Abstract: A concentration measurement apparatus measures a temporal relative change amount (?cHb, ?O2Hb) of either or both of total hemoglobin concentration and oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the head that vary due to repetition of chest compression, and includes a light incidence section making measurement light incident on the head, a light detection section detecting the measurement light propagated through the interior of the head and generating a detection signal in accordance with the intensity of the measurement light, and a CPU determining, based on the detection signal, the relative change amount (?cHb, ?O2Hb) and performing a filtering process of removing frequency components less than a predetermined frequency from frequency components contained in the relative change amount (?cHb, ?O2Hb).

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward devices, apparatus, and methods for interfacing a PPG apparatus with the skin surface of a patient and sensing artifacts due to surface motion attributable to contact-based surface motion at or near where the apparatus in contact with the skin surface of the patient. The devices, apparatus, and methods include circuitry that contacts the skin surface of the patient, illuminates tissue at the surface, and senses a pulse photoplethysmography (PPG) signal of the patient in response thereto. Further, the circuitry senses artifacts due to surface motion, and responds to the sensed PPG signal by processing the sensed PPG signal relative to the sensed artifacts to produce a version of the sensed PPG signal that is indicative local blood volume and composition of the patient, and filtered to suppress noise therein due to the contact-based surface motion.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes embodiments of a patient monitoring system and methods that include the measure and display of hemoglobin statistics. In an embodiment, total hemoglobin trending is displayed over a period of time. Statistics can include frequency domain analysis, which may be unique for each patient monitored. The total hemoglobin trending and/or statistics can further be used to help control the treatment of a patient, such as being used to control IV administration.

Abstract: A detecting device includes at least one detecting module. In the detecting module, a light source unit is configured to emit a first beam and a second beam. The wavelength of the first beam is different from that of the second beam. A packaging unit is disposed on the light source unit and a light detecting unit and on transmission paths of the first beam and the second beam from the light source unit. An optical microstructure unit is disposed on the transmission paths of the first beam and the second beam. The first beam and the second beam emitted from the light source unit pass through the packaging unit to pass the optical microstructure unit to be transmitted to a biological tissue, and then pass through the optical microstructure unit to pass the packaging unit to be transmitted to the light detecting unit in sequence.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for forming a recognition algorithm for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy may include: determining a most mathematically different dataset of a plurality of spectral datasets corresponding to materials; dividing the spectral datasets into model development datasets and performance evaluation datasets; transforming, automatically with a processor, one of the model development datasets into a first discrimination model that discriminates the first spectra; removing the first spectra from the model development datasets to yield a subset of development datasets; determining a next most mathematically different spectral dataset of the spectral datasets; transforming the subset of development datasets into a second discrimination model that discriminates the second spectra; and combining the first discrimination model and the second discrimination model to form the recognition algorithm for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Abstract: A device for measuring concentration of a constituent in blood includes: an irradiation unit for irradiating light toward a living body, the light having a wavelength disposed in a light absorption band of the constituent in the blood; a light receiving unit for receiving light, which is reflected in the living body or transmitted through the living body; and a concentration measurement unit for measuring the concentration of the constituent in the blood based on variation of light intensity of light received by the light receiving unit, the variation attributed to a pulse wave of the living body.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes techniques that may provide more accurate estimates of arterial oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry by switching between a wavelength spectrum of at least a first and a second light source so that the arterial oxygen saturation estimates at low (e.g., in the range below 75%), medium (e.g., greater than or equal to 75% and less than or equal to 84%), and high (e.g., greater than 84% range) arterial oxygen saturation values are more accurately calculated. In one embodiment, light emitted from a near 660 nm and a near 900 nm emitter pair may be used when the arterial oxygen saturation range is high. In another embodiment, light emitted from a near 730 nm and a near 900 nm emitter pair may be used when the arterial oxygen saturation range is low. In yet another embodiment, light emitted from both a near 660 nm-900 nm emitter pair and light emitted from a near 730 nm-900 nm emitter pair may be used when the arterial oxygen saturation range is in the middle range.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for monitoring a parameter of a region of interest (ROI) within a first tissue type within a body. A control unit drives a measurement unit to provide an operating condition such that acoustic waves overlap with a region within the ROI that is illuminated by illuminating light such as to generate a first set of tagged photons, and such that the acoustic waves overlap with a region of tissue within a second tissue type that is illuminated by illuminating light such as to generate a second set of tagged photons, the first and second sets of tagged photons being distinguishable from one another. The control unit determines the parameter of the ROI by extracting data portions associated with, respectively, the light response of the ROI and the light response of the second tissue type, by distinguishing between the sets of tagged photons.

