Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of rigid foams, having urethane and/or isocyanurate groups and being extensively open celled, by reacting polyisocyanates with compounds having at least two groups capable of reacting with isocyanates and the equivalent weight per reactive group of which is about 9 to 800, in the presence of catalysts, surface active substances, as well as, optionally, physical blowing agents, flame retardants and other known auxiliary materials and finishing agents, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of liquid, higher molecular weight, unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are free of groups capable of reacting with isocyanates, in amounts of 0.01 to 3.0% by weight, based on the reaction formulation. Particularly preferred hydrocarbons are polybutadiene and polyoctenylene with an average molecular weight of 800 to 10,000 g/mole. The rigid foams, because of their open cell nature, exhibit high dimensional stability.

Abstract: Azeotropic compositions made up of (a) from about 73 to about 88% by weight perfluorohexane and (b) one compound selected from (1) about 14 to about 27% by weight 2-methyl pentane or (2) about 13 to about 25% by weight 3-methyl pentane or (3) about 12 to about 23% by weight, provided that the sum of the weight percent (a) plus weight percent (b) is 100 percent are suitable blowing agents for the production of foams.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of re-bonded foam products is disclosed. The process comprises mixing a liquid comprising polyol with a liquid comprising polyisocyanate in the presence of small pieces of foam, consolidating the mixture, and causing the polyol and polyisocyanate to react and bond the coated pieces together.

Abstract: A flexible open-cell polyurethane is described that is the reaction product of a mixture comprising(a) a polyisocyanate component comprising monomeric or polymeric MDI, and(b) a polyol component having at least 50% of its 0H functional groups as secondary OH groups.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an underlayment composition for an artificial playing surface comprised of a butadiene rubber, such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene that is commercially available as recycled polycord tires that have been granulized. An inorganic-base moisture-retaining agent such as vermiculite or perlite is also included in the composition in addition to a binder comprised of a mixture of isocyanate polyurethane and an inorganic acid. The present invention also provides a method of making the present composition. The method comprises the steps of mixing thoroughly granulized particles of butadiene rubber in a mixing container, mixing an inorganic-based moisture-retaining component with the butadiene rubber, mixing an acid having a pH .ltoreq.3 with the butadiene rubber and the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component, and mixing an isocyanate polyurethane with the butadiene rubber, the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component and the acid.

Abstract: Process for recycling flexible foams by glycolysis and extraction. The glycolysis is conducted by allowing the foam to react with low molecular weight polyols, then allowing the mixture to separate in two phases.

Abstract: High quality, consistent polyurethane froth foams, both filled and unfilled, are prepared by directing polyol, isocyanate, and optionally other polyurethane-forming ingredients to a high pressure mix head prior to introducing the mixture to a froth foaming head. Changes in stoichiometry may be made rapidly without shut-down. An in-line blender incorporated filler into the polyol stream minimizing density differentials normally encountered in the holding tank, maintaining low and reproducible viscosity, and allowing for greater amounts of filler than otherwise possible.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams are prepared by the reaction of1) polyisocyanates with2) compounds of a molecular weight of from 150 to 1500, having at least two hydrogen atoms active towards isocyanates and which one tertiary nitrogen atom in the molecule, in the presence of3) hydrofluoroalkanes as foaming agents as well as optionally in the presence of4) other auxiliary substances and additives known per se.

Abstract: A blowing agent for use in preparing a polyisocyanate-based foam which comprises a major portion of HCFC-123, a minor portion of HCFC-141b, and hexane and/or octane.

Abstract: Polyurethane, polyisocyanurate and polyurea polymers, particularly foamed polymers can be prepared from formulations including non-silicone polyether surfactants. The non-silicone polyether surfactants can be polyethers having from about 10 to about 90 weight percent oxyethylene units and from about 10 to about 90 weight percent oxyalkylene units having at least 4 carbons. The non-silicone polyether surfactants can be used to prepare foams having properties substantially similar to foams prepared with conventional silicone based surfactants.

