Abstract: A motor has a rotor mounted on a stator to rotate about a rotation axis. The rotor is driven due to the interaction of a drive coil on the stator and a permanent magnet on the rotor. A magnetic thrust bearing, having permanent magnets on the stator and rotor, applies a radial thrust force. The radially outer surface of the permanent magnet on the rotor abuts a part of the rotor, so as to resist forces on the permanent magnet at high speed rotation or due to thermal deformation. The permanent magnets on the stator and the rotor may be axially offset by an offset of not more than 1/4 the axial length of the permanent magnets, or the axial length of the longer of the permanent magnets if they have different axial lengths. This generates an axial thrust at the thrust bearing, which counteracts the attractive force between the permanent magnet and the drive coil, and also the weight of the rotor.

Abstract: A superconductive rotor, such as an electric generator rotor, has a cylindrical-shaped solid (e.g., iron) core having a pair of diametrically-opposed and longitudinally-extending slots. A longitudinally-extending, racetrack-shaped superconductive coil surrounds the solid core and has straight portions located in the slots. A longitudinally extending, racetrack-shaped thermal shield generally encloses the superconductive coil and has generally straight portions located in the slots. The thermal shield is generally spaced apart from the superconductive coil and from the solid core. A pair of end shafts are each attached to the solid core and are spaced apart from the thermal shield. One end shaft has a cryogen transfer coupling for cooling the superconductive coil, preferably with gaseous helium.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed superconducting magnet motor includes a rotor separated from a stator by either a radial gap, an axial gap, or a combined axial and radial gap. Dual conically shaped stators are used in one embodiment to levitate a disc-shaped rotor made of superconducting material within a conduit for moving cryogenic fluid. As the rotor is caused to rotate when the field stator is energized, the fluid is pumped through the conduit.

Abstract: A superconducting rotating machine comprises a cylindrical frame, a stator installed integrally around an inner periphery of the cylindrical frame and a rotor arranged concentrically and rotatably within the stator in a juxtaposed spaced relationship to the inner surfaces of the stator and with a cylindrical clearance between the inner periphery of the stator and the outer periphery of the rotor. The stator coil includes a primary coil having extra fine Cu filaments and a secondary coil having extra fine filaments made of a superconducting alloy containing Cu, Nb.sub.3 Sn, V.sub.3 Ga, V.sub.3 Ge, Bi, Ca, CuO and Sr. The secondary coil is covered with an insulating layer. Even if a conventional rotatable cryogenic container is not provided, a strong anomalous pseudo-Josephson effect can be obtained. A superconducting generator for use in lighting equipment is also disclosed.

Abstract: A motor/generator that is operable in an inductive mode during a startup phase and in a synchronous mode thereafter. Superconductor material is included in either the stator or the rotator and a magnetic field generator is included in the other of these two members. Induced fields in a torque-shield provide coupling between the stator and the rotor during the startup phase and then a trapped field in the superconductor provides coupling between the stator and the rotor thereafter.

Abstract: An electric generator using imploding plasma dynamics for generating electric energy from fuel energy, which includes a substantially cylindrical vortex chamber bounded by a cylindrical chamber wall having an axis, an inward curved fuel inlet end wall, and an opposite inward curved exhaust end wall; a shroud surrounding the vortex chamber forming an air space between the chamber wall and the shroud; at least one air inlet entering the air space at an angle tangential to the air space; air compressor means fluidly communicating with the air inlet for injecting air into the air space; fuel-air mixture injection means disposed in the fuel inlet end wall; a mixing chamber in the fuel-air mixture injection means for mixing fuel with the air fluidly communicatng with the air space; a plasma expansion cone having an inlet fluidly communicating with the mixing chamber for receiving fuel-air mixture from the mixing chamber; ignition means in the plasma expansion cone for igniting the fuel-air mixture, and forming at l

Abstract: A bearing device for supporting a rotary body relative to a fixed portion in a noncontact state includes a superconducting bearing assembly comprising an annular permanent magnet portion fixedly mounted on the rotary body concentrically therewith and an annular superconductor portion disposed as opposed to the permanent magnet portion. A magnetic bearing assembly is disposed axially away from the superconducting bearing assembly and comprises electromagnets for controlling the position of the rotary body with respect to two radial directions orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the formation and build up of encrusted matter upon the outer surface of an electro-expulsive blanket utilizing the principles of stress and strain.

