Abstract: The present invention refers to a continuous process for the manufacture of methyl mercaptan using Mo—O—K-based catalysts. It is further described that the total selectivity of methylmercaptan can be increased by at least 1% by lowering the total gas hourly space velocity. The invention further refers to a process for the preparation of a solid, preformed catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts for the production of hydrogen using the water gas shift reaction and the carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbon-containing fuels. The catalysts nickel and/or copper on a ceria/zirconia support, where the support is prepared using a surfactant templating method. The invention also includes processes for producing hydrogen, reactors and hydrogen production systems utilizing these catalysts.

Abstract: A process for making a porous catalyst, comprises a) providing an aqueous solution containing a nanoparticle precursor, b) forming a composition containing nanoparticles, c) adding a first catalytic component or precursor thereof and a pore-forming agent to the composition containing nanoparticles and allowing the first catalytic component, the pore-forming agent, and the nanoparticles form an organic-inorganic structure, d) removing water from the organic-inorganic structure; and e) removing the pore-forming agent from the organic-inorganic structure so as to yield a porous catalyst.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, an enhanced NH3 adsorbing automotive exhaust composition including a catalyst composition suitable for use in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and an acidified support composition for enhancing NH3 adsorption capacity of the automotive exhaust composition is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst for acrylonitrile synthesis is disclosed which is composed of particles containing silica and a composite oxide including at least molybdenum. When the Mo/Si atomic ratio in bulk composition of the catalyst is represented by A and the Mo/Si atomic ratio in surface composition of the particles is represented by B, B/A is not more than 0.6.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude feed has a total content of alkali metal, and alkaline-earth metal in metal salts of organic acids of at least 0.00001 grams per gram of crude feed. At least one of the catalysts has a pore size distribution of at least 230 ?. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. The crude product has a total content of alkali metal, and alkaline-earth metal in metal salts of organic acids of at most 90% of the total content of alkali metal, and alkaline-earth metal in metal salts of organic acids of the crude feed. One or more other properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed.

Abstract: A photocatalyst dispersion element includes: a photocatalytic material; a solvent; and an ion additive. The ion additive generates a cation having a smaller ion radius than a tetramethylammonium ion in the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal catalyst containing fine metal particles, characterized in that the fine metal particles have a particle diameter of 3 nm or less and also have a proportion of metallic bond state of 40% or more, which is ascribed by subjecting to waveform separation of a binding energy peak peculiar to the metal as measured by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The fine metal particles are preferably fine platinum particles. The fine metal particles are preferably supported on the surface of carrier particles by reducing ions of metal to be deposited through the action of a reducing agent in a reaction system of a liquid phase containing the carrier particles dispersed therein, thereby to deposit the metal on the surface of carrier particles in the form of fine particles. The proportion of metallic bond state of the fine metal particles is adjusted within the above range by reducing after deposition thereby to decrease the oxidation state.

Abstract: A method of converting at least one first alkane to a mixture of at least one low molecular weight alkane (optionally also including additional lower and/or higher molecular weight alkanes) and at least one high molecular weight alkane, comprises: reacting a first alkane in the presence of dual catalyst system comprising a first catalyst (i.e., a hydrogen transfer catalyst) and a second catalyst (i.e., a metathesis catalyst) to produce a mixture of low and high molecular weight alkanes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst arrangement for purifying the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines operated under lean conditions. It is proposed that a thinwalled, porous carrier be coated on one side with a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst and on the other side with an SCR catalyst. When the exhaust gas is passed through the catalytic coatings and the support material, a significant improvement in the nitrogen oxide conversion is achieved compared to a series arrangement of the catalysts on separate carriers. Wall flow filters have been found to be useful as thin-walled carriers.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A photocatalyst dispersing element includes: a photocatalyst material; and a solvent. A hydrogen-ion exponent of the solvent is in a range of pH 2.1 or more and pH 5.7 or less. A method for manufacturing a photocatalyst dispersing element includes: adjusting a hydrogen-ion exponent in a solvent to be in a range of inhibiting aggregation of a photocatalyst material and of suppressing lowering of a degree of catalytic activity of the photocatalyst material; and mixing the photocatalyst material with the solvent.

