Abstract: [Object] To provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent output characteristics and excellent thermal stability. [Solution] A positive electrode including a positive electrode mixture layer containing a positive electrode active material represented by Li1.08Ni0.43Co0.26Mn0.24O2 having a layered structure, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, a separator provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte are included, in which a film composed of carbon black permeable to lithium ions is formed on a surface of the positive electrode active material, and the film contains lithium fluoride particles serving as metal halide particles.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery uses different binders that exhibit different swelling ratios in an electrolyte as cathode binders and thus having superior cycle performance and battery capacity. A first binder is a binder having a large swelling ratio in an electrolyte, and a second binder is a binder having a small swelling ratio in the electrolyte. The first binder is in direct contact with the active material. The second binder may indirectly contact the active material as being present between a plurality of first binders which are in direct contact with the active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrode materials for electrical cells, containing, as component (A), at least one polymer including polymer chains formed from identical or different monomer units selected from substituted and unsubstituted vinyl units and substituted and unsubstituted C2-C10-alkylene glycol units and containing at least one monomer unit -M1- including at least one thiolate group —S? or at least one end of a disulfide or polysulfide bridge —(S)m— in which m is an integer from 2 to 8, the thiolate group or the one end of the disulfide or polysulfide bridge —(S)m— in each case being bonded directly to a carbon atom of the monomer unit -M1-, and, as component (B), carbon in a polymorph containing at least 60% sp2-hybridized carbon atoms. The present invention also relates to electrical cells containing the inventive electrode material, to specific polymers, to processes for preparation, and to uses of the inventive cells.

Abstract: A battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an aqueous electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode and including a cation A. At least one of the cathode and the anode includes an electrode material having an open framework crystal structure into which the cation A is reversibly inserted during operation of the battery. The battery has a reference specific capacity when cycled at a reference rate, and at least 75% of the reference specific capacity is retained when the battery is cycled at 10 times the reference rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a triethanolamine solvent, (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and reacting to prepare amorphous lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle, and (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle thus to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon on a portion or a whole of a surface of a particle, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon prepared by the above method. The lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon having controlled particle size and particle size distribution may be prepared in a short time by performing two simple steps.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, wherein the cathode includes a second lithium-containing compound having an olivine-type crystal structure, a photoelectron spectrum of oxygen 1s obtained by surface analysis of the cathode with the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy includes a third peak and a fourth peak, the third peak having an apex in a range in which binding energy is equal to or larger than 530 electron volts and less than 533 electron volts, and the fourth peak having an apex in a range in which binding energy is from 533 electron volts to 536 electron volts both inclusive and having spectrum intensity smaller than spectrum intensity of the third peak, and a ratio IE/ID between a spectrum intensity ID of the third peak and a spectrum intensity IE of the fourth peak is larger than ¼.

Abstract: Described are electrolyte compositions having at least one salt and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: wherein “a” is from 1 to 3; “b” is 1 or 2; 4?“a”+“b”?2; X is a halogen; R can be alkoxy or substituted alkoxy, among other moieties, and R1 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy. Also described are electrochemical devices that use the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent, (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and reacting to prepare amorphous lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle, and (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle thus to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon on a portion or a whole of a surface of a particle, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon prepared by the above method. The lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon having controlled particle size and particle size distribution may be prepared in a short time by performing two simple steps.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt dissolved in the nonaqueous solvent, and a conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the following formula (1). A secondary battery using this nonaqueous electrolyte solution shows an excellent cycle characteristic under a high-temperature environment even if a negative electrode active material containing silicon is used. wherein R1 represents R2a or —CO—R2a, R2a having a meaning given to R2, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an acyl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, an oxyalkylene group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyloxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an alkynyloxy group, an aromatic oxy group, an oxyalkyleneoxy group or the like.

Abstract: An electrolyte may include compounds of general Formula IVA or IVB. where, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, alkyl, haloalkyl, and alkoxy groups; X and Y are each independently O, S, N, or P; and Z? is a linkage between X and Y, and at least one of R8, R9, R10, and R11 is other than H.

Abstract: An electricity storage device including a positive electrode 31, a negative electrode 32, and an electrolytic solution 29 located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. At least one of the positive electrode 31 and the negative electrode 32 contains an electricity storage material containing a polymerization product having a tetrachalcogenofulvalene structure in a repeat unit of a main chain.