Abstract: A system for in-place visualization of sensed data is provided. The system includes a formable sheet comprising a display and sensors embedded within the sheet underneath the display. The display will display information relating to sensed data on a portion of the display corresponding to locations of the sensors located underneath the display. As a result, the display displays the information above or directly above the sensors that output data.

Abstract: Provided is a molecular concentration measurement device including a laser oscillator oscillating and outputting first laser light with an oscillation frequency ?1 and second laser light with an oscillation frequency ?2 which are in a relationship of ??=?1??2 (?1>?2) with regard to an oscillation frequency ?? that is a molecule oscillation mode of molecules to be measured, a condensing lens condensing the first laser light and the second laser light into a blood vessel of an organism in which the molecules to be measured are included, a light sensing unit sensing stimulated Raman scattering light emitted by the molecules to be measured when the first laser light and the second laser light are radiated on the molecules to be measured, and then Stokes-shifted, and a concentration computation unit computing a concentration of the molecules to be measured from a spectral intensity of the sensed stimulated Raman scattering light.

Abstract: A sensor may be adapted to reduce signal artifacts by deflecting the effects of outside forces and sensor motion. A sensor is provided with a rigid annular structure adapted to reduce the effect of motion of a sensor emitter and/or detector. Further, a method of deflecting or minimizing outside forces and sensor motion is also provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting blood tests on the blood of critically ill or anemic patients includes surrounding a transparent portion of an IV line with a sensor housing bearing radiation sources located on one side of the IV line and radiation sensors located on the opposite or other side of the IV line. A patient's blood can be drawn into the IV line, whereupon the radiation sources, which may be LEDs, are caused to pass radiation through the blood and onto the sensors. The sensors detect characteristics of the received radiation and produce a signal, which can be interpreted by a monitor to determine characteristics of the blood such as oxygen content, hemoglobin levels, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for measuring a micro-vascular flow distribution of a tissue portion of a mammal comprising means (101) for measuring a first indicator (MTT) for the blood flow through a capillary bed, means (102) for measuring a second indicator (CTTH) of heterogeneity of the blood flow in said capillary bed, and a first processor (110) arranged for using the first and the second indicator to estimate an extraction capacity (EC) of a substance from the blood in said capillary bed.

Abstract: An apparatus for working in conjunction with a digital sensor, CPU and display of a host device in order to measure blood characteristics that includes a housing configured for association with the host device so as to define between them a chamber into which at least a portion of an appendage of a living being is placed such that a tip of the appendage is deployed adjacent to the digital sensor so as to cover the digital sensor. The chamber substantially encloses the digital sensor. Light from a light source is directed toward the appendage tip, wherein at least some light from the light source is reflected by tissue of the appendage, is received by the sensor and data thereby generated is processed by the CUP to determine the blood characteristics.