Abstract: A process for recovering tungsten from a spent catalyst comprising a supported heteropolytungstic acid characterised in that the process comprises: (a) contacting the spent catalyst with an extractant selected from water, methanol, ethanol or a mixture of any two or more thereof for sufficient time to extract at least part of the heteropolytungstic acid therefrom; (b) separating the extractant containing heteropolytungstic acid from the treated spent catalyst; (c) contacting the extractant containing heteropolytungstic acid with a strong acid ion exchange resin to remove corrosion metals contained therein and (d) recovering the treated extractant containing heteropolytungstic acid for subsequent use.

Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising tungsten, methods of manufacturing nanoparticles comprising tungsten, and applications of nanoparticles comprising tungsten, such as electronics, optical devices, photonics, reagents for fine chemical synthesis, pigments, and catalysts are provided.

Abstract: A visible-light-responsive photocatalyst powder includes a tungsten oxide powder. When the tungsten oxide powder is measured by X-ray diffractometry, (1) among intensity ratios of a peak A (2?=22.8 to 23.4°), a peak B (2?=23.4 to 23.8°), a peak C (2?=24.0 to 24.25°), and a peak D (2?=24.25 to 24.5°), an A/D ratio and a B/D ratio each fall within a range of 0.5 to 2.0, and a C/D ratio falls within a range of 0.04 to 2.5, (2) an intensity ratio (E/F) of a peak E (2?=33.85 to 34.05°) to a peak F (2?=34.05 to 34.25°) falls within a range of 0.1 to 2.0, and (3) an intensity ratio (G/H) of a peak G (2?=49.1 to 49.7°) to a peak H (2?=49.7 to 50.3°) falls within a range of 0.04 to 2.0, and the tungsten oxide powder has a BET specific surface area in a range of 1.5 to 820 m2/g.

Abstract: A visible-light-responsive photocatalyst powder includes a tungsten oxide powder. The tungsten oxide powder has color whose a* is ?5 or less, b* is ?5 or more, and L* is 50 or more when the color of the powder is expressed by an L*a*b* color system. Further, the tungsten oxide powder has a BET specific surface area in a range of 11 to 820 m2/g.

Abstract: A Cr trapping agent is disposed so that it contacts with constituting components of the substrate containing Cr. As the Cr trapping agent, an element or Ag is used, wherein the element is stronger in basicity than alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Since the Cr trapping agent prevents transfer of Cr towards the alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, the reaction between Cr and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals is prevented.

Abstract: Described are catalyst composites containing mechanically fused components, methods of making the catalyst composites, and methods of using the catalyst composites such as in pollution abatement applications. The catalyst composites contain a core and a shell at least substantially covering the core, the shell mechanically fused to the core and comprising particles mechanically fused to each other, wherein a size ratio of the core to particles of the shell is at least about 10:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst having high activity and excellent stability, a process for preparation of the catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly, and a fuel cell. The catalyst of the present invention comprises an electronically conductive support and catalyst fine particles. The catalyst fine particles are supported on the support and are represented by the formula (1): PtuRuxGeyTz (1). In the formula, u, x, y and z mean 30 to 60 atm %, 20 to 50 atm %, 0.5 to 20 atm % and 0.5 to 40 atm %, respectively. When the element represented by T is Al, Si, Ni, W, Mo, V or C, the content of the T-element's atoms connected with oxygen bonds is not more than four times as large as that of the T-element's atoms connected with metal bonds on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) analysis.

Abstract: Catalysts, systems and methods are described to reduce NOx emissions of an internal combustion engine. In one embodiment, an emissions treatment system for an exhaust stream is provided having an SCR catalyst comprising silver tungstate on an alumina support. The emissions treatment system may be used for the treatment of exhaust streams from diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines. An emissions treatment system may further comprise an injection device operative to dispense a hydrocarbon reducing agent upstream of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a supported catalyst (catalyst C) having a support (support S) selected from among oxides, phosphates, silicates, carbides, borides and nitrides of main group elements and elements of transition groups VI and II and mixtures of the abovementioned compounds and an active component (activator A) comprising one or more compounds containing one or more elements of transition groups V, VI and VII customary for the catalysis of metathesis reactions.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidation of unsaturated and/or saturated aldehyde to unsaturated acids is disclosed where the catalyst including at least molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), vanadium (V), bismuth (Bi), and a first component selected from the group consisting of potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), thallium (Tl), or mixtures or combinations thereof, where the catalyst has at least 57% medium pores and a nitric acid to molybdenum mole ratio of at least 0.5:1 or at least 6.0:1 moles of HNO3 per mole of Mo12. Methods for making and using such catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst having dual functionality for the removal of arsenic and the selective hydrogenation of diolefins from monoolefin-containing hydrocarbon streams that have an arsenic concentration and a diolefin concentration, and processes for making and using such catalyst. The catalyst is a heat treated shaped mixture of a refractory oxide and a Group VIII metal that is overlaid with additional Group VIII metal.

