Abstract: This application relates to a process for making carbon artifacts from solvated mesophase pitch comprising quinoline insoluble materials. The process has a significant advantage over the art as it permits the use of otherwise unusable pitch feedstocks and the artifacts formed according to the process retain their structural integrity during carbonization. This invention also relates to the pitch formed by this process and carbon artifacts formed by this process.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery employing a non-aqueous electrolyte in which the anode material is prepared by calcining a precursor organic compound obtained from the reaction of at least one polycyclic organic compound with a compound containing nitrogen and sulfur.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a carbon molecular sieve used for the separation of oxygen from nitrogen, which comprises the steps of:(a) milling hard coal to a grain size of 95%<20.mu.m;(b) oxidizing the finely milled hard coal with air in a fluidized bed;(c) adding water and coal tar pitch as a binder and molding the finely milled hard coal into shape;(d) carbonizing the finely milled hard coal molded into shape in a rotary kiln at a temperature of 500 .degree.to 850.degree. C., with a dwelling time of 55 to 65 minutes, in order to obtain a carbonization product with a bulk density of 530 to 560 g/l;(e) activating the carbonization product with steam at to 900.degree. C. for 165 to 195 minutes to obtain a sintered carbonaceous product having a bulk density of 590 to 650 g/l; and(f) treating the sintered carbonaceous product at 750 to 850.degree. C. with carbon-splitting hydrocarbons to obtain said carbon molecular sieve.

Abstract: Fullerene-containing soot, is prepared by evaporating an electrically conductive carbon rod in an electric arc plasma sustained in a tubular evaporator between coaxially aligned carbon rods in a stream of inert gas flowing coaxially over the carbon rods at a flow rate of at least 0.02 m.sup.3 /h, and collecting the soot from the evaporator walls.

Abstract: Self-adhesive carbonaceous grains for use in the manufacture of high-density and high-strength carbon artifacts containing 0.5-1.5 wt % of a quinoline-soluble but pyridine-insoluble component and at least 97 wt % of a quinoline-insoluble component and which are prepared by heat-treating in a nonoxidizing atmosphere a mesophase pitch that is obtained by polymerizing condensed polycyclic hydrocarbons or substances containing them in the presence of a superacid consisting of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride. The carbonaceous grains are molded and the mold is baked at a sufficient temperature to achieve its carbonization, with the heating rate being not more than 20.degree. C./h in the temperature range from 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. In this way, high-density and high-strength carbon artifacts showing a homogeneous fine mosaic texture of optical anisotropy can be efficiently manufactured in high carbon yield.

Abstract: A magnetic metal or metal carbide nanoparticle is provided having a carbon coating. The nanoparticle has a diameter in the range of approximately 5 to 60 nm, and may be crystalline or amorphous. The magnetic metal or metal carbide nanoparticle is formed by preparing graphite rods which are packed with a magnetic metal oxide. The packed graphite rods are subjected to a carbon arc discharge to produce soot containing magnetic metal or metal carbide nanoparticles and non-magnetic species. The soot is subsequently subjected to a magnetic field gradient to separate the magnetic metal or metal carbide nanoparticles from the non-magnetic species. Ferromagnetic or paramagnetic compounds are made by starting with graphite rods packed with the oxides of iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese bismuth, or a rare earth element excluding lanthanum, lutetium and promethium, or a paramagnetic transition metal.

Abstract: An improved batch process for the pyrolytic conversion of woody and herbaceous plant material is provided which yields charcoal, on a dry weight basis, in yields ranging from about 35% to about 50%, having volatile matter content of about 25% or less, and fuel value of 13000 BTU/pound. The batch process can be conducted in two hours or less per batch with virtually instantaneous reloading for subsequent batches without substantial cooling of the reactor utilized for the process and without exposing the hot processed charcoal to air or oxygen sufficient to cause combustion upon removal from the reactor.

Abstract: A simple manufacturing process for obtaining a carbon/carbon composite of superior performance is provided without using a carbon fiber fabric which is expensive and without going through the step of fixing fibers together using a binder.A precursor fiber for a carbon fiber which precursor fiber has been rendered infusible is subjected to uniaxial pressing at a temperature lower than the temperature adopted in the infusiblizing treatment, and then a carbonization treatment is performed.According to the present invention, a primary-pressed carbon material can be produced without using a binder, thus resulting in that not only the carbon material but also a carbon/carbon composite can be produced in a simple manner.

Abstract: A rubber composition including 100 parts by weight of natural rubber and/or diene synthetic rubber and 30-100 parts by weight of carbon black having the following characteristics:(1) 24M4DBP of 0.95-1.30 ml/g;(2) D.sub.st of 50-80 nm;(3) .DELTA.D.sub.50 /D.sub.st of 0.55-0.75;(4) .DELTA.D.sub.10 /D.sub.st of 1.0-1.5;(5) a component ratio of 20% or less; and(6) CTAB of 120-180 m.sup.2 /g.The rubber composition is excellent in abrasion resistance without compromising low heat generation property and processability thereof.

