Abstract: A process is provided for improving the color number of polyhydric alcohols, especially trimethylolpropane, by catalytic hydrogenation, the polyhydric alcohol used in the hydrogenation having been purified by distillation following its preparation, wherein the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a macroporous supported heterogeneous catalyst containing, as the active metal, at least one metal of subgroups VII to X of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzylphenol derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R11 represents a hydrogen atom or a protected hydroxy(lower alkyl) group; and R12 represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkyl) group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkoxy) group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkylthio) group, a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkyl) group, a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkoxy) group or a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkylthio) group; with the proviso that R12 is not a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group or a methoxy group when R11 is a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof, which are used as intermediates for making glucopyranosyloxybenzylbenzene compounds having inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful in treating diseases associated with hyperglycemia, such as diabetes.

Abstract: An activated, substantially water soluble poly(ethylene glycol) is provided having of a linear or branched poly(ethylene glycol) backbone and at least one terminus linked to the backbone through a hydrolytically stable linkage, wherein the terminus is branched and has proximal reactive groups. The free reactive groups are capable of reacting with active moieties in a biologically active agent such as a protein or peptide thus forming conjugates between the activated poly(ethylene glycol) and the biologically active agent.

Abstract: The invention provides coating compositions comprising a reactive component (a) which is substantially free of any heteratoms and is a not a crystalline solid at room temperature and which comprises from (i) 12 to 72 carbon atoms, and (ii) at least two functional groups, and (b) a crosslinking agent comprising a plurality of functional groups (iii) reactive with the functional groups (ii) of compound (a), wherein functional groups (ii) and (iii) are selected such that reaction there between produces a thermally irreversible chemical linkage. The coating compositions of the invention provide improved solids, chip resistance, flexibility and/or scratch & mar resistance while maintaining desirable and/or improved performance characteristics with regard to environmental etch, relative humidity, QCT, chip resistance, thermoshock resistance, cold crack resistance, adhesion and the like.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for oxidation reactions are disclosed. The catalysts comprise a polymer-encapsulated titanium zeolite. The catalysts are easy to prepare and use, they are easy to recover and reuse, and they provide good conversions in a variety of important oxidation processes. The invention includes a process which comprises oxidizing an organic compound in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a polymer-encapsulated titanium zeolite. In one example, the organic compound is propylene and the reaction product is propylene oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for catalytic autothermal steam reforming of alcohols having two or more carbon atoms by directing a preheated educt or reactant mixture of the alcohols, oxygen and water or steam over a catalyst. The process is conducted in an adiabatic manner wherein the catalyst comprises at least one platinum group metal on an oxidic support selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide or mixed oxides thereof and zeolites, and that the educt or reactant mixture contains additional hydrocarbons, which are reformed at the same time as the alcohols.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing optically active alcohols, amines and derivatives thereof by reacting aldehydes or imines at a temperature of less than 15° C. in the presence of a chiral, enantiomerically pure auxiliary with an organozinc halide which is obtained from zinc and a reactive halogen compound, and water, acid or base, or an alkylating, arylating, acylating or silylating reagent is subsequently added.

Abstract: Disclosed are multibinding compounds which are ?2 adrenergic receptor agonists and are useful in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis. They are also useful in the treatment of nervous system injury and premature labor.

Abstract: An alkali metal alkoxide or alkaline earth metal alkoxide in granular form.

Abstract: A Compound corresponding to formula (I): wherein X is a group selected from the group consisting of —CHO, —CN, —CH?NOH, and —CH2OH, and wherein the C?C double bond assumes a Z or E configuration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and its utilization in a process comprising the step of carrying out an addition reaction of an alkylene oxide to an addition-receiving substance in the presence of a resin catalyst, thereby producing the addition reaction product, when the resin catalyst as used for the reaction is persevered so as to recycle it after it is recovered, the unreacted alkylene oxide remaining in the resin catalyst can be prevented from polymerizing and solidifying during the preservation, and the resin catalyst accordingly can be preserved stably for a long time. The resin catalyst as recovered after it is used for the reaction may be preserved under any of the following conditions: 1) at a low temperature of not higher than 40° C.