Abstract: Catalysts, methods, and systems for treating diesel engine exhaust streams are described. In one or more embodiments, the catalyst comprises platinum, a second metal from one of the groups VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, or IIB of the periodic table, a refractory metal oxide, and a zeolite, the oxidation catalyst already being effective to remove ammonia at temperatures less than about 300° C. and exhibiting no significant decrease in ammonia oxidation efficiency upon hydrothermal aging. A method aspect includes first passing a vehicle's engine exhaust stream through a NOx abatement catalyst; and passing the exhaust stream exiting the NOx abatement catalyst and containing ammonia through the ammonia oxidation catalyst. Systems including such catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: A method of producing a porous composite metal oxide comprising the steps of: dispersing first metal oxide powder, which is an aggregate of primary particles each with a diameter of not larger than 50 nm, in a dispersion medium by use of microbeads each with a diameter of not larger than 150 ?m, thus obtaining first metal oxide particles, which are 1 nm to 50 nm in average particle diameter, and not less than 80% by mass of which are not larger than 75 nm in diameter; dispersing and mixing up, in a dispersion medium, the first metal oxide particles and second metal oxide powder, which is an aggregate of primary particles each with a diameter of not larger than 50 nm, and which is not larger than 200 nm in average particle diameter, thus obtaining a homogeneously-dispersed solution in which the first metal oxide particles and second metal oxide particles are homogeneously dispersed; and drying the homogeneously-dispersed solution, thus obtaining a porous composite metal oxide.

Abstract: A method for producing a tungsten trioxide powder for a photocatalyst according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a sublimation step for obtaining a tungsten trioxide powder by subliming a tungsten metal powder or a tungsten compound powder by using inductively coupled plasma process in an oxygen atmosphere, and a heat treatment step for heat-treating the tungsten trioxide powder obtained in the sublimation step at 300° C. to 1000° C. for 10 minutes to 2 hours in an oxidizing atmosphere. A tungsten trioxide powder which is obtained by the method for producing a tungsten trioxide powder for a photocatalyst according to the present invention has excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst, suitable for the production of low sulfur diesel fuels, said bulk metal hydrotreating catalyst being in the oxide state and having a composition of MoxCoyNbz, excluding the oxygen, wherein x, y, and z represent about 0.1 to about 2 moles of Mo, about 0.5 to about 2 moles of Co, and about 0.1 to about 2 moles Nb and wherein Nb is present in amounts from about 2 to about 45 wt. %, Mo is present in amounts from about 1 to about 50 wt. %, and Co is present in amounts from about 10 to about 45 wt. %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the catalytic decomposition of N2O in a gas containing N2O in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a zeolite that has been loaded with a first metal selected from the group of noble metals consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, and with a second metal selected from the group of transition metals consisting of chromium, manganese, iron cobalt, nickel and copper, and wherein the loading of the zeolite with metals has been obtained by first loading the zeolite with the noble metal and then with the transition metal, as well as a catalyst for this method and a method for the preparation of this catalyst.

Abstract: Transition metal nanostructures coated with a contiguous, conformal submonolayer-to-multilayer noble metal film and their method of manufacture are described. The manufacturing process involves the initial formation of suitably sized transition metal or alloy nanostructures which may be nanorods, nanobars, or nanowires. A monolayer of a non-noble metal is deposited onto the surface of the nanostructures by underpotential deposition. This is followed by the galvanic displacement of the non-noble metal by a second metal to yield a conformal coating of a monolayer of the second metal on the surface of the nanostructures. The replacement of atoms of the first metal by atoms of the second metal is an irreversible and spontaneous redox reaction which involves the replacement of a non noble metal by a more noble metal. The process can be controlled and repeated to obtain the desired film coverage.