Abstract: A secondary battery having a rechargeable lithium-containing anode, a cathode and a separator positioned between the cathode and anode with an organic electrolyte solution absorbed therein is provided. The anode comprises three-dimensional microporous carbon structures synthesized from polymeric high internal phase emulsions or materials derived from this emulsion source, i.e., granules, powders, etc.

Abstract: To produce active carbon particles by carbonizing a carbon based raw material in a steam atmosphere while feeding electricity to the raw material received in a rotary reactor, a plurality of electrical receiving rods are secured to the inner wall surface of a cylindrical wall of the rotary reactor in the equally-spaced relationship as seen in the circumferential direction. In operation, a certain intensity of electric current is fed to the electricity receiving rods via a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of electrode contacts to induce arc-discharging between the electricity receiving rods and the raw material received in the rotary reactor. To reliably prevent the temperature of the steam atmosphere from being abnormally elevated, carbon dioxide gas is introduced into a carbonizing chamber of the rotary reactor via a gas inflow pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermosetting molding material, containing refractory fibers, characterized in that it can be injection molded and takes the form of a "flock" of 60 to 30% by weight of solid fillers which include refractory fibers, impregnated with 40 to 70% by weight of thermosetting resin. This molding material is obtained from a syrup of the catalysed thermosetting resin into which are introduced the solid fillers while mixing in such a way as to produce homogeneous impregnation of the filler with the catalyzed resin, then the mixture is kneaded until the filler is converted into a flock whereupon the flock/resin mixture is dried under reduced pressure. Application to the manufacture, in particular by conventional injection molding, of composite materials usable in the manufacture of motors for tactical missiles, in particular ablatable blast pipes.

Abstract: In a carbon thread, vapor phase growth carbon fiber (VGCF) are dispersedly contained in a carbon matrix. The carbon thread is produced by forming a thread-like element from a mixture of VGCF and carbonizable carbon-containing compound and then by heat-treating the thread-like element to effect carbonization thereon. The thread-like element may be formed either by melt-spinning or solution-spinning the mixture, or by impregnably adhering the mixture onto a thread of heat resisting fibers. The carbonized carbon thread thus obtained may be subjected to further heat treatment to graphitize the carbon thread.

Abstract: A process for the continuous removal of carbon particles in exhaust gas flows uses a plasma process. A stationary oxidative plasma process achieves a particle burn-up of the excess oxygen in technical combustion processes.

Abstract: The pyrolysis process for fluid effluents in an enclosure, where they are transformed into solid and gaseous products is characterized in that the said effluents are heated on contact with solid elements, on traversing a pile of said solid elements offering a surface contact per volume unit at least equal to 10 m/m and in that the said solid products are trapped on the surface of said solid elements and are then separated from the latter, so as to be able to regenerate the said solid elements. Continuous or discontinuous pyrolysis apparatus for performing the process according to the invention. Application to the destruction of chlorinated effluents.

Abstract: A polymeric foam precursor, wetted with phosphoric acid, is pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere to produce an open-cell doped carbon foam, which is utilized as a lithium intercalation anode in a secondary, organic electrolyte battery. Tests were conducted in a cell containing an organic electrolyte and using lithium metal counter and reference electrodes, with the anode located therebetween. Results after charge and discharge cycling, for a total of 6 cycles, indicated a substantial increase in the energy storage capability of the phosphorus doped carbon foam relative to the undoped carbon foam, when used as a rechargeable lithium ion battery.

Abstract: (1) A carbon film derived from a polyimide film, which has a tensile strength of at least 15 Kgf/mm.sup.2, a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 5000 Kgf/mm.sup.2 and an electric conductivity of at least 200 S/cm.(2) A process for preparing a carbon film which comprises the following steps:1) reacting a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of a combination comprising a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and an aromatic diamine and a combination comprising a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, an aromatic diamine, and a polyamino compound having at least three amino groups to form a polyamic acid;2) forming a film of polyamic acid;3) imidizing the polyamic acid film to form a polyimide film having a tensile strength of at least 10 Kgf/mm.sup.2 and a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 500 Kgf/mm.sup.2 ; and4) carbonizing the polyimide film in an inert gas or in a vacuum until a carbon film having a tensile strength of at least 15 Kgf/mm.sup.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbonaceous material suitable for an electrode of a secondary cell. The carbonaceous material has a specific surface area by BET method of at least 10 m.sup.2 /g and a nitrogen/carbon atom weight ratio of 0.15 to 0.01, and is obtained by heat-treating a polyimide polymer having repeating units represented by: ##STR1## wherein R represents a 4 valent aromatic residue having at least one aromatic ring, of which each 2 valences are bonded with an adjacent carbon atom in the aromatic ring, R' represents a divalent aromatic residue having 1 to 4 aromatic rings and n is an integer of at least 2. The present invention also provides a secondary cell using the above mentioned carbonaceous material as electrode.

