Abstract: Provided herein are subcombinations from which polyurethane foams and polyurethane foams containing polyisocyanurates may be prepared. The subcombinations are unique in that they contain components which synergistically act towards promoting compatibility between a blowing agent and the remaining components of the formulation. Through the use of the teachings herein, blowing agent concentrations in excess of 25% by weight of the total subcombination may be incorporated.

Abstract: Polymer foam compositions comprise polymer foam and chemically modified carbonaceous filler, specifically, carbonaceous filler having polymer moieties chemically bonded to the carbonaceous particulates. Exemplary carbonaceous fillers include carbon black, activated carbon, graphite, carbon fibers, fibrils and the like. The polymer moieties have a valence orbital bond to the carbonaceous particulate, such as an ionic or covalent bond. The chemical bond survives shear forces and the like, such as would be encountered by filler material in a reaction injection molding process for the manufacture of filled polyurethane foam insulation panels.

Abstract: A method for making an energy-absorbing foam with polyurethane fillers that produces an energy-absorbing foam with properties that are comparable to a foam made without fillers.

Abstract: Thus, there is provided according to the present invention polyol compositions comprising (A) a polytetramethylene ether glycol, and (B) a trifunctional active hydrogen compound-initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having a degree of unsaturation of not greater than 0.04 milliequivalents per gram of said polyether polyol.

Abstract: A method for making flexible polyurethane foam in which a polyisocyanate is reacted with a polyol in the presence of a urethane catalyst, a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant cell stabilizer, and a cell opening additive. The cell opening additive comprises an active methylene or methine compound which also contains a tertiary amine. Preferred cell opening additives are 2-cyano-N-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]acetamide and (NC)CH2C(O)OCH2CH2N(CH3)CH2CH2OCH2CH2N(CH3)2.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams are prepared from an isocyanate composition containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate, three ring oligomers of polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate and higher homologues of polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Rigid isocyanurate-modified polyurethane foams of index 180 to 380 made from a combination of aliphatic and aromatic polyester polyols.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyurethane flexible molded by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a cell opener, and a silicone surfactant cell stabilizer having the formula: Me3Si(OSiMe2)x(OSiMeG)yOSiMe3 wherein x has an average value from 1 to 4.5 and y has an average value from 0.75 to 7.5, the value of x/y is from 0.25 to 5 and the value of x+y is from greater than 5 to 9, G is a group having the formula —D(OR″)mA where D is a divalent organic linking radical, R″ is an alkylene group, m has an average value from 1 to 5, and A denotes an —OR′″ or an —OOCR′″ group, where R′″ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and a combination of methyl and ethyl.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a polymeric foam, wherein foam components are brought together under pressure and are passed through a permeable discharge head where the pressure is reduced. The permeable discharge head comprises a diffuser element having a structure such as to require division, divergence and convergence of flow paths in three dimensions within its axial thickness, considered in the direction of flow therethrough. The diffuser element comprises plural individual woven wire meshes sintered together to form a composite element. The invention also provides the diffuser element.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyurethane flexible foam which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a cell opener, and a polydimethylsiloxane cell stabilizer composition which comprises at least 90 wt % of polydimethylsiloxane molecules having the formula: Me3Si(OSiMe2)nOSiMe3 where n is 5 to 7, provided at least 15 wt % of each of the three molecules in which n is 5, 6 and 7 is present.

Abstract: Urethane molded products for polishing pad comprise two types of cells having different sizes in a urethane molded products formed by mixing and curing an isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer and an active hydrogen-containing compound. The molded products may be made by procedure comprising mixing expanded microballoons having a size of 10 to 50 &mgr;m and expanded microballoons having a size of 80 to 100 &mgr;m with the prepolymer and active hydrogen-containing compound and curing the mixture.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyurethane flexible molded by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a cell opener, and a silicone surfactant cell stabilizer having the formula: Me3Si(OSiMe2)x(OSiMeG)yOSiMe3 wherein G is a group having the formula —D(OR″)mA where D is a divalent organic linking radical, R″ is an alkylene group, m has an average value from 1 to 5, A denotes an —OR′″ or an —OOCR′″ group, where R′″ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and a combination of methyl and ethyl, x has an average value from 1 to 3 and y has an average value from 0.25 to 1, the value of x/y is from 2.5 to 5 and the value of x+y is from 1.5 to 3.5.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing flexible to semi-rigid polyurethane moulded items with compacted edge zones with given hardness and a much more flexible cellular core, so-called integral foams, in which physical blowing agents from the set comprising C6 hydrocarbons are used.