Abstract: A detergent composition having cold water solubility and exhibiting high calcium tolerance can be produced from biodegradable branched ether derivative compositions derived from a branched ether primary alcohol represented by the formula: 1

Abstract: An alkyl gycol ether having the following formula 1

Abstract: A drill stem stabilizer used in a decoking apparatus that includes a drill stem and a drilling structure on which the drill stem is supported for vertical movement above and within a coke drum. The stabilizer includes a bearing and a support member. The bearing is adapted to guide the longitudinal movement of the drill stem. The support member extends laterally from the bearing and attaches to the drilling structure, and maintains the bearing in a position to guide the drill stem as it is moved into or out of the coke drum. In one embodiment, the drilling structure includes a pair of substantially vertical guide rails, and the support member attaches to the guide rails.

Abstract: A process for treating organic compounds includes providing a composition which includes a substantially mesoporous structure of silica containing at least 97% by volume of pores having a pore size ranging from about 15 Å to about 30 Å and having a micropore volume of at least about 0.01 cc/g, wherein the mesoporous structure has incorporated therewith at least about 0.02% by weight of at least one catalytically and/or chemically active heteroatom selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zn, Fe, Sn, Mo, Ga, Ni, Co, In, Zr, Mn, Cu, Mg, Pd, Pt and W, and the catalyst has an X-ray diffraction pattern with one peak at 0.3° to about 3.5° at 2&thgr;.

Abstract: The invention relates to new improved double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts for the preparation of polyether-polyols by polyaddition of alkylene oxides on to starter compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, the catalyst comprising a double-metal cyanide compound, an organic complexing ligand and 5-80 wt. %, based on the amount of catalyst, of a polyester. For the preparation of polyether-polyols, the new improved catalysts have significantly shortened induction times and at the same time a greatly increased activity.

Abstract: A condensed phosphoric ester having a very low content of isopropenyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate, which reduces heat resistance and causes the contamination of molds during the molding when the condensed phosphoric ester is used as an additive for a resin, is provided by a process including a first step of reacting a phosphorus oxytrihalide with a bisphenol A derivative at a specific ratio to prepare a phosphorohalidate; a second step of removing unreacted phosphorus oxytrihalide; a third step of reacting the reaction product obtained in the second step with a monophenol-based compound at a temperature equal to or lower than 120° C.; and a fourth step of reacting the phosphorohalidate with the monophenol-based compound at a temperature equal to or higher than 120° C.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-purity, condensed phosphoric ester made of a bisphenol A derivative and having a very low content of monomer-type phosphoric ester that causes reduction in the heat resistance and the contamination of the molds during the molding when the condensed phosphoric ester is used as an additive for a resin. According to the present invention, a bisphenol A derivative, a phosphorus oxytrihalide and a hydroxy compound are reacted in the presence of a decomposition retardant, whereby the above problems can be solved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkylated dihydroxybenzene by alkylating dihydroxy benzene with tertiary butyl alcohol in the presence of a solid acid/solid polymer catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst which contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group V elements, Group VI elements, Group VII elements, Group VIII elements, Group IX elements, Group X elements, and Group XI elements in the periodic table, and is to be used for subjecting an epoxy alcohol represented by a general formula (1) to a hydrogenolysis reaction in the presence of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of ethers, esters, aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. By use of such a catalyst, a both end-hydroxyl group-terminated diol having a high purity can be produced efficiently.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing methanol comprising producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, allowing reaction of the synthesis gas to take place over a catalyst to produce a crude methanol, separating the crude methanol into unreacted gas and liquid crude methanol, and distilling the liquid crude methanol to separate it into refined methanol and waste water. Carbon dioxide in combustion exhaust gas to be discharged from a reformer is recovered, and that in feeding the carbon dioxide to the upstream side and/or the downstream side of the reformer, part of the unreacted gas is utilized as a purge gas, a portion of which being utilized as a fuel for a combustion device of the reformer, while the balance of the purge gas being utilized as a fuel for other heating sources and/or as an agent for desulfurizating raw gas.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the structure (I) where R1 is a lower alkyl group, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is each independently hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R6 is hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, an alkylidene group or a lower alkenyl group and R7 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, have desirable odor properties, possibly of a blackcurrant, green, buchu, cassis nature, and find use in perfumes and perfumed products.