Abstract: A commutator employs superconducting switches to commutate currents in the field stator of a dc machine. The switches couple the machine's stator windings to a DC link. The switches are exposed to magnetic fields of alternating strengths, turning on and off in a sequence that maintains a constant torque angle between the stator's mmf vector and the flux vector of the machine's rotor or that rectifies a current induced into the stator by the machine's rotor.

Abstract: An electric power generating system including a plurality of individual magnetic field sources each producing a magnetic field in a distinct region; a plurality of electrical conductors each disposed in a different one of regions so as to be linked by flux lines of the magnetic fields therein; a superconductive shield maintained at a temperature sufficient to achieve a superconducting state thereof; and a motive mechanism for producing movement of the superconductive shield with respect to the magnetic field sources such that the superconductive shield sequentially moves through the regions to intercept at least a portion of the magnetic field therein and thereby vary the magnetic flux linked with the conductor therein and thereby produce therein an electromagnetic force.

Abstract: An energy converting apparatus is provided for converting liquid fuel to electrical and mechanical energy, including an exhaust chamber with external walls and an exhaust port; a gas turbine rotor in the exhaust chamber, with a central air inlet, a fuel inlet, a central exhaust gas inlet and a plurality of tangentially oriented gas ports. Air compressor means are provided for injecting air into the air inlet; fuel delivery means are provided for injecting fuel into the fuel inlet; an inwardly curved end wall in the exhaust chamber serves for receiving and reflecting exhaust gases ejected from the exhaust gas ports and maintaining an imploding vortex, wherein the imploding vortex is reflected back from the curved end wall. The imploding vortex forms electric charges on the external walls and the exhaust gases are ejected from the exhaust gas ports to turn the turbine rotor. Electrical take-off means are provided for taking off the electrical charges as electrical energy.

Abstract: A motor (10) comprises a stator (14) having an associated stator winding (24) formed of a conventional material such as copper, or of a superconductive material. A rotor (12) for the motor is also formed of a superconductive material. The rotor is placed in a cryostat (16) and cooled from a first temperature which is above a critical level to a second temperature which is below the level. The stator is placed in a second and separate cryostat (18) and the stator winding is energized while the rotor temperature is being lowered to below the critical level. Once the superconductive material of the rotor has been cooled to a level below the critical level, the stator winding is de-energized. Currents are now induced in the superconductive material of the rotor to trap or maintain magnetic flux therein. Thereafter, the rotor acts as a permanent magnet so long as it is maintained below the critical temperature.

Abstract: An electro-expulsive device in the form of discrete units having a redundancy feature, minimal susceptibility to fatigue failure with a provision for transferring shock waves to and from abutting units.

Abstract: An explosive flux compression generator is coupled to a high resistance load by a pulse transformer. Chemical energy is converted to electromagnetic energy and is transferred by means of the transformer to the high resistance load. The transformer allows coupling to a higher resistive load than is achieved with a transformerless-generator system having a current gain greater than unity.

Abstract: An electro-expulsive apparatus including at least two superposed, flexible flat, separately jacketed continuous ribbons of metallic electrical conductor disposed within a sealed outer jacket so that portions of said separately jacketed electrical conductors are separable within said outer jacket to create a void when said conductors are energized simultaneously by an electrical current. The disclosure also includes restoring means for returning the separated conductors to rest position and a method of expulsing solid or frangible material.

Abstract: A superconducting magnetic bearing assembly has an outer element having an axis. Disposed about the axis, the outer element has first and second inverted generally conical surfaces, each surface disposed at an acute angle to the axis. These surfaces define a volume. Fixedly disposed within the volume is an inner element rotatable relative to the outer element. The inner element has first and second conical inner elements. The first conical inner element has a first surface opposed to and spaced from said first generally conical surface of the outer element, the opposed first surfaces lying generally parallel to each other. The second conical inner element has a second surface opposed to and spaced from the second generally conical surface of the outer element, the opposed second surfaces lying generally parallel to each other.

Abstract: An electro-expulsive apparatus including at least two superposed, flexible flat, separately jacketed continuous ribbons of metallic electrical conductor disposed within a sealed outer jacket so that portions of said separately jacketed electrical conductors are separable within said outer jacket to create a void when said conductors are energized simultaneously by an electrical current. The disclosure also includes the method of manufacture.

