Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a data link layer tunneling technique is disclosed for improving the throughput of high speed data in noisy wireless environments. The method for recovering lost frames transmitted between a packet sending unit and a packet receiving unit in a data communications system, and generally comprises the steps of: (a) identifying a failure to successfully receive a missed frame at the packet receiving unit; (b) establishing a logical tunnel channel at the packet receiving unit to acknowledge the next successfully received frame; (c) starting a first timer at the packet receiving unit; (c) upon receiving a tunnel establishment request from the packet receiving unit, the packet sending unit resending the missed frame on the logical tunnel channel and starting a second timer; and (d) the packet sending unit resending the missed frame a specified number of times until receiving an acknowledgement from the packet receiving unit.

Abstract: A packet data transmitting method and mobile communication system using the same enables transmission of common ACK/NACK information from each sector of a base station to a user entity in softer handover. The method includes receiving via at least one of the plurality of sectors a data packet from the mobile terminal, the data packet being correspondingly received for each of the at least one of the plurality of sectors; combining the correspondingly received data packets, to obtain a signal having a highest signal-to-noise ratio; decoding the value obtained by the combining; determining a transmission status of the data packet according to the decoding; and transmitting to the mobile terminal a common ACK/NACK signal including one of a common ACK signal and a common NACK signal according to the determining, the common ACK/NACK signal being transmitted via each of the at least one sector.

Abstract: In a multi-antenna communication system using LDPC codes, a simple method is used to effectively improve the received quality by performing a retransmittal of less data without restricting applicable LDPC codes. In a case of a non-retransmittal, a multi-antenna transmitting apparatus (100) transmits, from two antennas (114A, 114B) , LDPC encoded data formed by LDPC encoding blocks (102A, 102B). In a case of a retransmittal, the multi-antenna transmitting apparatus (100) uses a transmission method, in which the diversity gain is higher than in the previous transmission, to transmit only a part of the LDPC encoded data as previously transmitted. For example, the only the part of the LDPC encoded data to be re-transmitted is transmitted from the single antenna (114A).

Abstract: A communication system for guaranteeing only one each of two processing operations, correlated with each other and executed on different devices. A server has a unit which, on receipt of a first processing request, with identification information, executes this processing only once for one item of the identification, and a unit for transmitting a first processing completion notice to the transmission source of the processing request on completion of the first processing or on re-receipt of the processing request for the first processing with the same identification of the completed first processing. The client has a server, a unit for transmitting the processing request for first processing with identification information, a unit for executing a second processing, previously correlated with the first processing, on receipt of the completion notice, and a unit for re-transmitting a processing request on detection of an error before receipt of a transmitted completion notice.

Abstract: A client, system, and method are provided to compensate for the loss of multicast data packets. When data packets transmitted to two or more clients are lost, a client determines whether compensation for the data packet is needed; if so, the client requests other clients to compensate, receives a compensated data packet, and performs packet rearrangement. To process a request for compensation for a data packet, a first client receiving such a request transmits the lost data packet to the second client so as not to collide with transmission by a third client which also received the request from the second client. Accordingly, if a client loses a data packet, it can be compensated for, preventing reproduction of multimedia data from interruption due to the loss. Also, since clients, not the server, compensate for the lost packet, it is possible to avoid interruptions in data transmission from the server.

Abstract: A system and method of utilizing a network to correct flawed media data. The media device includes a processor, a memory, a network adapter, a removable media interface, an error-correction module, and a communication module. The network device enables the media device to connect to the network and server. The removable media interface enables a user to couple a removable medium to the media device. After a user inserts a removable medium into the removable media interface, the processor and error-correction module examines the removable medium for physical errors. If the number of detected errors exceeds a predetermined threshold, the media device, via the network adapter and the communication module, queries a server for correction data. This correction data may be utilized by the media device to enable successful processing of the data stored on the removable medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for handling reordered data packets. A method comprises receiving a data packet and determining if the data packet is received out of order. The method further comprises delaying transmission of an acknowledgement indicating that a data packet is missing in response to determining that the data packet is received out of order.

Abstract: Disclosed herewith is a communication method employed for a wireless communication system. The method controls retransmission in case where wireless communication between a data transmitter and a data receiver in the system is unstable, thereby suppressing increasing of a communication delay time that might otherwise be caused by the retransmission control, thereby reducing transmission error occurrence. The transmitter node transmits a wireless signal including data while the receiver node receives the wireless signal and checks the received signal for error existence. If not detecting any error in the received data, the receiver node transmits an ACK (Acknowledgement) signal to the transmitter node. If detecting an error in the received data, the receiver node does not transmit the ACK (Acknowledgement) signal to the transmitter node. At this time, an interception node intercepts the data transmitted from the transmitter node and stores the intercepted data in a data storage unit.