Abstract: An alkali metal alkoxide or alkaline earth metal alkoxide in granular form.

Abstract: The invention provides coating compositions comprising a reactive component (a) which is substantially free of any heteratoms and is a not a crystalline solid at room temperature and which comprises from (i) 12 to 72 carbon atoms, and (ii) at least two functional groups, and (b) a crosslinking agent comprising a plurality of functional groups (iii) reactive with the functional groups (ii) of compound (a), wherein functional groups (ii) and (iii) are selected such that reaction there between produces a thermally irreversible chemical linkage. The coating compositions of the invention provide improved solids, chip resistance, flexibility and/or scratch & mar resistance while maintaining desirable and/or improved performance characteristics with regard to environmental etch, relative humidity, QCT, chip resistance, thermoshock resistance, cold crack resistance, adhesion and the like.

Abstract: A modifier for hydrophilicity and a hydrophilic modification method which are capable of suppressing not only the odor of the resulting hydrophilic coat itself but also the unpleasant odor emanation after exposure to odorants and retaining the hydrophilicity even during a long period of use, and an aluminum material or aluminum alloy material by said hydrophilic modification method, which is used suitably for heat exchangers and the like are provided.

Abstract: A modifier for hydrophilicity and a hydrophilic modification method which are capable of suppressing not only the odor of the resulting hydrophilic coat itself but also the unpleasant odor emanation after exposure to odorants and retaining the hydrophilicity even during a long period of use, and an aluminum material or aluminum alloy material by said hydrophilic modification method, which is used suitably for heat exchangers and the like are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to cycloalkyl derivatives, a process for their preparation and their use.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing methanol comprises producing a synthesis gas, Recovering carbon dioxide from combustion exhaust gas by a carbon dioxide recovery apparatus provided with a carbon dioxide absorption tower and a carbon dioxide-absorbing solution regenerating tower, feeding the carbon dioxide to the upstream side and/or the downstream side of a reformer, allowing reaction of the synthesis gas to produce a reaction product, recovering a liquid crude methanol, and distilling the liquid crude methanol in a distillation apparatus provided with a topping tower, a pressure distillation tower and an atmospheric distillation tower to isolate refined methanol. Bottom liquid of the topping tower is heated and introduced into the pressure distillation tower, and the heat of distilled liquid discharged from this tower is utilized as a heat source for the regenerating tower and as a heat source for the atmospheric distillation tower.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of novel, partially crystalline polyether polyols with a functionality of ≧2, an average molecular weight Mn of 500 to 100,000 and a molar proportion of isotactic triads determining the crystallinity of >28%. The new polyether polyols are prepared by polymerizing alkylene oxides in the presence of a bimetallic :-oxoalkoxide modified with hydroxyl compounds.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing benzonitrile derivative (formula 1) is subjected to a reduction reaction to obtain a fluorine-containing benzylamine derivative (formula 2), and the amino group in said fluorine-containing benzylamine derivative is replaced with a hydroxyl group to obtain a fluorine-containing benzyl alcohol derivative (formula 3): wherein X is a halogen atom, when m is an integer of 2 or more, each X may be the same or different, and m is an integer of from 0 to 4.

