the regeneration of a SOx removal catalyst (14) and a NOx reducing catalyst (12). Additionally, this invention relates to the reduction or elimination of sulfur breakthrough from the SOx removal catalyst (14) to the NOx reducing catalyst (12) that may occur during or after a regeneration sequence.

Abstract: Photo-oxidation catalysts and methods for cleaning a metal-based catalyst are disclosed. An exemplary catalyst system implementing a photo-oxidation catalyst may comprise a metal-based catalyst, and a photo-oxidation catalyst for cleaning the metal-based catalyst in the presence of light. The exposure to light enables the photo-oxidation catalyst to substantially oxidize absorbed contaminants and reduce accumulation of the contaminants on the metal-based catalyst. Applications are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for separating sulfur dioxide from a gas using an aqueous absorption liquid. The system includes a housing, an apertured plate, an outlet box, a distribution mechanism, a container, and a pump. The housing has an inlet and an outlet. The apertured plate is positioned between the inlet and the outlet and includes a lower side, an upper side, and apertures fluidly connecting the lower and upper sides. The outlet box includes a distribution mechanism that is arranged so that the absorption liquid draining from the outlet box contacts the gas from the inlet before the gas passes through the apertures in the apertured plate. The container contains the absorption liquid and is fluidly connected with the housing. The pump draws the absorption liquid from the container through the pump and through a conduit to the upper side of the apertured plate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described for contacting an oxidizing solution such as an aqueous hydrogen peroxide composition of hydrogen peroxide and at least one additive that catalyzes the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals with an atmospheric effluent containing odorous and/or noxious components. These components are absorbed by the aqueous hydrogen peroxide composition to produce an atmospheric effluent having reduced amounts of the odorous and/or noxious components. Various methods are described for adding the hydrogen peroxide and the decomposition additive.

Abstract: Contemplated configurations and methods for flue gas treatment comprise a quench section and a scrubbing section that are configured and operated to avoid net condensation of water from the quenched flue gas in the scrubbing section. Consequently, the active agent in the scrubbing medium can be maintained at high concentration and will so allow continuous removal of SOX and NOX to very low concentrations. Moreover, as the scrubbing medium is not diluted by condensate, loss of active agent can be substantially reduced.

Abstract: A feed gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide is subjected to a Claus reaction in a Claus furnace (16). Oxygen or oxygen-enriched air containing at least 80% by volume oxygen is supplied to the furnace (16) to support combustion of the hydrogen sulfide. Sulfur vapour is condensed out of the resultant effluent gas in a sulfur condenser (3). The sulfur depleted effluent gas is subjected to a plurality of stages of catalytic reaction of hydrogen sulfide in order to form further sulfur vapour in catalytic reactors (36, 44) and (52) with the sulfur vapour being condensed out of the gas in sulfur condensers (38, 46) and (54). The sulfur dioxide content of the resulting tail gas is reduced to hydrogen sulfide in reactor (6).

Abstract: Provided is a system for removing mercury from a mercury-containing exhaust gas, which contains a mercury chlorinating agent feed unit for feeding a mercury chlorinating agent to an flue exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and mercury, a reductive denitration unit for reducing the nitrogen oxide, and a desulfurization unit for removing the sulfur oxide, characterized in that the mercury chlorinating agent feed unit further comprises a heating unit for heating a non-gaseous agent for mercury chlorination which is in the non-gaseous form under normal temperature and normal pressure or a gasifying unit for obtaining a gaseous agent for mercury chlorination from the non-gaseous agent for mercury chlorination. The present invention makes it possible to provide a mercury removal process and system which have high reliability and can be operated at a low cost.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved method and system for separating and purifying gas using gas-liquid absorption. According to this invention, the method is carried out in an absorber, where a liquid absorbent, a gas mixture containing a gas to be absorbed were introduced from an inlet. During absorption, the second liquid phase was separated out from the absorbent. The absorbed gas was accumulated in one of liquid phases. After absorption, two liquid phases were separated. One of the liquids with rich absorbed gas was forward to regenerator. After regeneration, the liquid was cycled back to absorber. The liquid phase with lean absorbed gas was back to absorber directly to complete the cycle.

Abstract: A method of controlling SO3 flue gas concentration in a combustion process utilizing a SCR using a sulfurous fuel, the method steps including: providing a combustion system with low NOx burners and SCR; partially combusting the fuel in a first stage to create a reducing environment; maintaining the reducing environment for a sufficient time period such that SO3 is reduced to SO2 to achieve a desirable level of SO3; combusting the remainder of the fuel and combustion intermediates in a second stage with oxidizing environment; reducing the remaining NOx with the SCR; thereby reducing emissions NOx.