Abstract: A motor comprised of stator and rotor and formed of an even number of magnetic poles on both is disclosed. In the gap between the stator and rotor, a rotating shield having a window therein controllably interrupts and controllably permits coupling across the gap between poles of the rotor and stator. In the preferred embodiment, the shield is rotated at the same speed as the rotor in the opposite direction. The shield is made of superconducting material and the motor is operated at superconducting temperatures to position the shield in the gap to interrupt magnetic coupling.

Abstract: A synchronous machine having a rotor which is fixed to a shaft supported in bearings, said machine having its rotor (1) and stator (2) windings cooled by very low temperature helium, with each of the windings and the gap (4) therebetween being in a vacuum enclosures. The said rotor and stator windings and the said gap are disposed inside a common enclosure (13) connected to a common vacuum source (17), and said gap is separated from the bearings (14) of the rotor shaft (3) by vacuum-resisting oil seals (15) and by cryogenic traps (16).

Abstract: A permanent magnet made of a pulverizable magnetic material is positioned immediately adjacent to a quantity of an explosive. An electrically conductive coil surrounds the permanent magnet and the explosive. A detonator is provided for detonating the explosive. The explosive is capable, upon detonation, of rapidly removing the magnet from inside the coil by disintegration, by collapsing the magnet or by causing high velocity omni-directional dispersal of a plurality of minute fractional parts of the permanent magnet. A single-pulse high voltage electrical signal is thereby induced in the coil.

Abstract: Superconducting material improves the operating efficiency and reduces the operating power demand for a disk drive suitable for interchanging data with a magnetic or optic media. The arm containing the head is moved along a path by a balanced superconductor to magnetic field interface such as for radial positioning relative to a circular media and is maintained in constant spatial relation with respect to the media by advantageous application of superconductive layers and magnetic field sources. The superconductor environment also permits efficient bearing support for the media as well as accommodating superconductor motors for driving the media and the use of various circuit elements associated with the drive electronics.

Abstract: The electric rotating machine has a stator and a rotor with superconducting windings placed within separate cryogenic enclosures for the stator and the rotor. The cryogenic enclosures are in turn placed within evacuated thermal insulation enclosures separated by the annular clearance space which is at low pressure, thus considerably simplifying the arrangements required for dynamic sealing of motor bearings.

Abstract: An electromagnetic motor constituted by a movable member, a flexible support member, a first fixed magnetic pole, and a second fixed magnetic pole. The movable member is magnetized to form N and S poles on opposing surfaces. One end of the flexible support member is connected to the movable member, and the other end thereof is connected to a base. The first fixed magnetic pole is so arranged as to apply a magnetic force in a direction parallel to the N and S poles of the movable member. The second fixed magnetic pole is so arranged as to apply a magnetic force in a direction perpendicular to the N and S poles of the movable member.

Abstract: A superconducting rotor cooling system for an electrical generator includes a free vortex type pump which is located within and forms an integral part of the rotor assembly. The free vortex pump takes advantage of the centrifugal force of rotation of the cooling fluid to help the rotor winding compartment to remain in a superfluid helium state. Improved cooling results from combined natural convection, as occurs in a conventional rotor, and the superfluid heat transport which occurs at the velocity of sound.

Abstract: Liquid hydrogen is used to completely cool all elements of the generator including bearings, stator conductor, rotor conductor, magnetic flux shield, and excitation mechanisms. By essentially immersing the generator in liquid hydrogen, cryogenic interface problems are minimized. The conductor windings will utilize pure metals such as aluminum to minimize the weight and the ohmic heat loss in the machine. Complications of liquid helium cooling for superconducting windings and quench phenomena due to thermal instabilities in the superconductors are eliminated. The use of extremely low resistance of liquid hydrogen cooled aluminum permits heat removal in the confined space of the rotor field winding at magnetic field and current density that can exceed that of superconductors. Because iron is not required in the generator, very high voltages can be generated.