Abstract: The invention relates to conducting salts which contain lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) and mixed lithium borate salts of the type of formula (I), wherein the portion of compound (I) in the conducting salt is 0.01 to 20 mole-% and X in formula (I) is a bridge linked with the boron via two oxygen atoms, selected from formula (II), wherein Y1 and Y2 together=O, m=1, n=0 and Y3 and Y4 independently represent H or an alkyl group with 1 to 5 C atoms, or Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 independently represent OR (with R=alkyl group with to 5 C atoms), or H or an alkyl group with 1 to 5 C atoms, and wherein m=0 or 1, n=0 or 1, or Y2 and Y3 are members of a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring (with N, O or S as the hetero element) which can be optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, carboxy or nitrile, and if so, Y1 and Y4 are not applicable and n>0, m=0 or 1. The invention also relates to a method for producing the inventive conducting salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of lithium-2-pentafluoroethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethanesulfonate as a conductive salt in lithium-based energy stores and to electrolytes containing lithium-2-pentafluoroethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethanesulfonate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent, and (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 1 bar to 10 bar, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared by the method. When compared to a common hydrothermal synthesis method, a supercritical hydrothermal synthesis method and a glycothermal synthesis method, a reaction may be performed under a relatively lower pressure. Thus, a high temperature/high pressure reactor is not necessary and process safety and economic feasibility may be secured. In addition, a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder having uniform particle size and effectively controlled particle size distribution may be easily prepared.

Abstract: Nonaqueous electrolyte for high energy Li-ion batteries or batteries with lithium metal anode, in which the composition of additives are introduced to increase specific characteristics of lithium batteries including stability of the parameters during cycling and security of the battery operations, when the composition of the additives comprises the compounds from the class of esters, low molecular weight silicon quaternary ammonium salts, and macromolecular polymer organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution comprising at least one solvent as component A, at least one electrolyte as component B and from 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the total electrolyte solution, of at least one heteroaromatic compound of the general formula (I) as component C, the use of such a compound in electrolyte solutions, the use of such an electrolyte solution in an electrochemical cell or for metal plating, and also electrochemical cells comprising a corresponding electrolyte solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are an additive for a rechargeable lithium battery electrolyte including an aromatic compound having an isothiocyanate group (—NCS), and an electrolyte and rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a triethanolamine solvent, and (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 1 bar to 10 bar, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared by the method. When compared to a common hydrothermal synthesis method, a supercritical hydrothermal synthesis method and a glycothermal synthesis method, a reaction may be performed under a relatively lower pressure. Thus, a high temperature/high pressure reactor is not necessary and process safety and economic feasibility may be secured. In addition, a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder having uniform particle size and effectively controlled particle size distribution may be easily prepared.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent, and (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and heating to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder under pressure conditions of 10 bar to 100 bar, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder prepared by the method. When compared to a common hydrothermal synthesis method and a supercritical hydrothermal synthesis method, a reaction may be performed under a relatively lower pressure. When compared to a common glycothermal synthesis method, a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder having effectively controlled particle size and particle size distribution may be easily prepared.

Abstract: A process for producing a separator-electrolyte layer for use in a lithium battery, comprising: (a) providing a porous separator; (b) providing a quasi-solid electrolyte containing a lithium salt dissolved in a first liquid solvent up to a first concentration no less than 3 M; and (c) coating or impregnating the separator with the electrolyte to obtain the separator-electrolyte layer with a final concentration ?the first concentration so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure less than 0.01 kPa when measured at 20° C., a vapor pressure less than 60% of that of the first liquid solvent alone, a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than a flash point of the first liquid solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no detectable flash point. A battery using such a separator-electrolyte is non-flammable and safe, has a long cycle life, high capacity, and high energy density.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte having improved high-rate charge and discharge property, and a capacitor comprising the same, and more particularly to an electrolyte having improved high-rate charge and discharge property comprising an aromatic compound, which comprises at least one compound of the following Chemical Formula 1 to Chemical Formula 11 that can induce resonance effect of electron movement, and which is a substituted organic compound in which a functional group is present at a location that can structurally prevent local polarization effect, and the boiling point of which is 80° C. or higher, wherein R in the Chemical Formula 1 to Chemical Formula 11 is at least one functional group selected from the alkyl group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, and a capacitor comprising the same.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide: a nonaqueous-electrolyte battery excellent in terms of safety during overcharge and high-temperature storability; and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution which gives the battery. The present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprising an electrolyte and a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprises at least one of specific compounds.