Abstract: A method for treating flue gas may include adding iron to a slurry in a ratio between approximately 20-to-1 and 5000-to-1 by weight of iron to a weight of mercury, selenium or other heavy metal to be removed from the flue gas, and contacting the slurry with the flue gas in a flue gas desulfurization system. A system for treating flue gas may include a scrubber, a slurry tank, and a water source. Water and limestone may be combined in the slurry tank to form a limestone slurry. At least a portion of the limestone slurry may be used to treat flue gas in the scrubber. Iron may be added to at least a portion of the limestone slurry used to treat flue gas in the scrubber. The iron used in either the method or system may be a ferrous or ferric salt, or elemental iron.

Abstract: A method for desulfurizing natural gas includes contacting the natural gas with an adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs at least one of hydrogen sulfide, COS, sulfur odorants, or combinations thereof, at a selected temperature and pressure, thereby producing desulfurized natural gas and an at least one of hydrogen sulfide/COS/sulfur odorant/combinations thereof-rich adsorbed component. The adsorbent includes a copper species adapted to form ?-complexation bonds and direct metal-sulfur bonds with the at least one of hydrogen sulfide, COS, sulfur odorants, or combinations thereof, and wherein the preferential adsorption occurs by ?-complexation and direct metal-sulfur bonding.

Abstract: Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for removing mercury in exhaust gas, in which mercury is removed from exhaust gas of a boiler, characterized in that between a denitrification apparatus and a wet type desulfurization apparatus, an NH3 decomposition catalyst and a mercury oxidation catalyst are provided, and mercury having been oxidized into mercury chloride is removed by the wet type desulfurization apparatus. Also, it provides a method for removing mercury in exhaust gas, characterized in that the mercury removing method includes an NH3 decomposition process and a mercury oxidation process, which are provided between the denitrification process and a wet desulfurization process, and mercury having been oxidized into mercury chloride is removed in the wet desulfurization process.

Abstract: A method for treating exhaust gas includes: adsorbing target components in the exhaust gas with an adsorbent (5); introducing a nitrogen gas with an oxygen concentration of 10 vol % or less and a purity of 90 vol % or more into the adsorbent (5); and applying (6, 7, 8) nonthermal plasma to the adsorbent (5). After the adsorbent (5) adsorbs the target components in the exhaust gas, the nitrogen gas is introduced into the adsorbent (5), and then an electric discharge is generated so that the nonthermal plasma of the nitrogen gas is applied to the adsorbent (5) and causes desorption of the target components and regeneration of the adsorbent (5). This method can remove the target components effectively from oxygen-containing exhaust gas by using nitrogen gas plasma with high activity as a result of ionization of a nitrogen gas and combining adsorption, desorption by the nitrogen gas plasma, and nitrogen plasma treatment.

Abstract: A method of reducing at least one atmospheric oxidising pollutant, such as ozone, with a reducing agent comprises contacting the reducing agent with the at least one atmospheric oxidising pollutant, wherein the reducing agent comprises a precious metal-free trap material, such as a zeolite, including at least one trapped atmospheric reducing pollutant, e.g. a hydrocarbon, whereby as the at least one atmospheric oxidising pollutant is reduced the at least one trapped atmospheric reducing pollutant is oxidised.

Abstract: A flue gas purification device includes a receptacle, which has an absorption zone, through which the supplied glue gas can flow in an essentially horizontal direction.

Abstract: A method for hydride gas purification uses materials having at least one lanthanide metal or lanthanide metal oxide. The method reduces contaminants to less than 100 parts per billion (ppb), preferably 10 ppb, more preferably 1 ppb. The material can also include transition metals and transition metal oxides, rare earth elements and other metal oxides. The invention also includes materials for use in the method of the invention.

Abstract: Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.

Abstract: A discharge gas treatment apparatus and method which lower treatment cost and which attain efficient removal of mercury contained in a discharge gas are provided. The discharge gas treatment apparatus, includes a cooling apparatus for controlling the temperature of the discharge gas to a predetermined temperature in accordance with the hydrogen chloride concentration of the discharge gas; an NOx removal catalyst unit for reducing nitrogen oxide contained in the discharge gas and for causing reaction between mercury and hydrogen chloride contained in the discharge gas, the discharge gas having been controlled to the predetermined temperature and having been introduced to the apparatus, with ammonia being added thereto; and a wet-format desulfurization apparatus, disposed on the downstream side with respect to the NOx removal catalyst unit, for removing sulfur oxide and mercury chloride contained in the discharge gas through dissolving sulfur oxide and mercury chloride in a liquid absorbent.