Abstract: A carbon anode for a secondary battery in which a carbon active material of the carbon anode is covered with an amorphous carbon.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery having a high capacity and excellent in charge-discharge efficiency, cycle life, flatness of a discharge voltage, and rapid charge-discharge cycle characteristics is disclosed. This lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode housed in a case, a negative electrode housed in the case and containing a carbonaceous material which has an exothermic peak at 700.degree. C. or more when measured by a differential thermal analysis and an intensity ratio P.sub.101 /P.sub.100 of a (101) diffraction peak P.sub.101 to a (100) diffraction peak P100 of a graphite structure, obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, of 0.7 to 2.2, and absorbs and desorbs lithium ions, a separator housed in the case so as to be arranged between the positive and negative electrodes, and a nonaqueous electrolyte contained in the case.

Abstract: An improvement is proposed in an anisotropically electroconductive adhesive composition comprising an insulating adhesive resin as a matrix and electroconductive carbon particles dispersed in the matrix used for electrically connecting oppositely facing electrode terminals on various kinds of electronic devices and circuit boards. Different from conventional spherical carbon particles, the conductive particles used here are carbon particles each having a plurality of projections on the surface as formed, for example, by the high-temperature calcination of spherical carbon particles blended with a tar or pitch. By virtue of the projections on the carbon particles, the electric connection formed by using the inventive adhesive composition is very reliable and durable even under adverse ambient conditions involving a high temperature, high humidity, vibrations and mechanical shocks by virtue of the anchoring effect by the projections.

Abstract: The invention provides for a lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous solvent wherein the anode material is prepared by the pyrolysis of organic compound starting materials obtained by reacting at least one conjugated polycyclic compound with a nitro compound or with a nitrating agent. The anode material contains at least the elements carbon and nitrogen, the nitrogen content ranging from 0.5% to 6% by weight. Eighty percent or more of this nitrogen is bound to carbon by either C--N or C.dbd.N bonds. The ratio of the intensity of the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ("XPS") peak observed for the anode material at 401.2.+-.0.2 eV to the intensity of peak observed for the anode material at 398.8.+-.0.4 eV is 1.0:1 or more.

Abstract: A rubber composition comprising: 100 parts by weight of a rubber component and 35 to 100 parts by weight of a furnace carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N.sub.2 SA) of from 60 to 100 m.sup.2 /g, a dibutyl phthalate absorption (DBP) of from 90 to 150 ml/100 g, a .DELTA.DBP (DBP24M4DBP) of from 15 to 40 ml/100 g, an aggregate size distribution (.DELTA.Dst) of from 50 to 150 nm, and an intraaggregate pore mode diameter (D.sub.P) which satisfies the following formula:D.sub.P .ltoreq.1.543Dst-55.0wherein D.sub.P represents the mode diameter of the maximum frequency in a carbon black intraaggregate pore diameter distribution determined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Dst represents the mode Stokes diameter of carbon black aggregates determined using a disk centrifuge (DCF).

Abstract: Nitrogen doped polymeric carbon is prepared by reacting stannic chloride with a primary amine at an elevated temperature. The process is useful for coating glass to make reduced solar energy transmittance automotive and architectural glazings.

Abstract: A method is provided which includes infusing oxygen into pitch material without stabilizing the oxygen-infused pitch material. In addition, the invention includes further processing steps (including heat stabilization in either an inert atmosphere or an oxygen-containing atmosphere, deformation, pyrolysis, and/or composite formation) performed after or in conjunction with the oxygenation process. Moreover, the invention includes the composition of matter (in any of a number of different physical forms such as powder, fiber, shaped article, composites) resulting from the practice of this oxygenation process, either alone or in conjunction with the further processing steps. The composition has a homogeneous distribution of oxygen and can be heat stabilized in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A microcellular carbon foam characterized by a density in the range of about 30 to 1000 mg/cm.sup.3, substantially uniform distribution of cell sizes of diameters less than 100 .mu.m with a majority of the cells being of a diameter of less than about 10 .mu.m, well interconnected strut morphology providing open porosity, and an expanded d(002) X-ray turbostatic spacing greater than 3.50 angstroms. The precursor for the carbon foam is prepared by the phase inversion of polyacrylonitrile in a solution consisting essentially of at least one alkali metal halide and a phase inversion solvent for the polyacrylonitrile.

Abstract: Carborane is used to catalyze the graphitization of polyarylacetylene (PAA) in order to form a uniform matrix microstructure both in bulk and as a composite matrix.

Abstract: A carbon powder is disclosed with 40 to 75% by weight QI or more than 90% by weight TI, an optical anisotropy of less than 50% by volume, a start of softening between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C., and an oxygen content of more than 2% by weight, and which can be used for without binding agent the production of shaped carbon bodies. The carbon powder is produced by means of distillation from bituminous product at a maximum of 5 mbars and a final temperature of at least 400.degree. C., grinding of the distillation residue to a particle size of less than 30 .mu.m, and oxidation of the powder into the particle core.