Abstract: In order to provide an open-celled rigid polyurethane foam, which realizes a low material cost per unit volume of the foam and excellent surface smoothness because of its unique structure, and a thermal insulation material comprising the foam, an open-celled rigid polyurethane foam which has an open cell content of not less than 99% in a state that a skin layer is left on the foam is produced by foam molding, preferably multiple-stage compression molding, of foaming components containing a polyol component and an isocyanate component with an equivalent ratio of NCO/OH of about 0.55-0.95, and a blowing agent, preferably water, and a thermal insulation material is produced from the foam preferably subjected to a baking treatment by means of far-infrared ray exposure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactive catalyst composition for making a water blown flexible polyurethane foam. The catalyst composition comprises a tertiary amino alkyl urea and/or bis(tertiary amino alkyl) urea in combination with either a gelling catalyst or blowing catalyst. The use of such catalyst composition improves the physical properties of the polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus combinations and methods for producing a powder coating are provided wherein a stream of a powder coating precursor including at least one resin and at least one additional powder coating ingredient is contacted with a process fluid effective to reduce the viscosity of the powder coating precursor to allow processing of the powder coating precursor at a lower temperature.

Abstract: A lightweight shock absorber has an ideal F-S waveform, and is formed of a foam resin material. The cross-sectional area of the absorber in the compression axis direction and the vertical direction changes at least partially in the compression axis direction, and consequently the relation between distortion and compressive stress in the compression axis direction (F-S waveform) is approximately linear.

Abstract: A rigid foamed polyurethane molding which reduce dust-scattering in cutting and is useful to a modeling stock. Said molding is produced by curing a composition by a mechanical frothing method, said composition comprising: a polyol with a filler (c); and a slight amount of dehydrating agent (d); wherein said composition further contains 3 to 30 percent, based on the total weight of the composition, of a (poly) oxyalkylene compound (e) expressed by the general formula Z[(AO)mX]n in which “A” represents an alkylene group with two to four carbon atoms; “X” is a hydrocarbyl group or an acyl group; “m” is a value of one to one hundred; “n” is an integer of one to six; and “Z” is a residue produced by removing the active hydrogen atoms from a compound containing n active hydrogen atoms, in which at least one of Z and n X's has 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: It has been found that non-chlorinated pentafluoropropane blowing agents may be used alone or in combination with water in flexible integral skin foams. For example, foams prepared from a resin blend incorporating 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFA-245fa) alone or in combination with water exhibit physical characteristics such as resistance to abrasion and cracking on flex comparable to conventional chlorinated fluorocarbon blown foams. Such foams made using the resin blend of the present invention are suitable for use in many applications including, for example, shoe soles.

Abstract: The use of a tin salt together with a salt of a protic acid having at least 2 acidic hydrogen atoms and a pKa in water of 2-10 in preparing water-blown polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Low resilience urethane foam having excellent low resilience at room temperature and having capability of suppressing increase of hardness even at low temperature. The low resilience urethane foam, produced by reaction of urethane foam compositions comprising polyol (a), polyisocyanate (b), catalyst (c) and blowing agent (d), has at least one glass transition point in each of a temperature range of −70° C. to −20°C. and a temperature range of 0° C. to 60° C. Where the glass transition point is expressed as a tan &dgr; peak obtained when measurement on dynamic viscoelasticity of the low resilience urethane foam is carried out at a frequency of 10 herz, at least one of the tan &dgr; peak(s) at the temperature range of −70° C. to −20° C. is 0.15 or more and at least one of the tan &dgr; peak(s) at the temperature range of 0° C. to 60° C. is 0.3 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactive catalyst composition for making a water blown flexible polyurethane foam. The catalyst composition comprises a tertiary amino alkyl urea and/or bis(tertiary amino alkyl) urea in combination with either a tertiary amine gelling catalyst or a tertiary amine blowing catalyst. The use of such catalyst composition improves the physical properties of the polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Process for preparing a flexible polyurethane foam by reacting a polyisocyanate and two different polyols under foam forming conditions so as to prepare a rigid foam, by crushing the rigid foam so obtained and by subjecting the flexible foam so obtained to a heat treatment. Flexible foams are obtained which do not show a major glass transition temperature between −100° C. and +25° C.