Abstract: A process for producing various organic carbonates by performing transesterification and disproportionation reactions in dual vapor/liquid phase mode preferably in the presence of solid catalyst composition selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, oxyhydroxides or alkoxides of two to four elements from Group IV, V and VI of the Periodic Table supported on porous material which has surface hydroxyl groups and the method of reactivating catalyst deactivated by polymer deposition by contacting the deactivated catalyst with a solution of hydroxy containing compound in a solvent such as benzene or THF.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of NOx emissions generated during catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, (iv) palladium and (v) a noble metal component, preferably platinum, rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced content of NOx in an effluent off gas of a full or complete combustion FCC regenerator are accomplished while simultaneously promoting the combustion of CO.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a catalyst for partial oxidation of methylbenzenes, comprising, (a) a step of preparing a solution or slurry of the compounds comprising tungsten; (b) a step of supporting the solution or slurry obtained in the step (a) on inorganic carrier; (c) a step of drying the catalyst obtained in the step (b); and (d) a step of calcining the dried catalyst obtained in the step (c), characterized in that the ratio of the pore volume of inorganic carrier and the volume of the solution or slurry in the step (b) is 1:0.9˜1.1, and the catalyst provides superior aromatic aldehydes selectivity to those prepared by the conventional impregnation or heat evaporation method over a wide range of conversion rate.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing low sulfur diesel by hydrotreatment of suitable feed in the presence of a bulk metal catalyst. The feed is exposed under effective hydrotreating conditions to a catalyst including at least one Group VI metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and Niobium. Treatment of the feed results in production of a liquid diesel product, which is separated from a gas phase product that is also produced during the hydrotreatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the synthesis of methyl mercaptan from hydrogen sulfide and methanol and to a process for preparing methyl mercaptans. The catalyst comprises active aluminum oxide on which an alkali metal tungstate and ammonium salts have been deposited.

Abstract: A method of preparing carbon-loaded, gold-based nanoparticle catalysts useful as anode catalysts for the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as well as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). AumPtnM100-m-n catalysts may be prepared by either a two-phase protocol or by a thermal decomposition/reduction protocol. The prepared nanoparticles having different bimetallic ratios are assembled on carbon black support materials and activated by thermal treatment. This approach provides good control of nanoparticle size, composition and/or surface properties. Electrocatalytic MOR activities of the prepared and activated AuPt nanoparticle provided in accordance with the methods of the invention are present in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes.

Abstract: The invention provides an activated carbon supported cobalt based catalyst for directly converting of synthesis gas to mixed linear alpha-alcohols and paraffins, comprising cobalt, an activated carbon carrier, a metal promoter which is at least one selected from the group consisting of a zirconium component, a lanthanum component, a cerium component, a chromium component, a vanadium component, a titanium component, a manganese component, a rhenium component, a potassium component, a ruthenium component, a magnesium component and a mixture thereof, wherein the cobalt and the promoter are deposited on the activated carbon carrier or substantially uniformly dispersed therein, and the metal promoter is present in the form of a metal, an oxide or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Techniques for forming metal catalyst particles on a metal tip, and nanostructures on a metal tip are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks carried out in a slurry reactor in the presence of hydrogen and in the presence of a catalytic composition obtained by: injecting a catalytic precursor of at least one metal of Group VIB and/or Group VIII in at least part of the feedstock to be treated in the absence of an oxide substrate, thermal treatment at a temperature of 400° C.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst containing given atoms in a given atomic proportion for use in producing methacrylic acid through gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a solution or slurry containing at least molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium (liquid I); (ii) preparing a solution or slurry containing ammonium radical (liquid II); (iii) preparing a mixture of the liquid I and the liquid II by introducing one liquid (liquid PR) of the liquid I and the liquid II into a tank (tank A) and pouring the other liquid (liquid LA) on a continuous region in the surface of the liquid PR, the continuous region occupying 0.01 to 10% of the whole area of the surface of the liquid PR; and (iv) drying and calcining the resultant solution or slurry containing a catalyst precursor comprising all the catalyst constituents.

Abstract: In a process for producing an SCR catalyst for the selective reduction of NOx in NOx-containing exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, a support layer is applied to a substrate body. An iron salt dissolved in a liquid is applied to the support layer in such an amount that no excess of iron salt is present.