Abstract: A blood parameter measuring device and a method for measuring a blood parameter are provided. The blood parameter measuring device includes an emitted source, a receiver module, and an actuator. The emitted source is disposed at a side of a tissue to be analyzed and provides at least two different wavelengths of radiation. The receiver module is disposed at another side of the tissue to be analyzed to receive the attenuated radiation produced by the emitted source. The actuator is connected to at least one of the emitted source and the receiver module. The actuator generates a driving force to make the emitted source and the receiver module contacts the tissue to be analyzed, thereby imposing a normal stress on a surface of the tissue to be analyzed to change a wave path between the emitted source and the receiver module.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for qualifying and quantifying excitation-dependent physiological information extracted from wearable sensors in the midst of interference from unwanted sources are provided. An organism is interrogated with at least one excitation energy, energy response signals from two or more distinct physiological regions are sensed, and these signals are processed to generate an extracted signal. The extracted signal is compared with a physiological model to qualify and/or quantify a physiological property. Additionally, important physiological information can be qualified and quantified by comparing the excitation wavelength-dependent response, measured via wearable sensors, with a physiological model.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the observation, identification, and detection of blood cells, which comprises a label-free third harmonic generation (THG) tomography having a property of least injury. Submicron morphologies and granularities of blood cells can be revealed and reflected through this method. Leukocytes with different granularities can thus be identified from the intensity and distribution of third harmonic generation signals generated within cells. Furthermore, the method of the present invention is capable of performing a noninvasive sectioning microscopy image in vivo. Without cell and tissue damage, label-free third harmonic generation microscopy can real-time observe the morphology and dynamics of blood cells flowing in vessels or trafficking in tissues; Red blood cells and leukocytes have different morphology in blood flow and can thus be distinguished by in vivo third harmonic generation microscopy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a packing container including: a packing container body including a leading-out section which contains an optical probe having a first end section for incoming of a laser beam and a second end section for outgoing of the incoming laser beam, which leads out the first end section of the optical probe thus contained to the exterior and which is sealed, and a window section by which the laser beam going out from the second end section of the contained optical probe is led out to the exterior; and a light-transmitting member which closes the window section and permits the laser beam to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described that permit an analyte concentration to be estimated from a measurement in the presence of compounds that interfere with the measurement. The method reduces the error in the analyte concentration in the presence of interferents. The method includes the use of a set of measurements obtained for a large population having a range of known analyte and interfering compound concentrations. From a sample measurement, which may or may not be one of the population, likely present interferents are identified, and a calibration vector is calculated.

Abstract: An optical blood monitoring system includes a sensor clip assembly and a blood chamber. The blood chamber has an internal flow cavity for extracorporeal blood flow and viewing lenses to enable the sensor clip assembly to monitor the blood when it is mounted on the blood chamber. The sensor clip assembly includes an annular shroud surrounding the LED emitters and another annular shroud surrounding the photodetectors, both for the purpose of blocking ambient light and limiting light piping. The blood chamber includes separate, distinct shroud mating surfaces to engage the shrouds on the sensor clip assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a skin adherable device for monitoring analytes in interstitial fluid. The device includes an electromagnetic radiation emitting source and a transmitter for transmitting the electromagnetic radiation between the electromagnetic radiation emitting source and the interstitial fluid. The device further includes a detector, operating electronics and a power supply. The device may include a reusable part and a disposable part.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method and apparatus for total hemoglobin measurement. A modulated optical signal based on a digital code sequence is transmitted to human tissue. A temporal transfer characteristic is determined from the modulated optical signal. Total hemoglobin is determined based on the temporal transfer characteristic.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the noninvasive detection of a concentration of a substance in a body, such as glucose in the human bloodstream is disclosed. The apparatus measures substance concentration by detecting radiation in the far infrared range emitted by the body using an infrared detected in combination with a set of adequate filters. In order to achieve the accuracy required, the radiation values detected by the detector are corrected for the emissions of the system components. The temperature of each system component including the detector temperature and an ambient temperate is determined using temperature sensors attached to the various system components. These temperatures are correlated with a set of predetermined calibration parameters to correct the detector readings.

Abstract: A sensor system includes a sensor and a sensor electronics device. The sensor includes a plurality of electrodes. The sensor electronics device includes a connection detection device, a power source, and a delay circuit. The connection detection device determines if the sensor electronics device is connected to the sensor and transmits a connection signal. The delay circuit receives the connection signal, waits a preset hydration time, and couples the regulated voltage from the power source to an electrode in the sensor after the preset hydration time has elapsed. Alternatively, the sensor electronics device may include an electrical detection circuit and a microcontroller. The electrical detection circuit determines if the plurality of electrodes are hydrated and generates an interrupt if the electrodes are hydrated. A microcontroller receives the interrupt and transmits a signal representative of a voltage to an electrode of the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a noninvasive optical sensor or probe including disposable and reusable components. The assembly of the disposable and reusable components is straightforward, along with the disassembly thereof. During application to a measurement site, the assembled sensor is advantageously secured together while the componentry is advantageously properly positioned.