Abstract: A conductive quasi-solution useful for making a homogeneously conductive single-phase polyurethane, comprising a transition metal salt, a carrier solution, and a dispersing agent, wherein said conductive quasi-solution has a transition metal salt concentration between 10 and 30% by weight, and methods of making thermoset and thermoplastic polyurethane polymers therewith.

Abstract: Polyether and polyester poloyols and polyurethane foams are stabilized by including therein stabilizers selected from (1) diphenylaminomethylbenzotriazole substituted by alkyl or phenylalkyl groups or (2) synergistic compositions consisting of (a) benzotriazole or alkylbenzotriazole and (b) secondary aromatic amine substituted by alkyl or phenylalkyl groups wherein the benzotriazole and amine is present in critical ratios. Furthermore, a method is disclosed for preparation of polyurethane foams from polyols and polyisocyanate that have reduced discoloration due to scorch by adding diphenylamino methylbenzotriazole or compositions of benzotriazole and secondary aromatic amine as scorch inhibitors to the polyol, foaming the polyol and curing.

Abstract: An improved cellular plastic material comprises a urethane foam that is the reaction product of soy oil, an isocyanate, and a cross linker. The soy oil replaces the polyol typically generally required in the production of urethanes. Because the replaced polyol is a petrochemical, use of a renewable and environmentally friendly material such as soy oil is most advantageous. Further, plastic materials of many final qualities may be formed using a single vegetable oil. In addition to cellular foams, solid plastic elastomers may be formed.

Abstract: In a process for producing self-releasing, compact or cellular moldings which comprise polyisocyanate polyaddition products and may contain reinforcing material by reacting a) organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanates with b) at least one compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms and having a molecular weight of from 62 to 10,000 and, if desired, c) chain extenders and/or crosslinkers in the presence of d) internal mold release agents and in the presence of or absence of e) catalysts, f) blowing agents, g) reinforcing materials and h) auxiliaries in an open or closed mold, the internal mold release agents (d) used are diesters and/or monoesters of alkylsuccinic acids and/or diesters and/or monoesters of alkenylsuccinic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of hollow microspheres filled with a hydrocarbon, to introduce uniform cell geometries in syntactic foams having a bimodal cell structure. The rigid foam product includes from 20 to 80 percent by weight of the hollow microspheres, the microspheres having average diameters ranging from 80 to 200 microns. The microspheres are encapsulated from 80 to 20 percent by weight of a closed cell polyurethane foam, the cells of the foam having average diameters from 0.01 to 60 microns.

Abstract: The use of 3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-propionamide (Formula I) and 3,3'-{[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]imino}bis-propanamide (Formula II) as catalysts in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Process for preparing a rigid and a flexible polyurethane foam by reacting a polyisocyanate and two different polyols under foam forming conditions, the polyisocyanate being reacted with said polyols in the absence of compounds comprising primary, secondary or tertiary amines. Flexible foams are obtained which do not show a major glass transition temperature between -100.degree. C. and +25.degree. C.

Abstract: A process and a device are described for the continuous production of block foam by the foaming of a mixture which reacts to form polyurethane and which contains carbon dioxide dissolved under pressure, wherein the pressure of the reactive mixture is reduced on passing through a pressure reduction zone in the form of an aperture, and blockage of the aperture is prevented by the relative movement of the aperture-delimiting faces with respect to each other.