Abstract: A foamed plastic manufactured by foaming a mixture of a resin and a volatile polymerizable foaming agent, wherein the pressure in the foams of the foamed plastic is less than atmospheric pressure, is disclosed. Further, a foamed plastic manufactured by hermetically sealing with an airtight film and foaming a mixture of a resin and a volatile polymerizable foaming agent, wherein the pressure in a gap region between the airtight film and the foamed plastic and the pressure in the foams of the foamed plastic are less than atmospheric pressure is disclosed. Further, a method of manufacturing foamed plastic comprising foaming a mixture of a volatile polymerizable foaming agent and a resin, and irradiating the foamed plastic with an energy beam.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for the production of frothed polyurethane foams: the reactive polyurethane components are mixed with a liquid low-boiling blowing agent and a nucleation gas by a mechanical mixer under pressure controlled conditions in a mixing chamber to keep the blowing agent in the liquid state and cause a fine dispersion of the nucleation gas. The reactive polyurethane components, the blowing agent and the nucleation gas are mixed by reverse flowing the mixture in respect to centrifugal forces generated by a rotor member in the mixing chamber, and by subjecting the same mixture to repeated stirring and whirling actions while it is flowing towards a central discharge outlet and circulating in a radially extending annular path, between facing surfaces of the rotor member and a bottom wall of a mixing chamber provided with intermeshing sets of axially extending pegs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compatibilized carbon black useful in melt processing of plastic material. The carbon black is coated with a compatibilizing agent which enhances the dispersibility of the carbon black in a melt of the plastic material. Further disclosed are processes for making plastic foam structures with the compatibilized carbon black.

Abstract: N-Methylol derivatives of polycondensation products containing quaternary N atoms obtained fromA) basic ureas of the formulaHN(R.sup.1)--C--N(R.sup.2)--X.sup.1 --N(R.sup.3, R.sup.4) (I),B) polyamines of the formula(R.sup.6, R.sup.7)N--X.sup.2 --N(R.sup.8, R.sup.9) (II)andC) bifunctional alkylating agents,in whichX.sup.1, X.sup.2 and R.sup.1 -R.sup.9 have the meanings given in the description, are new. They are used as agents for improving the wet fastness properties of dyeings on cellulose and cellulose blend fabrics.

Abstract: Insulating foam for refrigerators and the like is prepared by blowing in the presence of carbon dioxide as the sole or principal blowing agent. The thermal conductivity of the foam is decreased by sealing said foam in a gas-impervious enclosure with at least one getter, such as an alkaline material, capable of removing carbon dioxide and at least one drying agent which will produce a relative humidity greater than the equilibrium relative humidity over a saturated aqueous solution of the getter, thus removing water without rendering the getter anhydrous. For example, calcium chloride dihydrate may be used when the getter is sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: Polyether polyol comprising as alkylene oxide units ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units, said polyol having a nominal average hydroxyl functionality of 2-6, an hydroxyl value of 16-45 mg KOH/g, a primary hydroxyl content of at least 50% calculated on the total amount of hydroxyl groups and an amount of ethylene oxide units, calculated on the weight of the alkylene oxide units in the polyol, of 21-49% by weight. These polyols are useful for making flexible foam.

Abstract: A primary object of the invention is to provide a method of producing rigid polyurethane foams using 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) as the blowing agent while substantially avoiding the formation of decomposition products from HCFC-141b. The above object can be achieved by a method of producing rigid polyurethane foams which comprises reacting a polyol with an organic polyisocyanate for foaming in the presence of HCFC-141b and a stabilizer therefor and in the presence of an organic metal catalyst and/or an imidazole compound catalyst and by the thus-produced rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams based on a blend of polyether and polyester polyols are described. The polyurethane foams of the invention have at least one of (a) enhanced pourability of a predominantly polyether foam; (b) flame laminability to a predominantly polyether foam without having as an essential ingredient an additive; (c) improved flame retardancy of a predominantly polyether or polyester foam; (d) improved hydrolytic stability to a predominantly polyester foam, or (e) increased softness to a predominantly polyether or polyester foam.

Abstract: A modified polyisocyanurate foam is produced by reacting an organic polyisocyanate, a polyol and water in the presence of three catalyst, i.e. two particular trimerization catalysts and a carbodiimidation catalyst. There can be produced, without using any evaporating type blowing agent, a modified polyisocyanurate foam which is suitably used for continuous production of laminate boards, siding boards, insulation boards, etc.