Abstract: A “high availability” system comprises multiple switches under the control of a control processor (“CP”). The firmware executing on the processor can be changed when desired. Consistent with the high availability nature of the system (i.e., minimal down time), a single CP system implements a firmware change by loading new firmware onto the system, saving state information pertaining to the old firmware, preventing the old firmware from communicating with the switches, bringing the new firmware to an active state and applying the saved state information to the new firmware.

Abstract: A RAID controller is provided for each host sharing a RAID. Each RAID controller can determine whether another host is sharing the RAID and assume a master or slave status with respect to rebuild operations for the shared disk. The master controller may then manage any rebuild operations on rebuild disks within the RAID.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission are disclosed. If a packet has not been successfully transmitted, it is determined whether an HARQ early termination condition is met. If the HARQ early termination condition is met, the HARQ process is terminated and the packet is discarded at the HARQ level. The HARQ early termination condition is met if a positive acknowledgement (ACK) has not been received until the number of retransmissions reaches a predetermined limit that is dynamically configured based on channel condition, measurement, etc. Alternatively, the HARQ early termination condition is met if a transmit power required for successful transmission of the packet is much higher than an actual transmit power. Alternatively, the HARQ early termination condition is met if a transport format combination (TFC) selected for retransmission is different from an optimal TFC. A higher layer may be notified of the early HARQ termination.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a packet from a transmitter to a receiver in a wireless communication system begins by building a packet by a transport format combination (TFC) selection process, and the packet is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver. If the transmitter receives an indication that the packet was not successfully received at the receiver, the packet is retransmitted via a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) procedure. If the HARQ procedure did not successfully transmit the packet, then the packet is retransmitted via a retransmission management (RM) procedure. If the RM procedure did not successfully transmit the packet, then the packet is discarded by the transmitter.

Abstract: The forward error correction based clock and data recovery system includes a data latch for intermediately storing received data, which is triggered by a sampling clock. The system further includes an error determination unit for determining whether which of the sampled received data is wrong, and for generating out of it a phase/frequency correction signal. Furthermore, the system includes a clock generator for generating the sampling clock depending on the correction signal.

Abstract: In a decoding apparatus in a portable Internet terminal, a channel encoded symbol received from a transmitter is decoded by one of a chase-combining scheme and a code-combining scheme selected based on an ID value of the subpacket indicating a start position of the symbol. In this case, the chase-combining scheme is partly used for the encoded symbol of the information bit. With such a mode, decoding can be performed at a low code rate.

Abstract: A memory device may include a memory cell array, a page buffer circuit, and/or a control logic. The page buffer circuit may include first and second registers and be configured to store data to be programmed in the memory cell array. The control logic may be configured to control the page buffer circuit to reload data stored in the first register into the second register in response to a reload command input if a program operation fails.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of disaster recovery in data processing systems and to a recovery system. The invention allows for easy, fast and reliable recovery of a data processing system in a disaster situation. Unmodified backup data is stored to a target data processing system, the hardware of the target data processing system being different from the hardware of the source data processing system, from which the backup data originated. The stored backup data is then adapted to the hardware of the target data processing system by a remote recovery system using previously obtained reference data.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a data reading unit that reads data from a non-contact tag, and a restoration unit that restores a file when the data reading unit reads, from the non-contact tag, (i) location information indicating a storage location where the file is previously stored and (ii) at least one of a flag indicating that the file is to be restored and a restoration program for restoring the file, in accordance with the read at least one of the flag and the restoration program.

Abstract: A data communications system comprising a plurality of processing devices 100 connected to a serial bus 101 via a serial bus interface 103. The processing device 100 provides a communication control line 102 which connects each processing device in order and performs the transfer of transmission right of the serial bus is provided, a transmission right management unit 105 which is connected to the communication control line 102, performs the transfer of the transmission right and manages the state of the transmission right within its own processing device, a data transmission unit 104 which starts data transmission when the transmission right is valid and holds the data transmission when the transmission right is invalid, and a state initialization unit 106 which sets the initial state of the transmission right so that the transmission right of only one processing device is made to be valid at the initialization are included.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of sending data packets from a server to a client. The client simultaneously uses at a constant rate D, the data that it receives. A stream of data packets from the server to the client is composed of a main stream P, a retransmission stream R for sending again the packets that have not been received by the client and an advance stream A for accumulating data at the client. The rate of the main stream P is fixed at D and the rate of the advance stream A is fixed at a given value when the rate of the retransmission stream R is zero. The rate of the advance stream A is zero and the sum of the rates of the main stream P and of the retransmission stream R are fixed at the rate D when the rate of the retransmission stream R is not zero or when the client has accumulated data beyond a given threshold S. A packet sent by the server but not received by the client is sent again to the client a given time ?T after it was first sent, the time ?T satisfying ?T×D<S.