Abstract: Isocyanates or isocyanate mixtures which are substantially free of color-imparting components are made by treating the isocyanate with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at a pressure of from about 3 to about 150 bar, a temperature of from about 100 to about 180.degree. C. for from about 15 minutes to about 4 hours. These isocyanates are particularly useful for the preparation of light-colored polyurethane rigid foams.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of a polyurethane backing and air frothed foam on a substrate comprising the steps of a) mixing a polyisocyanate and a polyol blend in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction mixture, b) applying the reaction mixture to a substrate, and c) curing the reaction mixture to form a polyurethane backing an/or an air frothed foam on the substrate. Suitable catalyst compositions for the present invention include those corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein: each R: independently represents a linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.24 (preferably from 5 to 16 carbon atoms and most preferably from 8 to 12 carbon atoms) alkyl group, or a cyclic group containing from 4 to 24 carbon atoms (preferably from 5 to 16 carbon atoms and most preferably from 8 to 12 carbon atoms).

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an insulation board comprising a rigid polyisocyanurate foam core having two major surfaces and a facing material on at least one of the major surfaces, comprising (a) conveying a facing material along a production line for attachment to one major surface of the core; (b) applying a foam-forming mixture of polyisocyanurate to the facing material such that the mixture is applied along the entire width of the facing material; (c) optionally conveying a second facing material along the production line for attachment to the other major surface of the core; (d) conveying the facing material with applied foam-forming mixture into a laminator which comprises a gap for foam expansion and allowing the mixture to foam and expand to fill the gap within the laminator; and (e) curing the foam. The process provides excellent boardstock thickness control, minimal wasted densification at the foam/facer interface, greater compressive strength and high line speed.

Abstract: A method for preparing a flexible polyurethane foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant, and a cell opener characterized in that the cell opener comprises an active methylene- or methine-group containing compound.

Abstract: Nonflammable foam blowing agent blends of 142b or 124 are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositions containing such blends.

Abstract: A process is described for the continuous production of polyurethane block foam using carbon dioxide which is physically dissolved under pressure as a foaming agent, wherein before the polyol and isocyanate components are mixed the carbon dioxide is dissolved in the polyol component and air or nitrogen is dissolved in the isocyanate component, both components are fed to a mixing chamber in which a pressure prevails which is 70 to 150% of the solution pressure of the CO.sub.2 in the polyol component, the isocyanate component is fed to the mixing chamber at a pressure of at least 30 bar and is injected therein with depressurization down to the mixing chamber pressure, wherein air or nitrogen in an amount of at least 1 g per kg CO.sub.2 is dissolved in the isocyanate component, and after emerging from the mixing chamber the mixture is depressurization to atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for producing an organosilicon resin is disclosed. The process includes the steps of equilibrating a mixture of silane compounds of Si(OR.sup.3).sub.4 wherein R.sup.3 's are a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 Si(OR.sup.4).sub.3 wherein R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sup.4 's are a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and R.sup.1.sub.3 SiX wherein X is an --OH group, an --OSiR.sup.1.sub.3 group or a hydrolyzable group, and R.sup.1 's are a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; adding water to the product of the equilibration reaction to carry out hydrolysis reaction; and adding an aqueous alkali to the product of the hydrolysis reaction to carry out condensation reaction. The organosilicon resin obtained is well dispersible in a resin premix containing a polyol, a blowing agent, a catalyst and a foam stabilizer, and also is highly hydrophobic and low reactive.

Abstract: An improved closed cell polymer foam and foaming agent involving the use of a hydrogen-containing halocarbon blowing agent (e.g., HCFC-22) in combination with an effective amount of a hydrogen bond forming blocking agent (e.g., organic ether, ester or ketone). The presence of the blocking agent is shown to significantly reduce the escape of blowing agent from and entry of air into the foam resulting in low thermal conductivity over a longer period of time and improved thermal insulation value. The present invention further relates to compositions comprising a blowing agent and an active hydrogen-containing compound, commonly referred to in the art as B-side compositions or blends, and using such compositions for producing polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams in which the blowing agent comprises a major proportion of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134).

Abstract: A polymer dispersed polyol having a vinyl polymer dispersed in polyol, the vinyl polymer comprising containing 5 to 80 wt % of acrylamide compound (A) represented by the formula (1):CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (1)wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 0 to 70 wt % of one or more monomer (B) selected from acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, and 0 to 95 wt % of a vinyl monomer (C) which can copolymerize with (A) and (B), and 95 to 20 wt % of the total amount of (B) and (C); and when (C) is 0 wt %, (A) is the polymer of a vinyl monomer mixture containing an acrylamide derivative represented by the formula (2):CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.4 CONR.sup.5 R.sup.6 (2)wherein R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: A polyurethane catalyst composition comprises N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl) urea and 3-dimethylaminopropyl urea in a ratio that can be varied to systematically control flowability, % open cell content and k-factor value for rigid polyurethane foam to enhance processibility. Increasing the N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl) urea to 3-dimethylaminopropyl urea ratio decreases the open cell content and k-factor value of the foam whereas decreasing the N,'N-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl) urea to 3-dimethylaminopropyl urea ratio improves the flowability of the foaming composition.