Abstract: A process for making a crosslinked, highly porous body derived from a water-soluble, hydrogel polymer, wherein the porous body is characterized in that it has an open-celled 3-dimensional lattice structure, a density of less than about 1.0 g/cm.sup.3, a surface area of equal to or greater than about 30 m.sup.2 /g, and a compression strength of equal to or less than about 75% yield at 300 psi.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water-blown methylene diphenylisocyanate-based polyurethane foam for use in packaging of shock or vibration sensitive goods, and a process for its manufacture from a particular polyol composition. The polyurethane foam exhibits a broad shock/vibration attenuation profile rendering it especially suitable for packaging of light weight articles.

Abstract: An improved closed cell polymer foam and foaming agent involving the use of a halocarbon blowing agent (e.g., HCFC-22, HCFC-123, HCFC-123a, and HCFC-141b) in combination with an effective amount of a gas barrier resin (e.g., an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene/acrylic ester copolymer or acrylic ester polymer) uniformly dispersed in the continuous polymeric phase. The presence of the gas barrier resin is shown to significantly reduce the escape of blowing agent from and/or entry of air into the foam resulting in low thermal conductivity over a longer period of time and improved thermal insulation value.

Abstract: A process for preparing formed articles made of polyurethane foams, which comprises reacting at least a polyisocyanate with at least a compound containing end activated hydrogens in the presence of an expanding medium, selected from at least a hydrofluoroalkane and/or perfluoroalkane, and of a product, containing at least a structural unit of the aminic type, chemically bound or present in free form in one of the two polyurethane reagents, said expanding medium being dissolved in said one of the two polyurethane reagents.

Abstract: Closed cell polyurethane foams, useful as thermal insulation for refrigerators and the like, are prepared by blending a polyisocyanate, a polyol and a suspension of at least one solid alkaline reagent, preferably sodium hydroxide, in an inert carrier liquid having a suitable viscosity. Preferred carrier liquids include polyepoxides and polyoxyalkylenediamines. The alkaline reagent reacts with and removes the carbon dioxide employed as a blowing agent, thus decreasing the thermal conductivity of the foam.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyurethane foam includes the steps of (a) providing a substantially uniform mixture having an isocyanate, an active hydrogen-containing compound, a blowing agent, and a catalyst to form a reaction mixture, and (b) expanding the reaction mixture to produce the polyurethane foam. The active hydrogen-containing compound has from about 50 to 100 parts-by-weight of a first active hydrogen-containing compound having an equivalent weight of from about 200 to about 800 and from 0 to about 50 parts-by-weight of a second active hydrogen-containing compound. The average equivalent weight of the active-hydrogen containing compound is in the range of from about 150 to about 700.

Abstract: It has now been found that the use of inert gases as an auxiliary blowing agent in flexible polyurethane foams places unexpected requirements on the composition of the silicone surfactants used in such foams. Typical silicone polyalkylene oxide polyether copolymer comb-type surfactants containing greater than about 37% ethylene oxide in the pendant polyether chains cause large cells when added inert gas is used as the blowing agent.

Abstract: A process for producing a foamed isocyanate-based polymer based on an amount of water and an amount of catalyst, the process comprising the steps of: providing a first stream comprising a particulate, non-cellular filler material surrounded by a mixture comprising less than 100% by weight of the amount of water and less than 100% by weight of the amount catalyst; providing a second stream comprising an active hydrogen-containing compound and the remainder of the amount of water and the amount of catalyst; providing a thin stream comprising an isocyanate; feeding each of the first stream, the second stream and the third stream-independently of one another to a mixing device; mixing the first stream, the second stream and the third stream in the mixing device to produce a reaction mixture; and allowing the reaction mixture to expand to produce the foamed isocyanate-based polymer. A system for alternating between production of filled or untilled isocyanate-base foam is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing polyurethane foam with a controlled number of cells, in which a gas is dispersed in one of the components, i.e. the polyol or the isocyanate, in a dispersing device arranged between the mixing head and the metering pump for the respective component.

Abstract: Process for making a flexible foam by reacting a polyisocyanate composition having an NCO value of 10-25% by weight and 30-150 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of polyisocyanate composition, of a polyol composition comprising water at an isocyanate-index of 40-100.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam in the presence of a blowing agent mixture comprising cyclopentane and a certain amounts of other organic compounds as co-blowing agenrts, the the saturated vapor pressure of said co-blowing agents in bar at T.sub.use (v.p.) complying with the following equation (I) ##EQU1## wherein C is the mole % of said co-blowing agent in gaseous form on the total blowing agent mixture in the gaseous phase after foaming and T.sub.use is the temperature in .degree.K. at which the foam is used.