Abstract: A flasher can flash a vehicle light normally powered by a power switch. The flasher has an interval timer coupled to a manual switch. The interval timer can provide in response to the operation of the manual switch a duration signal of at least a predetermined duration. The flasher also has a cycling timer coupled to the interval timer for providing a periodic cycling signal in response to and for the duration of the duration signal. This predetermined duration of the duration signal exceeds the period of the periodic cycling signal. The flasher includes a pulsing relay for providing a power output. This pulsing relay is coupled to the cycling timer for blanking the power output in response to and synchronously with the cycling signal. Also included is a substitution relay coupled to the power switch. The interval timer and the pulsing relay can repower the light from the pulsing relay instead of the power switch, in response to and for the duration of the duration signal.

Abstract: An electrothermodynamic (ETD) generator and a compressor is described for use in a Marks/Ericsson Cycle. New equations are derived based on varying the electric charge distribution along the flow axis and new principles based thereon are used in the generator design.

Abstract: An electrothermodynamic generator and a compressor is described for use in a Marks/Ericsson Cycle. It uses a charged liquid tin droplet/nitrogen aerosol for heat/electric conversion at a maximum temperature of about 1800 K and a charged water droplet/nitrogen aerosol electrothermodynamic compressor at 300 K in a Marks/Ericsson Cycle which has a theoretical efficiency of 83%, and a practical efficiency of 60% to 70%. An ETD compressor with a water charged droplet is described. The other cycle components, comprising a heat source, liquid tin loop, heat exchangers, water loop and liquid pump are not here considered.

Abstract: A positioning device for positioning an element, such as an optical element used to direct a radiation beam with respect to tracks on a carrier, with respect to translation along three mutually perpendicular axes and pivoting about two of those axes. Two sets of coils are disposed one at each end of a permanent magnet structure, each set having at least three coils having axes generally parallel to the structure axis, and arranged to co-act with the external return field of the magnet structure such that selective electrically energizing of two or more of the coils will produce a reaction force in the structure for positioning the structure in one or more of the selected degrees of freedom.

Abstract: A safety latch is provided for a disc drive to prevent accidental movement of the pickup heads across the recording surface of a disc when power to the disc drive is terminated. The safety latch includes a magnet which engages a mechanical stop for limiting the inward travel of the pickup head assembly. In a preferred embodiment the magnet is mounted on the bobbin of a linear motor which moves the pickup head assembly.

Abstract: A synchronous electric machine has a voltage and speed regulator, comprising a stator provided with a secondary winding and a rotor provided with a primary winding, intended for connection to a feeder grid (operating as a motor) or a user grid (operating as an alternator). The stator winding (ES) is coupled with a second stator winding (e) feeding a static rectifier circuit (R) whose output is connected to a superconducting energy storage winding (BS). The rectifier circuit is controlled by a computer (C) programmed to inject active and reactive power into the stator in such a manner as to attenuate transient conditions.

Abstract: A device for coupling two shafts of a rotating machine for permitting simultaneously a thermal dilatation and a sealing of the shafts with respect to each other, in combination with the shafts, includes inner and outer normally synchronously rotating mutually concentric shafts defining a ring gap therebetween, at least the outer shaft being hollow defining a space between the shafts, an expansion compensator with a given maximal permissible twist disposed between the inner periphery of the outer shaft with one end and the outer periphery of the inner shaft with its other end sealing the space between the shafts and permitting relative axial, radial and tangential motion between the shafts, a holding ring rotatably and sealingly supported on the inner shaft connected sealingly to said other end of the expansion compensator thereby permitting a twisting movement thereof with respect to the inner shaft, and at least one driver element attached to the outer shaft engaging the inner shaft via the holding ring with

Abstract: These inventions relate to novel advances in Electrothermodynamics (ETD), also known as charged aerosol, heat/electric power generators:(1) "Method III" two-fluid mixed flow comprising a supersonic jet expanding conically within a subsonic flow, separated by a boundary layer in which the charged aerosol forms downstream of the orifice, at a cross section of at least 100 times the orifice section; and in which the electric charge density of the charged aerosol decreases along the jet axis, whereby substantially all of the kinetic power of the jet is converted to electric power within the jet, there being no ejector.(2) An array of supersonic jets utilizing Method III.(3) An array of supersonic jets utilizing Method III without separating duct walls in which "convection cells" provide return flows, forming a plurality of TORON configurations.(4) A supercritical Rankine cycle in a single stage employing Method III.