Abstract: A polyurethane composition to provide a rigid polyurethane foam suitable for use as a core material in a composite laminate and which polyurethane composition includes an additive compound or oligomer-prepolymer having hydroxy groups for reaction with the diisocyanate of the polyurethane or which has been prereacted with a diisocyanate and which contains after the polyurethane reaction ethylenically unsaturated groups, like allyl or acrylic groups, to react with an unsaturated polyester resin. The invention includes the organic additive oligomer-prepolymer and the hybrid polyester-rigid polyurethane laminates.

Abstract: A conductive quasi-solution useful for making a homogeneously conductive single-phase polyurethane, comprising a transition metal salt, a carrier solution, and a dispersing agent, wherein said conductive quasi-solution has a transition metal salt concentration between 10 and 30% by weight, and methods of making thermoset and thermoplastic polyurethane polymers therewith.

Abstract: The use of a tin salt together with a salt of a protic acid having at least 2 acidic hydrogen atoms and a pK.sub.a in water of 2-10 in preparing water-blown polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A homogeneous, demixing-stable polyol component comprising at least two relatively high molecular weight compounds containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms and, if desired, low molecular weight chain extenders and/or crosslinkers and also, if desired, blowing agents, catalysts and further auxiliaries and/or additives is prepared by adding at least one amine and at least one organic and/or modified organic isocyanate to this component.This polyol component is useful for producing polyurethanes, in particular compact and foamed polyurethanes.

Abstract: A resin foamed product is formed of a resin, and closed cells dispersed in the resin. The resin with the closed cells therein has a shape-recoverable property at an ambient temperature, a closed cell rate higher than 30% and a compression permanent set lower than 10%. Thus, when contraction takes place in the resin with the closed cells, after a predetermined time has passed without providing an outer stimulation to the resin, a shape of the resin foamed product formed of the resin with the closed cells is automatically recovered at least in one direction without equally expanding in all directions.

Abstract: In a process for producing rigid polyurethane foams by reactinga) polyisocyanatesb) compounds containing at least two hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with isocyanate groups, in the presence ofc) catalysts,d) blowing agents and, if desired,e) further auxiliaries and/or additives,the component b) comprises at least one recycled polyol which is formed by glycolysis of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Paint sludge is mixed with a polyether or polyester polyol. Optionally, lignin in the range of 0.25 to 70% by weight may be mixed with polyol. The paint sludge-polyol mixture is mixed with an isocyanate for curing the material into a mass. Alternatively, the lignin-polyol-paint sludge mixture is mixed with an isocyanate for curing the material into a mass. The lignin improves the flame resistance and moisture resistance of the mass. A catalyst may be added to the mixture to improve the rate of reaction.

Abstract: Mixtures containing 50 to 99% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 1 to 50% by weight of at least one fluorohydrocarbon selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. The mixtures are extremely well suited for use as foaming gases for a blowing agent to produce foamed plastic materials, particularly polyurethane foams. The mixtures are not combustible and exhibit improved insulating properties, particularly when used at low temperatures.

Abstract: A thermosetting foam, preferably polyisocyanurate or polyurethane foam, is prepared in an extruder which permits the incorporation of high levels of filler particles. The method includes introducing polyol, isocyanate and filler particles to an extruder screw for mixing. In conjunction with extruding, a catalyst is added. The catalyst may be added either in a last extruder barrel or with the extruder head. Foam with filler particle content in excess of 12% made be readily made. Filler particles, such as aluminum trihydrate, perlite, carbon black, diatomaceous earth, polyiso powders, ammonium phosphate, fly ash, barium sulfate, calcium silicate, and calcium carbonate, may be used. The process described is preferably used for making foam boards or bunstock.