Abstract: An improved closed-cell polymer foam involves the use of a polyfluorocarbon forming agent (e.g., HCFC-22) in combination with an effective amount of a hydrogen bond forming blocking agent (e.g., organic ether, ester or ketone). The presence of the blocking agent is shown to significantly reduce the escape of blowing agent from and entry of air into the foam resulting in low thermal conductivity over a longer period of time and improved thermal insulation value.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an underlayment composition for an artificial playing surface comprised of a butadiene rubber, such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene that is commercially available as recycled polycord tires that have been granulized. An inorganic-base moisture-retaining agent such as vermiculite or perlite is also included in the composition in addition to a binder comprised of a mixture of isocyanate polyurethane and an inorganic acid. The present invention also provides a method of making the present composition. The method comprises the steps of mixing thoroughly granulized particles of butadiene rubber in a mixing container, mixing an inorganic-based moisture-retaining component with the butadiene rubber, mixing an acid having a pH.ltoreq.3 with the butadiene rubber and the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component, and mixing an isocyanate polyurethane with the butadiene rubber, the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component and the acid.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyurethane foam which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate and a polyol in the presence of a blowing agent, cell stabilizer and a catalyst composition consisting essentially of at least one of the permethylated mono- and dialkylene oxide adducts of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine of structures I, II and III, or any combination thereof ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 aryl, or C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to polyurethane moldings produced via the RIM process. These polyurethane moldings have excellent reactivity, demold properties (at a 30 s demold), and good elongation and tear strength, and comprise the reaction product of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having a viscosity of less than about 20,000 mPa.multidot.s at 25.degree. C. and a NCO functionality of 2.3 to 4.0 with an isocyanatereactive component comprising b1) a relatively high molecular weight organic compound containing at least one of the groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxy groups and amine groups; and b2) a low molecular weight chain extender selected from the group consisting of diols, triols, primary amines, secondary amines, aminoalcohols, and mixtures thereof; in the presence of a catalyst. The OH:NH ratio of the chain extender is from 1:1 to 25:1.

Abstract: Polyfluoroalkanes are used as propellants in sprayable compositions or in the the preparation of plastic foams and in the electrical industry as cleansing and degreasing agents.

Abstract: A sealing material is prepared by furnishing a liquid composition comprising a polydiene or polyolefin polyol, a polyisocyanate compound, a foam stabilizer, and a blowing agent, uniformly dispersing an inert gas in the liquid composition by mechanical agitation to form a bubbled composition, shaping the bubbled composition into a sheet shape, and heat curing the bubbled shape at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent. The sealing material is lightweight and has a high blowing magnification. On use, the sealing material is disposed in a cavity of an automotive pillar or similar member and heated for foaming to fill the cavity with the foamed product.

Abstract: Polyfluoroalkanes are used as propellants in sprayable compositions or in the the preparation of plastic foams and in the electrical industry as cleansing and degreasing agents.

Abstract: A crosslinked, highly porous body derived from a water-soluble, hydrogel polymer, wherein the porous body is characterized in that it has an open-celled 3-dimensional lattice structure, a density of less than about 1.0 g/cm.sup.3, a surface area of equal to or greater than about 30 m.sup.2 /g, and a compression strength of equal to or less than about 75% yield at 300 psi.