Abstract: Briefly described, compositions, materials including the compositions, methods of using the compositions, and methods of degrading contaminants, are described herein. The composition can include a polyoxometalate/ cationic silica material. In addition, the compositions can be made of a polyoxometalate/cationic silica material, a copper (II) salt having a weakly bound anion, and a nitrate salts. Further, the compositions can be made of a polyoxometalate/cationic silica material, a copper (II) salt having a weakly bound anion, a compound selected from tetraethylammonium (TEA) nitrate, tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) nitrate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for upgrading hydrocarbonaceous feedstreams by hydroprocessing using bulk bimetallic catalysts. More particularly, the invention relates to a catalytic hydrotreating process for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen from a hydrocarbon feed such as a fuel or a lubricating oil feed. The catalyst is a bulk catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a Group VIB metal.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a highly active catalyst for producing an unsaturated oxygen-containing compound from an alkane and the catalyst comprising Mo, V, Ti and Sb or Te as the indispensable active components. The preferable catalyst is represented by formula (1) or (2) as shown below, Mo1.0VaTibXcYdOe??(1) Mo1.0VaTibXcYdZfOe??(2) wherein X represents Sb or Te; Y represents Nb, W or Zr; Z represents Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca or Sr; a, b, c, d, e and f represent atomic ratios of their respective elements, with 0<a<0.7, 0<b<0.3, 0<c<0.7, 0?d<0.3, 0<f<0.1; e is a number determined by oxidation states of the other elements than oxygen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst, which process comprises the steps of: i) mixing an alumina precursor with combustible carbon-containing fibers with a diameter in the range of from 0.5 to 5 ?m and a length of no greater than 100 ?m in an amount in the range of from 20 to 40 wt % based on the total dry mixture; ii) adding nitric acid and water to form an extrudable mass; iii) extruding the mixture to form shaped particles; iv) drying the shaped particles; v) heating the particles in an atmosphere comprising no more than 5 vol % oxygen at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 600° C.; and vi) then heating the particles in a gas mixture comprising at least 12 vol % oxygen at a temperature in the range of from 450 to 600° C.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: Catalysts are formulated to resemble a direct ammonia/air fuel cell at short circuit at the nanoscale level to convert ammonia in aqueous solution directly and spontaneously to nitrogen at near or above ambient temperature. The catalyst particle contains a type-A catalyst subparticles for ammonia oxidation to nitrogen, and a type-C catalyst subparticles for oxygen reduction, with the type-A and type-C catalyst subparticles electrically shorted. Advantages realized at the nanoscale level are enhanced conductances for electrons and hydroxyl anions between the neighboring type-A and type-C catalyst subparticles. With the catalysts packed and confined in a catalyst bed in a chemical reactor, the direct conversion of ammonia in an aqueous phase to nitrogen can be carried out continuously for ammonia removal from a water stream in a compact package, and without the high cost arising from constructing and maintaining a bulk electrochemical device, and without the step of exacting the ammonia into gas phase.

Abstract: A composite oxide catalyst for the oxidation of an olefin containing Mo and Bi as essential components, characterized in that it has a specific surface area of 5 to 25 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.2 to 0.7 cc/g, and has a pore diameter distribution wherein the volume of the pores having a pore diameter of 0.03 to 0.1 ?m accounts for 30% or more of the total pore volume, the volume of the pores having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 1 ?m accounts for 20% or more of the total pore volume, and the volume of the pores having a pore diameter of less than 0.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to high activity titanium oxide DeNOx catalysts. In preferred embodinents, by depositing vanadium oxide on a titania supported metal oxide such as tungsten oxide, an improved catalyst may be generated. This catalyst may be used in the treatment of exhaust from sources such as automobiles and industrial plants.

Abstract: In a method of producing a catalyst for the production of methacrylic acid, which has a composition of the following formula (1), when mixing 100 parts by mass of a solution or a slurry (liquid A) containing molybdenum atoms, phosphorous atoms and vanadium atoms in which the content of ammonium species is 0 to 1.5 mol relative to 12 mol of the molybdenum atoms, 5 to 300 parts by mass of a solution or a slurry (liquid B) containing 6 to 17 mol of ammonium species relative to 12 mol of the molybdenum atoms contained in the liquid A and a solution or a slurry (liquid C) containing an element Z such as cesium, the liquid B is mixed with the liquid A, the liquid C or a mixture of the liquid A and the liquid C over 0.1 to 15 minutes PaMobVcCudXeYfZgOh??(1).

Abstract: An improved dehydrogenation catalyst bed system for olefin production utilizing classical processing techniques is disclosed.