Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with an oxide of indium at a temperature of about 500.degree. to 850.degree. C. The oxide is reduced by the contact and coproduct water is formed. A reducible oxide of indium is regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with molecular oxygen. The oxide In.sub.2 O.sub.3 is a particularly effective solid synthesizing agent.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with an oxide of lead at a temperature of about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. The oxide is reduced by the contact and coproduct water is formed. A reducible oxide of lead is regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with molecular oxygen. The oxide PbO is a particularly effective synthesizing agent.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with an oxide of antimony at a temperature of about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. The oxide is reduced by the contact and coproduct water is formed. A reducible oxide of antimony is regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with molecular oxygen. The oxide Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 is a particularly effective synthesizing agent.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with an oxide of manganese at a temperature of about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. The oxide is reduced by the contact and coproduct water is formed. A reducible oxide of manganese is regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with molecular oxygen. The oxide Mn.sub.3 O.sub.4 is a particularly effective synthesizing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combinative integrated chemical process using inorganic reactants and yielding, if desired, organic products. The process involves first the production of elemental potassium by the thermal or thermal-reduced pressure decomposition of potassium oxide or potassium sulfide and distillation of the potassium. This elemental potassium is then used to reduce ores or ore concentrates of copper, zinc, lead, magnesium, cadmium, iron, arsenic, antimony or silver to yield one or more of these less active metals in elemental form. Process potassium can also be used to produce hydrogen by reaction with water or potassium hydroxide. This hydrogen is reacted with potassium to produce potassium hydride. Heating the latter with carbon produces potassium acetylide which forms acetylene when treated with water. Acetylene is hydrogenated to ethene or ethane with process hydrogen. Using Wurtz-Fittig reaction conditions, the ethane can be upgraded to a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the fuel range.

Abstract: Benzene or an alkylbenzene is reacted with hydrogen and an alkali metal such as potassium in the presence of a polyamine to produce cyclohexene or alkylcyclohexene and alkali metal hydride. The polyamine contains only C, N and H and has at least three nitrogens. Each nitrogen is linked to three carbons and each carbon bridge is at least two methylenes long. Representative polyamines are hexamethyl hexacyclen, hexamethyl triethylene tetraamine, tris(2-dimethylamino ethyl)amine and octamethyl pentaethylene hexamine. Cyclohexene is produced at high ratios with respect to cyclohexane.

Abstract: Methylacetylene is removed prior to unduly raising its temperature from a stream containing the same but thus to minimize any danger of violent decomposition or explosion or coke formation. In one embodiment, a stream is obtained from the cracking of propane to produce ethylene, is fractionated to obtain a concentrate of methylacetylene and any propadiene which may be present, the concentrate is subjected to hydrogenation, thus converting methylacetylene and propadiene to propylene and the propylene is recovered.

Abstract: A process and system for vaporizing heavy oil prior to thermal cracking in a TRC system having low residence time on the order of 0.05 to 2 seconds, and at a temperature between 1300.degree. and 2500.degree. F.

Abstract: The conversion of less than 1 H.sub.2 /CO ratio syngas to high yield of C.sub.3 plus product is accomplished with a CO reducing catalyst comprising shift characteristics and the product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is converted to premium gasoline and distillate fuels by contact with acidic ZSM-5 zeolite.The syngas conversion may be accomplished in any catalyst system permitting a very close temperature control on the exotherm encountered and the gasoline-distillate yield relationship may be varied as a function of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A novel method for the selective preparation of the cis isomer of a disubstituted ethylenically unsaturated compound is proposed in which a disubstituted acetylenically unsaturated compound is partially hydrogenated in the presence of, in place of a conventional Lindlar catalyst or a combination of a Lindlar catalyst with an amine, a palladium catalyst borne on an alumina carrier in combination with water and a hydroxide or a basic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. The inventive method is advantageous over conventional methods by the unnecessity of the use of an amine compound which is definitely undesirable when the product is directed to the application in perfumery and by the easiness in handling of the catalyst which can be easily separated from the reaction mixture after completion of the reaction.

Abstract: A process and system for vaporizing heavy oil prior to thermal cracking to olefins, by flashing with steam in first mixer, superheating the vapor, and flashing in second mixer the liquid from first mixer.

Abstract: Novel regenerable catalyst-reagents, and a new and improved process utilizing said regenerable catalyst-reagents, for the conversion, and oligomerization of hydrocarbons, notably methane, at relatively low temperatures to produce products rich in ethylene or benzene, or both, usually in admixture with other hydrocarbons; and process for the regeneration of said catalyst-reagents.

Abstract: Novel regenerable catalyst-reagents, and a new and improved process utilizing said regenerable catalyst-reagents, for the conversion, and oligomerization of hydrocarbons, notably methane, at relatively low temperatures to produce products rich in ethylene or benzene, or both, usually in admixture with other hydrocarbons; and process for the regeneration of said catalyst-reagents. (a) The catalyst-reagents are multi-functional and are comprised of (1) a Group VIII noble metal having an atomic number of 45 or greater, nickel, or a Group 1-B noble metal having an atomic number of 47 or greater; (2) a Group VI-B metal oxide which is capable of being reduced to a lower oxide, or admixture of metal oxides which includes one or more of such metal oxides; and, (3) a Group II-A metal or alkaline-earth metal, composited with a suitably passivated, spinel-coated refractory support, notably an inorganic oxide support, preferably alumina.

Abstract: A method for chemically converting methane gas into higher molecular weight hydrocarbons by using chlorine gas as a recyclable, active catalyst.

Abstract: Novel regenerable catalyst-reagents, and a new and improved process utilizing said regenerable catalyst-reagents, for the conversion, and oligomerization of hydrocarbons, notably methane, at relatively low temperatures to produce products rich in ethylene or benzene, or both, usually in admixture with other hydrocarbons; and process for the regeneration of said catalyst-reagents. (a) The catalyst-reagents are multi-functional and are comprised of (1) a Group VIII noble metal having an atomic number of 45 or greater, nickel, or a Group I-B noble metal having an atomic number of 47 or greater; (2) a Group VI-B metal oxide which is capable of being reduced to a lower oxide, or admixture of metal oxides which includes one or more of such metal oxides; and, (3) a Group II-A metal or alkaline-earth metal, composited with a suitably passivated, spinel-coated refractory support, notably an inorganic oxide support, preferably alumina.

Abstract: A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is contacted in a first reactor with an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst such as potassium promoted iron under special conditions and the total products from said contact are then converted in a second reactor containing HZSM-5 to obtain either a highly olefinic or highly aromatic product depending on reaction conditions.