Abstract: A process for the removal of a pollutant from a gas is provided that includes contacting a gas comprising a pollutant with a cataloreactant wherein the cataloreactant reacts with the pollutant and wherein an oxidation state of the cataloreactant is reduced. The cataloreactant may be regenerated with an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for removing mercaptans from a gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas and mercaptans, the process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting a first gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas and mercaptans with a hydrodesulphurisation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen in a hydrodesulphurisation unit to obtain a second gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas, which is depleted of mercaptans and enriched in H2S; (b) removing H2S from the second gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas in a H2S removal unit to obtain a purified gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas, which is depleted of mercaptans.

Abstract: This system for the elimination of SOx (Sulphur Oxide) stored in a NOx (24) (Nitrogen Oxide) trap associated with an oxidation catalyst and placed upstream of a particle filter (26) in an exhaust line of a motor vehicle engine comprises a feed supervisor (32) able only to trigger the execution of an operation to flush out the NOx trap and cancel the execution of an operation to regenerate the particle filter, when the flushing out operation is to be performed immediately before or after the regeneration operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method that uses generated alkaline, alkaline-earth, and/or silica/alumina aerosols as a multifunctional additive to scavenge sulfur oxides in flue gas, minimize poisoning effects of sulfur oxides on mercury sorbent performance, and enhance particulate matter capture in electrostatic precipitators and other particulate filter devices by conditioning the fly ash.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing acid gases and ammonia from a fluid stream in which a fluid stream comprising acid gases and ammonia is brought into contact with an aqueous absorption medium. The fluid stream is depleted of acid gases and ammonia and the absorption medium stream, which is charged with acid gases and ammonia, is regenerated in a desorption step. The acid gases and the ammonia are stripped out of the absorption medium and the condensable fractions thereof are condensed. A condensate and also a purified absorption medium stream are obtained. The condensate is ejected in part or completely from the desorption step, or feed in part or completely to a distillation column in which ammonia is separated off overhead as an aqueous solution or in the pure state. A aqueous bottom stream is obtained which is recycled to the absorption step or the desorption step.

Abstract: A method for generating energy and/or fuel from the halogenation of a carbon-containing material and/or a sulfur-containing chemical comprises supplying the carbon-containing material (e.g., coal, lignite, biomass, cellulose, milorganite, methane, sewage, animal manure, municipal solid waste, pulp, paper products, food waste) and/or the sulfur-containing chemical (e.g., H2S, SO2, SO3, elemental sulfur) and a first halogen-containing chemical to a reactor. The carbon-containing material and/or the sulfur-containing chemical and the halogen-containing chemical are reacted in the reactor to form a second halogen-containing chemical and carbon dioxide, sulfur and/or sulfuric acid. The second halogen-containing chemical is dissociated (e.g., electrolyzed) to form the first halogen-containing chemical and hydrogen gas (H2). The first halogen-containing chemical can be Br2 and the second halogen-containing chemical can be HBr. Any carbon dioxide formed during reaction can be directed to a prime mover (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method and apparatus for purifying carbon dioxide. Sulfur species are efficiently and effectively removed from the carbon dioxide by a series of steps which include heater/heat exchange means, impurity adsorption means and cooling means.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the fouling during the removal of sulfur trioxide from a flue gas stream by maintaining the reagent (i. e. sodium sesquicarbonate) in contact with the flue gas for a sufficient time and temperature to react a portion of the reagent with a portion of the sulfur trioxide to substantially avoid formation of liquid phase NaHSO4 reaction product that combines with the fly ash so as to not form a sticky ash residue that adheres to the flue gas duct, wherein the reaction product of the reagent and the sulfur trioxide is selected from the group consisting of Na2SO4, Na2S2O7 and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a means to produce on site Hydrogen to power fuel cells or Hydrogen engines storing the energy in Calcium metal. It continues by using the Calcium hydroxide byproduct of Calcium generated Hydrogen reaction to capture Carbon dioxide from exhaust situations, both moving and stationary as trucks and power plants. This reaction goes to completion with the sedimentation of Calcium carbonate, which may be useful to the cement industry as a component of their products, or it could be used to capture sulfates in stack gas. Either Calcium carbonate or Calcium sulfate may be electrolyzed to recover metallic Calcium, which is not readily available on the market at this time. Solar power, water wheels, resistive gym apparatus, wind power generation of electrical energy as well as unused power from power plants can electrolyze water into Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Abstract: A method for reducing acid gases in a flue gas, the method comprising reacting biosolids comprising a scrubbing agent with a flue gas comprising an acid gas, thereby reducing the amount of acid gas in the flue gas is disclosed. Also disclosed is a flue gas scrubbing process comprising: combusting a fossil fuel and biosolids comprising a scrubbing agent, thereby producing a flue gas comprising an acid gas, wherein the flue gas has a reduced amount of acid gas compared with flue gas produced from the combustion of the fossil filet alone. A flue gas scrubbing process comprising providing a stream of biosolids that includes a hydroxide or an oxide of a Group IA or IIA element, providing a flue gas comprising an acid gas, and reacting the biosolids stream with the flue gas so as to reduce the amount of acid gas in the flue gas is also disclosed.