Abstract: Recovery is provided in a timing network. A configuration is defined for that network, and in that configuration, an active primary server is identified that provides a clock source for the network. Additionally, an alternate server is identified that can perform the role of the active primary server, should the active primary server fail. In response to a failure of the primary server, the alternate server detects the failure and performs takeover of the primary server.

Abstract: A RAID capacity expansion interruption recovery handling method and system is proposed, which is designed for use with a RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) unit for providing a capacity-expansion interruption recovery function that allows the RAID unit to recover after an event of an unexpected interruption to a capacity-expansion procedure that builds data from an original disk set to a newly-added disk. The proposed method and system is characterized by the capability of continuously recording the addresses of blocks that have been rebuilt in the original disk set and the newly-added disk to a permanent storage medium, such that in the event of any unexpected interruption, the address of the last block that has been rebuilt can be stored as a checkpoint. After the RAID unit is reset, the checkpoint can then be used as a recovery point for the uncompleted capacity expansion procedure without having to restart all over again from the beginning point.

Abstract: A multiple computer system incorporating redundancy is disclosed. Data to be stored (A, B, C) is distributed (A1, A2, A3, . . . B1, B2, B3, . . . C1, C2, C3, . . . ) amongst a multiplicity of computers (M1, M2, . . . Mn). A parity form (P[A], P[B], . . . ) of the stored data is created by use of a reversible encoding process. The parity form data is preferably cycled amongst the various computers. In the event of failure of one of the computers the lost data can be re-generated.

Abstract: A method and an electrical system for a vehicle. A digital information carrier sends digital data on. A first computing device is arranged to execute an installed first application software. A second computing device includes an installed backup application software, identical to the first application software. The second computing device is configured to execute an installed second application software different from the first application software. The second computing device is configured to initiate an execution of the installed backup application software when an error occurs in the first computing device in parallel with the execution of the second application software.

Abstract: A data line repair mechanism for a display including a data driver, a plurality of data lines, at least one rescue line is disclosed, wherein each data line includes a second end and a first end coupled to the data driver, the rescue line is coupled to the data driver, and when a first data line fails, the rescue line is coupled to the second end of the first data line via a single one weld point. The mechanism includes an address storage unit storing the addresses of the first data line and rescue line, and a data processor receiving an input data to output an output data to the data driver, wherein the input data includes a first display data corresponding to the first data line, and the first display data is transmitted to the rescue line based on the addresses of the first data line and rescue line.

Abstract: A method for executing a computer program on computing hardware, e.g., on a microprocessor, is provided, the computer program including multiple program objects and errors being detected in this method while the computer program is running on the computing hardware. When an error is detected, at least one program object, which has already been sent for execution, is transferred into a defined state and is restarted from there, and subsequent additional program objects are shifted.

Abstract: An error correction device is a device detecting and correcting an error of uncorrected data. The error correction device includes a temporary storage buffer (data buffer) having a storage area divided into a plurality of units and storing the uncorrected data divided into storage area units, and an error correction part (error correction circuit) repeatedly performing detecting an error of the uncorrected data stored in the temporary storage buffer, correcting the detected error, and writing the corrected error into the temporary storage buffer for each storage area unit. The error correction part corrects the error of the uncorrected data for storage area unit of the temporary storage buffer to successively write the corrected data into the temporary storage buffer.

Abstract: A radio communications device (102) that has multiple receive antennas processes received data communications signals to select between space time coding and spatial multiplexing as a selected transmission technique from a base device (104) that has multiple transmit antennas. A channel throughput (402-412, 450-454) for each transmission technique is estimated based on signal to interference and noise ratios (502-512, 550-554) of signals being transmitted through a MIMO channel (140) as measured by a receiver (708). The transmission technique with the higher estimated throughput is determined. If spatial multiplexing is determined to have the higher estimated throughput and the throughput of each layer of the spatially multiplexed signal is greater than a threshold, spatial multiplexing is selected. Otherwise, space time coding is selected.