Abstract: A non-invasive, continuous, real-time detection system for determining an amount of tissue hypoperfusion in a patient includes an illumination system adapted to illuminate a section of tissue of a patient with light comprising at least five wavelength components, a detection system arranged to detect light from the illumination system after the light has passed through the section of tissue, and a signal processing system adapted to communicate with the detection system. The signal processing system is configured to calculate a relative amount of each of five forms of hemoglobin compared to substantially total hemoglobin, the five forms of hemoglobin being oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, met-hemoglobin, carboxy-hemoglobin, and sulf-hemoglobin.

Abstract: A sensor system includes a sensor and a sensor electronics device. The sensor includes a plurality of electrodes. The sensor electronics device includes a connection detection device, a power source, and a delay circuit. The connection detection device determines if the sensor electronics device is connected to the sensor and transmits a connection signal. The delay circuit receives the connection signal, waits a preset hydration time, and couples the regulated voltage from the power source to an electrode in the sensor after the preset hydration time has elapsed. Alternatively, the sensor electronics device may include an electrical detection circuit and a microcontroller. The electrical detection circuit determines if the plurality of electrodes are hydrated and generates an interrupt if the electrodes are hydrated. A microcontroller receives the interrupt and transmits a signal representative of a voltage to an electrode of the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to a system and method for noninvasive, non-destructive fluorescent measurement. More specifically, the disclosure provides a non-invasive metrology system and method to monitor levels of fluorescent chemicals in the blood. A major application for the invention is field-based non-invasive blood testing for micro-nutrient deficiency and diseases resulting from it, such as Iron deficient anemia. The invention may help reduce or eliminate the need for blood drawing, sending the sample to a blood lab and having to wait for a result.

Abstract: A system for optically measuring blood parameters including a light source and light transmitter for transmitting light to the blood, a light remitter for capturing remitted light, a spectrometer breaking the remitted light into its spectral components and a processor for comparing a morphologically distinct portion of the remitted light to a database of known morphologies. Each of the known morphologies corresponds to a measurement value at least one parameter, such as an analyte. Advantageously, the determined morphologies can uniquely correspond to two or more blood parameters, such as O2Hb and tHb, allowing simultaneous determination of the two parameters.

Abstract: An ear sensor provides a sensor body having a base, legs extending from the base and an optical housing disposed at ends of the legs opposite the base. An optical assembly is disposed in the housing. The sensor body is flexed so as to position the housing over a concha site. The sensor body is unflexed so as to attach the housing to the concha site and position the optical assembly to illuminate the concha site. The optical assembly is configured to transmit optical radiation into concha site tissue and receive the optical radiation after attenuation by pulsatile blood flow within the tissue.

Abstract: A detection device for detecting a blood count parameter in a blood vessel, comprising a transmitter to inject a first transmit signal of a first frequency into the blood vessel and a second transmit signal of a second frequency into the blood vessel, a receiver to receive a first receive signal at the first frequency and a second receive signal at the second frequency, a loss detector to determine a first loss value on the basis of the first transmit signal and the first receive signal at the first frequency, and to determine a second loss value on the basis of the second transmit signal and the second receive signal at the second frequency, and a processor to determine a first frequency shift of the first loss value relative to a first reference loss value, determine a second frequency shift of the second loss value relative to a second reference loss value, and determine the blood count parameter on the basis of the first frequency shift and the second frequency shift.

Abstract: A noninvasive physiological sensor for measuring one or more physiological parameters of a medical patient can include a bump interposed between a light source and a photodetector. The bump can be placed in contact with body tissue of a patient and thereby reduce a thickness of the body tissue. As a result, an optical pathlength between the light source and the photodetector can be reduced. In addition, the sensor can include a heat sink that can direct heat away from the light source. Moreover, the sensor can include shielding in the optical path between the light source and the photodetector. The shielding can reduce noise received by the photodetector.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sensors for use on a patient's ear. The sensors as provided may be disposable and configured to be retained on an ear with a biasing mechanism. In particular embodiments, the biasing mechanism is a sliding clip that is configured to bias a first portion and a second portion of a sensor body towards one another.

Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (herein “OCT”) based analyte monitoring systems are disclosed. In one aspect, techniques are disclosed that can identify fluid flow in vivo (e.g., blood flow), which can act as a metric for gauging the extent of blood perfusion in tissue. For instance, if OCT is to be used to estimate the level of an analyte (e.g., glucose) in tissue, a measure of the extent of blood flow can potentially indicate the presence of an analyte correlating region, which would be suitable for analyte level estimation with OCT. Another aspect is related to systems and methods for scanning multiple regions. An optical beam is moved across the surface of the tissue in two distinct manners. The first can be a coarse scan, moving the beam to provide distinct scanning positions on the skin. The second can be a fine scan where the beam is applied for more detailed analysis.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes embodiments of a patient monitoring system and methods that include the measure and display of hemoglobin statistics. In an embodiment, total hemoglobin trending is displayed over a period of time. Statistics can include frequency domain analysis, which may be unique for each patient monitored. The total hemoglobin trending and/or statistics can further be used to help control the treatment of a patient, such as being used to control IV administration.

Abstract: This disclosure describes, among other features, systems and methods for customizing calibration curves, parameter algorithms, and the like to individual users. An initial calibration curve generated based on a population can be used as a starting point in an algorithm for measuring a physiological parameter such as glucose. The measurement algorithm can determine one or more initial measurement values for a user based on the initial calibration curve. In certain embodiments, one or more alternative measurements, such as invasive or minimally invasive measurements, can periodically or sporadically be input into the measurement algorithm. The algorithm can use the alternative measurements to adapt the calibration curve to the individual. As a result, measurements for the individual can more accurately reflect the individual's actual parameter values.

Abstract: A physiological parameter tracking system has a reference parameter calculator configured to provide a reference parameter responsive to a physiological signal input. A physiological measurement output is a physiological parameter derived from the physiological signal input during a favorable condition and an estimate of the physiological parameter according to the reference parameter during an unfavorable condition.

Abstract: A light-based medical diagnostic system includes a plurality of semiconductor diodes with pump beams and a multiplexer capable of combining the pump beams and generating at least a multiplexed pump beam comprising one or more wavelengths. A first waveguide structure is configured to receive at least a portion of the one or more wavelengths and outputs a first optical beam. A second waveguide structure is configured to receive at least a portion of the first optical beam and to communicate at least the portion of the first optical beam to an output end of the second waveguide structure to form an output beam. A lens system is configured to receive at least a portion of the output beam and to communicate at least the portion of the output beam onto a part of a patient's body, such as a patient's blood.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a handheld multi-parameter patient monitor capable of determining multiple physiological parameters from the output of a light sensitive detector capable of detecting light attenuated by body tissue. For example, in an embodiment, the monitor is capable of advantageously and accurately displaying one or more of pulse rate, plethysmograph data, perfusion quality, signal confidence, and values of blood constituents in body tissue, including for example, arterial carbon monoxide saturation (“HbCO”), methemoglobin saturation (“HbMet”), total hemoglobin (“Hbt”), arterial oxygen saturation (“SpO2”), fractional arterial oxygen saturation (“SpaO2”), or the like. The monitor can determine which a plurality of light emitting sources and which of a plurality of parameters to measure based on the signal quality and resources available.

Abstract: An in vivo determination of the presence or concentration of an endogenous or exogenous substance by photoacoustically assaying the substance in the eye and correlating the presence or concentration of the substance in the eye to the presence or concentration of the substance in the blood, without removing a tissue or fluid sample from the body for assay. The eye, unlike other body sites such as the skin, has a relatively constant pressure and temperature, providing an additional utility for the inventive method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a set for determining whether blood obtained in puncture tools by puncturing a blood vessel is venous blood or arterial blood easily, and ensuring handling under a sterile state. A set for determining blood type has a cover body to be attached to a syringe set, and a blood type determination unit to be housed in the cover body. The blood type determination unit comprises a light projecting portion and a light receiving element, and a blue output LED and a red output LED showing a judgment result based on a signal obtained from the light receiving element. The cover body has a body and a lid that are combined with each other to cover the blood type determination unit, a partition for passing blood between the light projecting portion and the light receiving element, and a pair of measurement windows for transmitting light between the light projecting portion and the light receiving element through the partition.