Abstract: A biomass feeding unit feeds biomass to a boiler. A hydrogen-chlorine monitoring unit measures hydrogen-chloride content in flue gas fed to a desulfurization equipment. A mercury monitoring unit measures mercury content in treated flue gas emitted from the desulfurization equipment. A feed-amount instruction unit instructs proper feed amount of the biomass to the biomass feeding unit based on measurement values obtained by the hydrogen-chlorine monitoring unit and the mercury monitoring unit.

Abstract: Sorbent compositions for coal contain nitrogenous components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon combustion. The sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; directly into the fireball during combustion; are added to the fuel before combustion and into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone, preferably where the flue gas temperature is at least 500° C. The sorbent compositions comprise a source of nitrate ions, a source of nitrite ions, or a combination of nitrate and nitrite sources. The sorbents are added as solids or as solutions in water. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions further comprise a source of halogen such as bromide.

Abstract: The combustion fume flowing in through line 1 is decarbonated by contacting with a solvent in column C2. The solvent laden with carbon dioxide is regenerated in zone R. The purified fume discharged through line 9 comprises part of the solvent. The method allows to extract the solvent contained in the purified fume. The purified fume is contacted in zone ZA with a non-aqueous ionic liquid of general formula Q+ A?; Q+ designates an ammonium, phosphonium and/or sulfonium cation, and A? an anion likely to form a liquid salt. The solvent-depleted purified fume is discharged through line 17. The solvent-laden ionic liquid is regenerated by heating in evaporation device DE. The solvent separated from the ionic liquid in device DE is recycled.

Abstract: It is an high efficiency and low cost apparatus for simultaneous dry desulfurization and denitration (10), capable of simultaneous oxidation of nitrogen monoxide and sulfur dioxide by chain reaction with OH radical, provided with an OH radical supplying unit (12), a reactor (14), a sulfuric acid recovering unit (16), and a nitric acid recovering unit (18). Exhaust gas at 600-800° C. containing sulfur compounds from a boiler (2) is introduced into the reactor (14), nitric acid is spray-supplied from an OH radical supplying unit (12) into the reactor (14), sulfur dioxide and nitrogen monoxide are simultaneously oxidized with OH radicals generated from pyrolysis of nitric acid as an initiator to form sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide, thereby exhaust gas is treated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gas using chlorine dioxide (ClO2). In the process, chlorine dioxide is allowed to react with flue gas in an alkaline solution so as to be able to simultaneously remove sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the flue gas. In the simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from flue gas using the process, chlorine dioxide is produced by side reactions, and the produced chlorine dioxide can be used to remove sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from flue gas.

Abstract: The desulfation of a NOx storage catalytic converter takes place in two phases. In a first phase, the NOx storage catalytic converter is alternately exposed to rich and lean exhaust gas. In a subsequent second phase, the NOx storage catalytic converter is operated using rich exhaust gas. This method permits the quantity of hydrogen sulfide that occurs during the desulfation process to be minimized and achieves at the same time an efficient removal of sulfate from the deep-seated layers of the NOx storage catalytic converter.

Abstract: Processes comprising: providing a crude gas comprising hydrogen chloride and at least one sulfur compound; and passing the crude gas across a sacrificial material such that at least a portion of the at least one sulfur compound is oxidized and precipitated as sulfate onto the sacrificial material to provide a hydrogen chloride product gas.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization process and system that utilize ammonia as a reactant, and in which any hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans within the ammonia are separated during the desulfurization process so as to prevent their release into the atmosphere. The process and system entail absorbing acidic gases from a flue gas with a scrubbing media containing ammonium sulfate to produce a stream of scrubbed flue gas, collecting the scrubbing media containing the absorbed acidic gases, injecting into the collected scrubbing media a source of ammonia that is laden with hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans so that the injected ammonia is absorbed into and reacted with the collected scrubbing media, stripping the hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans from the collected scrubbing media by causing the hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans to exit the collected scrubbing media as stripped gases, and collecting the stripped gases without allowing the stripped gases to enter the stream of scrubbed flue gas.