Abstract: In an aspect, a lithium secondary battery including a compound as disclosed and described herein; and an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt is provided.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium battery including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, the positive electrode including a lithium manganese oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1a or 1b, and an electrolyte, the electrolyte including an alkylsilyl phosphate represented by the following Chemical Formula 2:

Abstract: Lithium salt mixtures, for example a mixture including at least two lithium salts chosen from two of the three following groups of salts: X: LiPF6, LiBF4, CH3COOLi, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li, CF3COOLi, Li2B12F12, LiBC4O8; R1—SO2—NLi—SO2—R2, where R1 and R2 independently represent F, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, C2HF4, C2H2F3, C2H3F2, C2F5, C3F7, C3H2F5, C3H4F3, C4F9, C4H2F7, C4H4F5, C5F11, C3F5OCF3, C2F4OCF3, C2H2F2OCF3 or CF2OCF3; or Formula (I), where Rf represents F, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, C2HF4, C2H2F3, C2H3F2, C2F5, C3F7, C3H2F5, C3H4F3, C4F9, C4H2F7, C4H4F5, C5F11, C3F5OCF3, C2F4OCF3, C2H2F2OCF3 or CF2OCF3. Also, said salt mixtures dissolved in solvents, suitable for being used as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: A battery, particularly a lithium-metal battery or a lithium-ion battery, having at least one galvanic cell surrounded by a cell housing. To increase the safety of the battery and to close up again a cell opened by a safety device or by a leakage, the inner chamber of the cell housing of the at least one cell includes a first chemical component, a chamber bordering on at least one section of the outer side of the housing including a second chemical component; a solid reaction product being developable by the chemical reaction of the first and second chemical components. The first component is containable in the electrolyte of the cell and the second component in a cooling and/or tempering arrangement. Also described is a cooling and/or tempering arrangement based on it, and an electrolyte, an electrolytic liquid, a safety system, a method and a mobile or stationary system.

Abstract: A method of manufacture an article of a cathode (positive electrode) material for lithium batteries. The cathode material is a lithium molybdenum composite transition metal oxide material and is prepared by mixing in a solid state an intermediate molybdenum composite transition metal oxide and a lithium source. The mixture is thermally treated to obtain the lithium molybdenum composite transition metal oxide cathode material.

Abstract: An additive, the additive being for an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and represented by Chemical Formula 1: R1 to R4 each independently being hydrogen or a non-polar hydrocarbon group, is disclosed. An electrolyte, the electrolyte being for a lithium secondary battery and including: a non-aqueous organic solvent; a lithium salt; and the additive is also disclosed. A lithium secondary battery including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode facing the positive electrode; and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the separator being impregnated with an electrolyte including the additive, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to Chevrel-phase materials and methods of preparing these materials utilizing a precursor approach. The Chevrel-phase materials are useful in assembling electrodes, e.g., cathodes, for use in electrochemical cells, such as rechargeable batteries. The Chevrel-phase materials have a general formula of Mo6Z8 and the precursors have a general formula of MxMo6Z8. The cathode containing the Chevrel-phase material in accordance with the invention can be combined with a magnesium-containing anode and an electrolyte.

Abstract: A silicone-containing compound is an additive for a lithium secondary battery electrolyte for improving high-temperature lifetime characteristics and/or high-temperature stability of a lithium secondary battery. An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes the silicon-containing compound. A lithium secondary battery includes the electrolyte. A method of preparing the silicon-containing compound is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, comprising an ester-based compound having a branched-chain alkyl group and an ester-based compound having a straight-chain alkyl group; and a lithium secondary battery using the same.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, wherein the negative electrode contains a magnesium element, and wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is one obtained after dipping metallic lithium for a predetermined time period.

Abstract: Lithium-rich compounds that are precursors for positive electrodes for lithium cells and batteries comprise a Li2O-containing compound as one component, and a second charged or partially-charged component, selected preferably from a metal oxide, a lithium-metal-oxide, a metal phosphate or metal sulfate compound. Li2O is extracted from the electrode precursors to activate the electrode either by electrochemical methods or by chemical methods. Methods for synthesizing and activating the electrodes, electrochemical cells, and batteries containing such electrodes also are described.