Abstract: Embodiments of devices, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for monitoring a subject are presented. The monitoring device includes at least one sensor configured to monitor one or more physiological parameters of a subject and a processing unit operatively coupled to the sensor. The sensor comprises a plurality of radiation sources and detectors disposed on a flexible substrate in a designated physical arrangement. The processing unit is configured to dynamically configure an operational geometry of the sensor by controlling the intensity of one or more of the radiation sources and the gain of one or more of the detectors so as to satisfy at least one quality metric associated with one or more physiological parameters of the subject.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a noninvasive optical sensor or probe including disposable and reusable components. The assembly of the disposable and reusable components is straightforward, along with the disassembly thereof. During application to a measurement site, the assembled sensor is advantageously secured together while the componentry is advantageously properly positioned.

Abstract: An alarm suspend system utilizes an alarm trigger responsive to physiological parameters and corresponding limits on those parameters. The parameters are associated with both fast and slow treatment times corresponding to length of time it takes for a person to respond to medical treatment for out-of-limit parameter measurements. Audible and visual alarms respond to the alarm trigger. An alarm silence button is pressed to silence the audible alarm for a predetermined suspend time. The audible alarm is activated after the suspend time has lapsed. Longer suspend times are associated with slow treatment parameters and shorter suspend times are associated with fast treatment parameters.

Abstract: A method for noninvasively measuring analyte levels includes using a non-imaging OCT-based system to scan a two-dimensional area of biological tissue and gather data continuously during the scanning. Structures within the tissue where measured-analyte-induced changes to the OCT data dominate over changes induced by other analytes are identified by focusing on highly localized regions of the data curve produced from the OCT scan which correspond to discontinuities in the OCT data curve. The data from these localized regions then can be related to measured analyte levels.

Abstract: Implantable medical devices and methods include an optical sensor that includes at least two optical sensor portions. The light emitting devices of the optical sensor are distributed among the at least two optical sensor portions.

Abstract: The diagnosability of diseased parts is improved by precisely correcting fluorescence images without being affected by specular reflection and without being affected by thick blood vessels.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method and apparatus for total hemoglobin measurement. A modulated optical signal based on a digital code sequence is transmitted to human tissue. A temporal transfer characteristic is derived from the modulated optical signal. Total hemoglobin is determined based on the temporal transfer characteristic.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus obtaining a hematocrit from a sample of in vivo tissue. The method comprises irradiating the sample with a single incident wavelength on a sample of tissue, simultaneously measuring wavelength shifted (IE) and unshifted (EE) light emitted from the tissue, and determining a relative volume of light emitted from two phases, wherein the two phases comprise a first Rayleigh and Mie scattering and fluorescent phase associated with red blood cells, and a second, non-scattering phase associated with plasma. The hematocrit is calculated from the volume of light emitted by the first phase relative to the total volume of light emitted from the first and second phases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for spectrophotometric in vivo monitoring of blood metabolites such as hemoglobin oxygen concentration at a plurality of different areas or regions on the same organ or test site on an ongoing basis, by applying a plurality of spectrophotometric sensors to a test subject at each of a corresponding plurality of testing sites and coupling each such sensor to a control and processing station, operating each of said sensors to spectrophotometrically irradiate a particular region within the test subject; detecting and receiving the light energy resulting from said spectrophotometric irradiation for each such region and conveying corresponding signals to said control and processing station, analyzing said conveyed signals to determine preselected blood metabolite data, and visually displaying the data so determined for each of a plurality of said areas or regions in a comparative manner. REEXAMINATION RESULTS The questions raised in reexamination proceeding No. 90/010,128, filed Mar.