Abstract: A process by which heat is removed from a reactant fluid to reach the operating temperature of a known pollutant removal method and said heat is recirculated to raise the temperature of the product fluid. The process can be utilized whenever an intermediate step reaction requires a lower reaction temperature than the prior and next steps. The benefits of a heat-recirculating cooler include the ability to use known pollutant removal methods and increased thermal efficiency of the system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus utilizing chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide are useful to reduce emissions of NOx, SOx, and heavy metals, e.g., mercury, emissions from combustion flue gas streams.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from a gas stream containing a high ratio of mercaptans to hydrogen sulfide, wherein the first step removes hydrogen sulfide by washing the gas stream with an aqueous washing solution comprising water, a physical solvent and a chemical solvent. The first removal step is followed by a second removal step by which mercaptans are removed from the washed gas stream by means of molecular sieves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning exhaust gases produced by an ore sintering process in metal production consisting in mixing ores, possibly associated with other metal-containing materials, with a solid fuel, in sintering said materials by simulataneously combusting said solid fuel and in carrying out a distillation process. In such a way that NOx is removed and the effects of other aggressive components, in particular SO2, on a catalyst are limited or removed at a large degree.

Abstract: The gaseous effluent flowing in through line 1 is contacted in absorption zone ZA with the liquid absorbent solution flowing in through line 9. The gaseous effluent depleted in acid compounds is discharged through line 2. The absorbent solution laden with acid compounds is discharged through line 3. The absorbent solution once laden with acid compounds comprises two phases: a first phase poor in acid compounds and a second phase rich in acid compounds. The two phases are separated in zone ZS. The first phase is recycled through lines 5 and 9 to absorption zone ZA. The second phase is fed through line 4 into regeneration zone ZR. In zone ZR, the acid compounds are separated from the absorbent solution. The acid compounds are discharged through line 7. The regenerated absorbent solution is recycled through lines 6 and 9 to zone ZA.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating flue gas containing sulfur dioxide using a scrubber, and more particularly relates to recovering gypsum and magnesium hydroxide products from the scrubber blowdown. The gypsum and magnesium hydroxide products are created using two separate precipitation reactions. Gypsum is crystallized when magnesium sulfate reacts with calcium chloride. Magnesium hydroxide is precipitated when magnesium chloride from the gypsum crystallization process reacts with calcium hydroxide. The process produces a high quality gypsum with a controllable pH and particle size distribution, as well as high quality magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes and apparatuses for reducing the content of pollutants in a boiler system flue gas resulting from combustion of fuel. The present invention discloses improved slurry injection techniques, re-circulation of flue gas to provide momentum to the injected slurry, a measurement system for obtaining system profile information and a system to optimize the reduction of pollutants in a flue gas by adjusting the injection of slurry suspension based on system profile information.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing sulfur dioxide from a dry gas stream which comprises following steps: (a) adding a hydrogen-peroxide-comprising liquid to the gas stream, sulfuric acid forming from the hydrogen peroxide and the sulfur dioxide and (b) condensing, absorbing or aerosol precipitation of the sulfuric acid formed. The admixed hydrogen-peroxide-comprising liquid is mixed with the dry gas stream in the course of less than 0.3 s in such a manner that the admixed liquid is essentially homogeneously distributed in the gas stream. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for removing sulfur dioxide from a dry gas stream which comprises at least one atomizing nozzle for adding the hydrogen-peroxide-comprising liquid and a filter or aerosol separator, arranged downstream, in the direction of flow of the gas stream, of the at least one atomizing nozzle, in each case at least one atomizing nozzle being arranged on a cross sectional area of 300 to 350 cm2.

Abstract: A sorbent composition comprising a vanadium compound and a TiO2 support material is disclosed. Methods of making and using the composition to remove heavy metals or heavy metal containing compounds from a fluid stream are also provided. Such methods are particularly useful in the removal of mercury and mercury compounds from flue gas streams produced from the combustion of hydrocarbon-containing materials such as coal and petroleum fuels.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reduction of pollutants in combustion processes using combined rotating opposed fired air (ROFA) and fuel injection sorbents (FSI) for increased chemical reactivity.