Abstract: Non-chiral and, in particular, optically active alcohols are prepared from a carbonyl compound with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, a base and optionally a diamine in an advantageous manner if a catalyst it used which contains both a support-bonded Ru(II) complex bisphosphine liquid and also a diamine ligand.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing dihydroxybenzene, which comprises the steps of: (1) oxidizing diisopropylbenzene to obtain a reaction mixture containing di(2-dihydroperoxy-2-propyl)benzene; (2) cleaving di(2-dihydroperoxy-2-propyl)benzene in the reaction mixture to obtain a mixture containing crude dihydroxybenzene; (3) distilling the mixture containing crude dihydroxybenzene to obtain a fraction containing acetone from a low boiling side, and a fraction containing dihydroxybenzene from a high boiling side; (4) distilling the fraction containing dihydroxybenzene obtained in the above-mentioned step (3) to obtain a fraction containing dihydroxybenzene from a low boiling side, and a fraction containing heavy material from a high boiling side; and (5) mixing the fraction containing dihydroxybenzene obtained in the above-mentioned step (4) with water, and contacting the resulting mixture with an extraction solvent, followed by separating into an aqueous layer containing dihydroxybenzene and an oily

Abstract: The versatile multi-purpose packing with the special structure has at least twofold functionality and contains material separation elements and second functionality elements provided in alternate layers, wherein the material separation elements have a profiled surface, and each of the second functionality elements has two or more closed chambers provided on top of each other and filled with a physically, chemically or biologically active packing material in terms of the second functionality.

Abstract: A method and a catalyst are described for selective oxidation of aromatic compounds (e.g., benzene and its derivatives) into hydroxylated aromatic compounds (e.g., corresponding phenols). For example, benzene can be converted into phenol with a yield of at least 30-40%, and a selectivity on the basis of benzene of at least 95-97%. The selectivity for this reaction based on N2O is at least 90-95%. Therefore, no substantial N2O decomposition or consumption for complete benzene oxidation to CO+CO2 or other side products occurs. Similar results are obtained with benzene derivatives (e.g., fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, phenol), although the selectivity is somewhat lower in the case of derivatives (e.g., about 80-85% in the case of fluorosubstituted benzenes). A preferred catalyst for this process is a composition containing a high-silica pentasil-type zeolite (e.g, an HZSM-5 type zeolite) which contains no purposefully introduced additives such as transition or noble metals.

Abstract: Novel and useful optical active 2-aralkyl-3-sulfonyloxy-1-propanol and 2-aralkyl-3-sulfonyloxypropionic acid are provided by using an optical active 2-aralkyl-3-acyloxy-1-propanol as a starting material. Furthermore, an optical active 2-aralkyl-3-thiopropionic acid, which is an important intermediate of enkephalinase inhibitor, is provided. According to the present invention, industrially useful optical active sulfonic acid ester derivatives can be provided.

Abstract: A method and a catalyst are described for selective oxidation of aromatic compounds (e.g., benzene and its derivatives) into hydroxylated aromatic compounds (e.g., corresponding phenols). For example, benzene can be converted into phenol with a yield of at least 30-40%, and a selectivity on the basis of benzene of at least 95-97%. The selectivity for this reaction based on N2O is at least 90-95%. Therefore, no substantial N2O decomposition or consumption for complete benzene oxidation to CO+CO2 or other side products occurs. Similar results are obtained with benzene derivatives (e.g., fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, phenol), although the selectivity is somewhat lower in the case of derivatives (e.g., about 80-85% in the case of fluorosubstituted benzenes). A preferred catalyst for this process is a composition containing a high-silica pentasil-type zeolite (e.g, an HZSM-5 type zeolite) which contains no purposefully introduced additives such as transition or noble metals.

Abstract: An activated, substantially water soluble poly(ethylene glycol) is provided having of a linear or branched poly(ethylene glycol) backbone and at least one terminus linked to the backbone through a hydrolytically stable linkage, wherein the terminus is branched and has proximal reactive groups. The free reactive groups are capable of reacting with active moieties in a biologically active agent such as a protein or peptide thus forming conjugates between the activated poly(ethylene glycol) and the biologically active agent.

Abstract: Using the process according to the invention, it is possible to provide, with few reaction steps, a novel route to &agr;-substituted ring systems, which optionally have further substituents.