Abstract: A device for accurately positioning an optical system element uses an array of electromagnets to alter fluid pressure distribution in a mass of ferromagnetic fluid. The pressure redistribution causes movement of an optical system element positioned adjacent to the ferromagnetic fluid. The invention is concerned with particular arrangements of fluid and energizing electromagnets to ensure combined rectilinear and angular movement of the optical system elements. The device has neither the complexity nor the delicacy of known structures used for moving optical system elements.

Abstract: A method of winding and mounting superconductive coils on a cylindrical surface of the coil-carrying shaft of a rotor of a rotary electric machine. A superconductive wire is wound around the circumferential surface of a rectangular bobbin, thereby forming coils. The four straight portions of the circumferential surface are connected with each other by circularly curved surface portions. The portions of the circumferential surfaces corresponding to the axial direction of the coil-carrying shaft have a plurality of steps formed in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the coil-carrying shaft. A detachable side plate on the bobbin is then taken off, and the coil is removed from the bobbin.

Abstract: On a Charged Aerosol Wind/Electric Power Generator, electrically charged water droplets are dispersed into the wind stream. Using Induction Electric Charging, a water jet issues under water pressure from a small diameter (25-50 .mu.m) orifice, and the jet breaks into charged droplets. A plate orifice 35 .mu.m diameter, and 25 .mu.m long appears optimum; a single jet from such an orifice at a water pressure of 15 psig produces net electric power output substantially exceeding the hydraulic and electric power inputs. A practical Wind/Electric Generator utilizes a multi-orifice array scaled to a kilowatt or megawatt level. A water recovery and pressure regeneration solar and/or gravitational means is described by which water is conserved and the water power is free, so that there is a net output electric power without external power input of any kind, except natural wind and/or solar power.

Abstract: These inventions relate to novel advances in Electrothermodynamics (ETD), also known as charged aerosol, heat/electric power generators:(1) A new more efficient, compact converging/diverging configuration comprising a torus of revolution (TORON) used with a gas flywheel.(2) A "Method II" two-fluid mixed flow ejector/converter in a gas flywheel loop employing a primary steam or a high molecular weight driver jet such as a fluorocarbon containing charged aerosol water droplets and a low molecular weight carrier gas such as hydrogen or helium with an electro-negative gas additive, in a Rankine cycle including a vapor/gas and liquid separator with a bypass to the ejector/converter loop.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating electrostatic field by forming a high resistive anodic-oxidized film on an electrostatic electrode and applying thereto a high voltage direct current including high frequency component resonatable with inherent resistance and capacitance in the high resistive film.

Abstract: An electrical generator comprises a stationary permanent magnet for establishing a magnetic field, one or more sensing coils responsive to the magnetic field, and a diamagnetic blocking element movable between the magnet and the sensing coils for periodically interrupting the magnetic field to produce electrical energy in the coils. A preferred embodiment includes a pair of semi-circular coils arranged side-by-side in the magnetic field and a rotatable blocking disc interposed between the magnet and the coils. The disc includes a semi-circular portion of superconductive material rendered impermeable to the magnetic field at temperatures near absolute zero and a semi-circular portion of magnetically inert material to alternately block and pass the magnetic field to the coils upon rotation of the disc.

Abstract: An improved magnetocumulative generator is described that is useful for producing magnetic fields of very high energy content over large spatial volumes. The polar directed pleated magnetocumulative generator has a housing (100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105) providing a housing chamber (106) with an electrically conducting surface. The chamber (106) forms a coaxial system having a small radius portion and a large radius portion. When a magnetic field is injected into the chamber (106), from an external source, most of the magnetic flux associated therewith positions itself in the small radius portion. The propagation of an explosive detonation through high-explosive layers (107, 108) disposed adjacent to the housing causes a phased closure of the chamber (106) which sweeps most of the magnetic flux into the large radius portion of the coaxial system. The energy content of the magnetic field is greatly increased by flux stretching as well as by flux compression.

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radiant energy converter which directs concentrated radiant energy in a first direction through or to a plane of limited area. An energy absorbing fluid is passed through the plane in the opposite direction so that the concentrated radiant energy is absorbed directly by the fluid. The converter may be used in connection with conventional collectors and concentrators to provide more efficient conversion of radiant energy. Also disclosed is a magnetohydrodynamic generator employing the converter of the invention.