Abstract: Novel catalyst compositions comprising complexes of tin(IV) salts and amine compounds are used to prepare polyurethanes, polyureas, polycarbodiimides and polyisocyanurates. The complexes, which preferably employ primary amines, allow delay of gelation until they dissociate under certain reaction conditions. The complexes can be prepared neat or in situ in an active hydrogen containing formulation component. The complexes serve to delay gelation of the formulation because they can be prepared to be relatively stable to moisture and will predictably dissociate upon heating, either as a result of the exothermic nature of the reaction being catalyzed or with application of an external heat source. The catalyst compositions are particularly useful for preparation of carpet underlay and in other applications requiring significant delay prior to gelation.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyetheresterols obtained by condensation of a polyfunctional carboxylic acid with an alcohol component, wherein the alcohol component comprises a mixture of alkanediols and etherdiols of the formula ##STR1## where m=1 to 3n.gtoreq.3 andR.sup.I, R.sup.II, R.sup.III and R.sup.IV are identical or different and, independently of one another, are hydrogen or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl,and the ratio between ether and ester groups in the polyetheresterol is in the range from 0.3:1 to 1.5:1, which are suitable, in particular, for the preparation of polyurethanes having reduced fogging.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water-blown methylene diphenylisocyanate-based polyurethane foam for use in packaging of shock or vibration sensitive goods, and a process for its manufacture from a particular polyol composition. The polyurethane foam exhibits a broad shock/vibration attenuation profile rendering it especially suitable for packaging of light weight articles.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses an improved process for preparing polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate comprising reacting phosgene with polymethylene polyphenyl polyamine, the improvement wherein the polymethylene polyphenyl polyamine is acidified prior to phosgenation.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate based organic aerogels having pore sizes less than 100 nm, densities in the range 10 to 800 kg/m.sup.3 and surface areas in the range 10 to 1500 m.sup.2 /g are provided.

Abstract: Compounds containing ester groups and tertiary amino groups and optionally hydroxyl groups are made by reacting optionally hydroxyfunctional acetoacetic acid esters of monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols (particularly polyfunctional polyether polyols) with primary/tertiary polyamines (particularly diamines). These compounds are useful as optionally incorporable catalysts for the isocyanate addition reaction in the production of polyurethane foams by the isocyanate polyaddition process.

Abstract: A novel microporous isocyanate-based xerogel composition is disclosed. The composition can be prepared by a method comprising (1) (1) admixing (a) a polyisocyanate component, (b) a substantially unreactive solvent, and, optionally, (c) a polymerization catalyst, water, an active-hydrogen compound or a mixture thereof, provided that (c) is included wherein (b) does not also function to catalyze polymerization; under reaction conditions sufficient to form a gel; and (2) removing the solvent under non-supercritical conditions sufficient to form a microporous xerogel composition. The compositions can be readily evacuated for use in thermal insulative applications such as vacuum panels, for uses such as appliance insulation, which show superior K-factor values when compared with, for example, conventional rigid polyurethane open-cell foams as used in similar applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus for transferring constituents into and out of a fluid such as blood. The apparatus includes a biphasic foam body which functions as a blood oxygenator, blood dialyzer, or other blood mass transfer device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing foam polyurethane incorporates an apparatus for mixing a nucleating gas into the polyol (part B) fraction and finally dispersing the nucleating gas prior to mixing the polyol (part B) fraction with the isocyanate (part A) fraction. The apparatus and method produce a very fine and uniform microcellular structure in the foam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for inhibiting the degradation by dehydrohalogenation of hydrochlorofluorocarbons, such as for example the mixture of 123 and 123a, used as foaming agents during the formation reaction of foamed polyurethanes or polyisocyanurates starting from polyols and polyisocyanates. Prior to the reaction starting, a little amount of a stabilizing substance selected from the group consisting of nitromethane, nitroethane and 1-nitropropane is added to the reaction medium.

Abstract: A foamed plastic manufactured by foaming a mixture of a resin and a volatile polymerizable foaming agent, wherein the pressure in the foams of the foamed plastic is less than atmospheric pressure, is disclosed. Further, a foamed plastic manufactured by hermetically sealing with an airtight film and foaming a mixture of a resin and a volatile polymerizable foaming agent, wherein the pressure in a gap region between the airtight film and the foamed plastic and the pressure in the foams of the foamed plastic are less than atmospheric pressure is disclosed. Further, a method of manufacturing foamed plastic comprising foaming a mixture of a volatile polymerizable foaming agent and a resin, and irradiating the foamed plastic with an energy beam.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to flexible polyurethane foams useful as seat cushioning material for vehicles, aircraft, furniture and the like. The polyurethane foams are characterized by improved wet compression set properties, improved firmness, resilience and elongation. The foams are made by a process which comprises reacting a polyol having a hydroxyl equivalent of from 800-10,000, a glycerin derivative having oxyethylene groups thereon but characterized by having a significant number of unreacted secondary hydroxyl groups of glycerin, (c) water and (d) an organic polyisocyanate.