Abstract: 2,2-Difluoro HETE derivatives and methods of their use for treating dry eye are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tandem process of reduction and host-guest complexation using metal-hydride complexes to reduce chemical entities bearing carbonyl groups or their equivalents, and host-guest complexation to achieve improved optical resolution of the reduction product. In the complexation step, the reduction product is optically resolved via inclusion into the crystalline complex where it resides as guest and another complex component acts as host. Additional crystallization stages are performed if further improvements in the enantiomeric excess is desired.

Abstract: The family of dyes of the invention are fluoresceins and rhodols that are directly substituted on one or more aromatic carbons by fluorine. These fluorine-substituted fluorescent dyes possess greater photostability and have lower sensitivity to pH changes in the physiological range of 6-8 than do non-fluorinated dyes, exhibit less quenching when conjugated to a substance, and possess additional advantages. The dyes of the invention are useful as detectable tracers and for preparing conjugates of organic and inorganic substances.

Abstract: Molded polyurethane articles are made by reacting polyisocyanates with polyol compositions obtained by chemical decomposition of polyurethane and/or polyurea waste in a mold. The polyol compositions employed in this invention have an OH value of from about 100 to about 500 mg KOH/g, a water content of from 0 to about 5 wt. % and a viscosity at 20.degree. C. of more than 2,000 mPa.s. These molded polyurethane articles preferably have a sandwich structure in which the core is a polyurethane and there is at least one outer layer made from an optionally fiber-reinforced plastic material. These molded polyurethane articles are useful in the motor vehicle, furniture, machine and equipment manufacturing industries.

Abstract: The asymmetric production of pure diastereomeric (2R,3R), (2R,3S), (2S,3R) and (2S,3S)-2-aryl-1-substituted butan-2,3-diols from the derivatives of lactic acid.

Abstract: A universal polymer support containing an organic aliphatic molecule of structure ##STR1## having at least a pair of cis-hydroxyl groups where one of the hydroxyl groups is attached to the polymer support through a covalent linkage and the other hydroxyl group is protected by an acid labile group.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel polyene alcohol derivative of the formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxy group, andY represents the following group: ##STR2## wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxy group, and Y represents the following group, and a production method thereof.

Abstract: The propylene oxide and styrene co-production process generates a heavy residue byproduct containing metals, mainly sodium, which previously was adequate for use only as low quality fuel. According to the invention, the heavy residue is dehydrated in the presence of a strong inorganic acid at temperatures of 150-250.degree. C. and pressures below the atmospheric pressure to yield styrene and recover 2-phenylethanol, a compound used in the perfume industry, and a heavy residue substantially free of metals that may be used as fuel.

Abstract: Shaped catalyst compositions are disclosed comprising (i) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, cobalt and iron, (ii) calcium silicate and (iii) at least one clay material. Also disclosed are a process for preparing the foregoing shaped compositions and a process for hydrogenating aldehydes, ketone, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters and nitro aroniate compounds using these shaped catalysts.

Abstract: A method for producing an alcohol including the steps of continuously supplying and flowing starting materials of an alcohol in a reducing reactor; and carrying out catalytic reduction reaction of the starting materials with hydrogen gas in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. In this method, the catalytic reduction reaction of the starting materials is carried out under temperature conditions of not less than a dew point of the resulting alcohol, and the starting materials of an alcohol are brought in contact with hydrogen gas in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, in which at least one substance selected from the group consisting of starting materials of an alcohol, alcohols, wax esters, and hydrocarbons is present in a liquid form on a surface or within pores of the hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: Thus, there is provided according to the present invention polyol compositions comprising(A) a polytetramethylene ether glycol, and(B) a trifunctional active hydrogen compound-initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having a degree of unsaturation of not greater than 0.04 milliequivalents per gram of said polyether polyol.

Abstract: The compounds of formula ##STR1## in which R stands for a methyl or ethyl group, are used as perfume ingredients for the preparation of perfuming compositions and perfumed articles, to which they confer aromatic and thujonic notes. The compounds can be used in the form of a mixture of enantiomers or in an enantiomerically pure state. The invention also comprises original processes for the preparation of these compounds.