Abstract: To achieve a greater flexibility when transmitting data according to a hybrid ARQ method, preferably when used in a mobile radio system, a channel-coded bit stream is divided into at lest one first bit stream (A) and one second bit stream (B, C), whereby these parallel bit streams (A-C) are each subjected to a separate bit rate matching, and the resulting bits of the individual bit streams (A-C) are subsequently combined with one another once again in order to transmit in a data packet or in a repeat data packet that is requested on the receiver side.

Abstract: A digital content transmission and reception system that uses feedback and re-transmission of missing content is described. A content transmission system broadcasts a complete set of digital content to a plurality of content reception systems via a communication link. A content reception system receives a corresponding incomplete set of digital content, determines particular content portions that are missing, and provided feedback indicating the missing content portions to the content distribution system. The content distribution system the re-transmits content based on the feedback.

Abstract: The disclosed invention includes a method for automatically recovering memory in a zero copy messaging system. In the method, ownership can be established between process executing in different processing units and allocated portions of a shared memory pool. The shared memory pool can be remotely located from the processing units. Ownership or control data of the allocated memory portions can be changed when control of the memory is transferred from one of the processes to another. Allocated portions of memory can be automatically recovered when processes owning the allocated portions are unexpectedly aborted before the allocated portions are able to be explicitly deallocated.

Abstract: A system for planning and verifying off-site disaster recovery plans as well as implementing alternate fall back operations in the event of a disaster. The system includes at least one primary mainframe computer having an inboard catalog component, a primary emulated device controller connected to the primary computer, and a primary virtual tape system connected to the primary computer. A primary virtual tape system catalog is connected to the primary virtual tape system. A disaster recovery administrator using remote management tools maintains user and resource profiles and controls configuration of the primary emulated device controller and the primary virtual tape system.

Abstract: A video communication arrangement includes a transmitter for transmitting a digitally encoded video stream to a receiver associated with a video rendering device. The digitally encoded video stream including a plurality of frames. The arrangement also includes a frame locator for identifying locations from which the frames are available for retrieval and a signal analysis system for analyzing a return signal received from the receiver to determine if a degraded signal condition exists between the transmitter and receiver sufficient to cause improper reception by the receiver. A recovery system is provided for retrieving at least one replacement frame if the degraded signal condition exists and for causing the replacement frame to be re-transmitted to the receiver.

Abstract: In a computer system wherein plural servers are connected with an external disk device via a network, each server incorporates therein a logic partition module for configuring at least one logic partition in the server, and the operating system stored in the logic partition is booted by the boot disk of an external disk device, the failover operation is performed only for the logic partition affected by a failure when the task being executed by a working server is taken over by another server at the time of the failure occurring in the working server.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus capable of effectively controlling retransmission. In this wireless communication apparatus (100), a frame aggregation part (111) aggregates basic unit data units (e.g., MPDUs) and adds a header thereto to form an aggregated frame. In response to a retransmission request from a receiving station (wireless communication apparatus (200)) as to the aggregated frame, a frame dividing part (112) divides the data part of the aggregated frame into segmented data blocks to form segmented frames. A frame control part (170) classifies the segmented frames into some groups in accordance with the reception qualities, at the receiving station, of the segmented data blocks of the aggregated frame. A transmission control part (185) transmits only the segmented frames of a group the reception quality of which is below a predetermined level.

Abstract: An online test platform facilitates the configuration, development, delivery, and management of educational tests with interactive participation by students, teachers, proctors, and administrators even when some or all of them are remotely located. The platform may include an installation protocol to configure a computing facility and prevent other applications from executing during an exam, administrator interfaces, test proctor interfaces, and test taker (e.g. student) interfaces to allow each participant to view, navigate, and interact with aspects of the online test platform that are intended to meet their needs.

Abstract: A method for recovering errors on a multiple disk system. The method including the steps of (a) determining a location and type for one or more errors in a plurality of blocks on the multiple disk system, (B) determining a current error of the one or more errors that is closest to a start of the plurality of blocks, (C) recovering data for the current error using data read from drives other than the drive containing the current error and (D) determining whether any further errors are present on the drive that contained the current error.

Abstract: A method for identifying an error cause affecting the configuration of a network element (110) controlled by a network manager (100) is described. The method includes the step of transmitting from the network element (110) to the network manager (100) a message (5) including a first field (30, 40) for indicating if a configuration error occurs in the network element (110). The message further includes a second field (50) for indicating the configuration error cause, wherein the configuration error cause is dynamically selected out from a configuration information stored into the network element (110).