Abstract: A multistage EHD generator with parallel outputs to produce a usable output urrent. A single injector injects particles or droplets into a fluid flow which traverses a plurality of EHD generator stages in series. At each generator stage there is a means for charging the particles and a means for neutralizing the particles. The outputs between the charging and neutralizing means are connected in parallel to provide a substantial electrical power output.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for compressing a lower strength magnetic field to produce high flux densities, such as about one megagauss, employing a hollow, rotating, electrically conductive liquid liner to trap the magnetic flux, and in which the rotating liner is magnetically forced to implode. Energy to drive the implosion is derived from the rotational energy of the liner. Energy may be recovered subsequently as rotational energy upon expansion or rebound of the liner.

Abstract: A superconducting generator or alternator in which the electrical winding is disposed within a fluid impervious outer shell. Liquid coolant is introduced into the interior of the shell via a liquid coolant supply pipe that terminates in an axially extending liquid coolant intake trough. The trough separates the incoming coolant from an annular coolant bath that submerges the electrical winding of the generator during superconducting operation. Heat conducting tubes extend radially outward from the bottom of the trough and permit a flow of liquid coolant therethrough to adjacent the outer shell. Sensible heat of compression (resulting from the rotation of the generator) produced in the coolant stream in the tube is at least partially withdrawn from the stream by the tubes and transferred to the inner surface of the bath so that the coolant is discharged from the tubes at a lesser temperature than would otherwise be the case.

Abstract: An electrical generator comprises a stationary permanent magnet for establishing a magnetic field, one or more sensing coils responsive to the magnetic field, and a diamagnetic blocking element movable between the magnet and the sensing coils for periodically interrupting the magnetic field to produce electrical energy in the coils. A preferred embodiment includes a pair of semi-circular coils arranged side-by-side in the magnetic field and a rotatable blocking disc interposed between the magnet and the coils. The disc includes a semi-circular portion of superconductive material rendered impermeable to the magnetic field at temeperatures near absolute zero and a semi-circular portion of magnetically inert material to alternately block and pass the magnetic field to the coils upon rotation of the disc.This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 566,090, filed Apr. 8, 1975 now abandoned.

Abstract: Blanket designs comprising hot, molten, rotating liquid vortex systems suitable for rapidly compressing confined plasmas, in which stratified immiscible liquid layers having successively greater mass densities outwardly of the axis of rotation are provided, such that each may be optimized for specific functions.

Abstract: A reciprocating engine utilizing the mutual repulsion of charged air particles to drive a work-producing means. The engine has pistons reciprocating in cylinders with cylinder spaces between cylinder heads and the pistons. A first enclosed porous conductive electrode is located in fluid flow communication with the cylinder space, typically within the cylinder space itself. The first porous electrode is electrically connected to a second conductive porous electrode in a separate housing. Air is admitted into the first electrode while fuel is admitted into the second electrode. As the air in the cylinder space and first electrode is compressed as the piston moves toward the cylinder head, a current flow takes place from the first electrode to the second electrode because of valance attraction between fuel molecules and oxygen electrons resulting in the ionization of oxygen and fuel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for a stored magnetic field in a superconducting, rotating electrical machine. The apparatus includes a cylinder of superconductive material in which a magnetic field is trapped. The trapped magnetic field forms a magnetic circuit with an armature winding in the machine. The apparatus further includes means for generating a magnetic pattern field in the superconductive cylinder and means for cooling the cylinder so that a magnetic field can be trapped therein. The apparatus has application in both motors and generators and in both rotating and stationary magnetic fields used therein.

Abstract: An explosively operated device by which a strong magnetic field pulse and an electric current pulse of microseconds duration is produced. A cylindrical magnet is used to initiate the field, and its energy source is an explosive filled metal tube. Within the converter itself, the lines of magnetic flux are essentially axial. When an explosive charge in the central tube is detonated, the end of the tube flares radially, and the tube begins to expand along its length. As it does so, the tube compresses the magnetic field against the inner surface of a magnet. Simultaneously, a helical coil inside the converter experiences a rapid increase in flux density, thus satisfying Faraday's law. This interaction causes a pulse of electric current to be fed into the turns of the magnetocumulative generator as its initial magnetic field is maximized. As the central tube expands against the inside of the coil, it shorts out the turns one-by-one as the detonation wave travels axially along the converter.