Abstract: A storage array disposed in a data storage system is reconfigured. A data storage system is supplied comprising a plurality of data storage devices, wherein each of the plurality of data storage devices is assigned to one of a plurality of data storage arrays, or is assigned as a spare device. An unassigned data storage device is detected. If any of the plurality of data storage arrays comprises an intermixed data storage array, the storage array is reconfigured to restore the intermixed data storage array to a homogeneous technology class comprising the unassigned device. If any of the plurality of data storage arrays comprises a degraded data storage array, the storage array is reconfigured to restore the degraded storage array to optimal reliability, optimal performance, and optimal efficiency.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject matter described herein relate to system state changes. In aspects, a state change monitor detects a state change, determines whether the state change is within a set of state changes that are monitored, and, if so, logs data regarding the state change. The data and any other data needed to rollback the state change is exported to other nodes. The other nodes may store the data for rollback or migration purposes and/or adjust their operation so that they may operate correctly in view of the state change.

Abstract: A storage control apparatus of the present invention reduces the frequency of disk drive failures. An error management part manages the number of times errors occur in respective disk drives. A disk drive in which the number of errors meets or exceeds a threshold value is selected as a disk drive to be restarted. A restart control part commences difference management prior to restarting the disk drive targeted for restart. A difference management part manages parity group-related update locations using a difference bitmap. After commencing difference management, the restart control part restarts the disk drive in which the error was detected. This makes it possible to resolve an error caused by a firmware hangup or the like.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods, and distributed data-storage systems employing the methods, for recovering redundancy within a distributed data-storage system upon failure of one or more mass-storage devices within a component data-storage system of the distributed data-storage system. In certain embodiments, failure of a mass-storage device within a component data-storage system elicits a redundancy-recovery operation in which segments affected by the mass-storage-device failure or failures are moved, by a process referred to as “migration,” to other component data-storage systems of the distributed data-storage system, and are recovered as a by-product of migration.

Abstract: A system and program for decoding cached compressed data. Compressed data is received and decoded. An error is detected while decoding a first location in the compressed data. A reentry data set is accessed having a pointer to a second location in the compressed data following the first location and decoding information that enables decoding to start from the second location. The second location in the compressed data is accessed and the decoding information in the accessed reentry data set is used to continue decoding the compressed data from the second location.

Abstract: A migration framework provides for the migration of services in a cluster. A migratable target contains a list of servers in the cluster capable of hosting a migratable service. A migration manager can migrate the service between servers in the migratable target, and can activate an instance of the service on the selected host server. The migration manager ensures that only one active instance of the service exists in the cluster. A service stub can serve a user request on servers in the migration target, such as by order of preference, until the user request is served on the server hosting the active instance. A lease manager can assign a lease period to determine how long a server hosts an active instance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for data repair in a system capable of one-to-many transmission. The method comprises transmitting data from a sender to at least one receiver and provides for various sender driven or receiver driven repair methods of missing data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for efficiently controlling buffers which support a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) in a wireless communication system. Buffer regions for the HARQ scheme are not fixedly allocated according to channel identification information, but are allocated from the viewpoint of one overall memory through aggregation support. That is, an HARQ buffer is dynamically controlled. Therefore, there are the effects reducing the size of the entire chip, as well as reducing power consumption of the entire system according to the reduction of the chip size.

Abstract: A user equipment comprises a transmitter and an adaptive modulation and coding controller. The transmitter is configured to transmit data over an air interface in a single transmission time interval with a first specified modulation and coding scheme, where the single transmission time interval has a plurality of transport block sets. In response to receiving a repeat request for retransmission of at least one particular transport block set, the transmitter retransmits the at least one of the particular transport block sets. The adaptive modulation and coding controller is configured to change the specified modulation and coding scheme to a second specified modulation and coding scheme, enabling a combining of a particular transport block set transmitted at the first specified modulation and coding scheme with a retransmitted version of the particular transport block set transmitted at the second specified modulation and coding scheme.

Abstract: In the event of a virally infected MBR on a hard disk drive that might prevent booting, a service MBR in a hidden protected area (HPA) can be used to boot a service O.S., and then the service MBR can be replaced with a previously backed-up MBR, also in the HPA, to mount any missing partitions.

Abstract: A system having a transmission unit transmitting an output data signal formed from output data and related error detection code and a corresponding receiving unit. The output data signal is pre-emphasized by a pre-emphasis driver in the transmission unit. The receiving unit includes an equalizer equalizing the received output data signal and an error detector analyzing the error detection code to determine whether a bit error is present in the received data. Upon successive data transmission failures either an equalization coefficient in the equalizer or a pre-emphasis coefficient in the pre-emphasis driver are changed.