Abstract: Provided are a method for judging the amount of impurities in a solvent for an electrolyte liquid to be used in a non-aqueous electrolyte liquid battery, that enables judging, more easily than conventionally, the amount in which several types of impurities causing degradation of battery performance is contained in the solvent; a method for producing an electrolyte liquid using this judging method; and an electrolyte liquid. The judging method includes: obtaining a reaction solution by adding a Lewis acid to the solvent; measuring the Hazen value of the reaction solution; and judging whether the value is no more than a predetermined threshold. The producing method includes mixing, with an electrolytic salt, the solvent for which the Hazen value has been judged to be no more than the threshold by the judging method. The electrolyte liquid contains: the solvent with the Hazen value as judged above; and an electrolytic salt.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte solution includes a lithium salt and a nonaqueous solvent that dissolves the lithium salt. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains from at least 0.01 ppm to not more than 100 ppm of a compound represented by the following general formula (1): R1—CR2OR3—CR22OR3??(1) (in formula (1), R1 and R3 represent an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent; R2 represents hydrogen or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent; and R1 to R3 may each represent the same group or may each represent different groups).

Abstract: Electrodes, energy storage devices using such electrodes, and associated methods are disclosed. In an example, an electrode for use in an energy storage device can comprise porous silicon having a plurality of channels and a surface, the plurality of channels opening to the surface; and a structural material deposited within the channels; wherein the structural material provides structural stability to the electrode during use.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electrolyte that improve the organic electrolyte storage battery of an electric vehicle in the initial storage capacity that affects the possible cruising range, which electrolyte comprises a compound represented by formula (1) below: wherein R1 to R11 are each independently hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, a halogen-containing straight-chain or branched alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, or halogen, R12 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl ene group having one to four carbon atoms or a halogen-containing straight-chain or branched alkylene group having one to four carbon atoms, R13 is a phenyl group having no substituent or having a substituent bonded thereto or a cyclohexyl group having no substituent or having a substituent bonded thereto.

Abstract: A graphite material suitable as an electrode material for non-aqueous electrolytic secondary batteries; a method for producing the same and a carbon material for battery electrodes; and a secondary battery. The graphite material includes crystallite graphite particles wherein an oxygen amount (a) (mass %) in a region from a particle surface of the graphite material to a depth of 40 nm is within a range of 0.010?(a)?0.04 as determined by a peak intensity of O1s obtained by HAX-PES measurement using a hard X-ray of 7,940 eV.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving an electrolyte salt in a nonaqueous solvent and an energy storage device are provided, wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains at least one kind of a compound represented by the following general formula (I): (wherein each of R1 to R10 independently represents hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or a C1 to C4 alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted with halogen atom.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery cell having a negative electrode, an electrolyte containing a conductive salt, and a positive electrode, the electrolyte being based on SO2 and the intermediate chamber between the positive electrode and the negative electrode being implemented such that active mass deposited on the negative electrode during the charging of the cell may come into contact with the positive electrode in such manner that locally delimited short-circuit reactions occur on its surface.

Abstract: Provided are a porous silicon-based anode active material including crystalline silicon (Si) particles, and a plurality of pores on surfaces, or the surfaces and inside of the crystalline silicon particles, wherein at least one plane of crystal planes of at least a portion of the plurality of pores includes a (100) plane, and a method of preparing the porous silicon-based anode active material. Since a porous silicon-based anode active material of the present invention may allow volume expansion, which is occurred during charge and discharge of a lithium secondary battery, to be concentrated on pores instead of the outside of the anode active material, the porous silicon-based anode active material may improve life characteristics of the lithium secondary battery by efficiently controlling the volume expansion.

Abstract: A non-aqueous liquid electrolyte for a secondary battery, containing: at least one selected from a carbonate compound having a halogen atom and a sulfur-containing ring compound; an aromatic ketone compound; an organic solvent; and an electrolyte salt, in which, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the organic solvent, the aromatic ketone compound is 0.001 to 10 parts by mass and the at least one selected from a carbonate compound having a halogen atom and a sulfur-containing ring compound is 0.001 to 10 parts by mass, and more than 50% by mass of the whole amount of the organic solvent is composed of a solvent with a melting point of 10° C. or less.

Abstract: A composition for forming an electrode. The composition includes a metal fluoride, such as copper fluoride, and a matrix material. The matrix material adds capacity to the electrode. The copper fluoride compound is characterized by a first voltage range in which the copper fluoride compound is electrochemically active and the matrix material characterized by a second voltage range in which the matrix material is electrochemically active and substantially stable. A method for forming the composition is included.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electrolyte that improve the organic electrolyte storage battery of an electric vehicle in the initial storage capacity that affects the possible cruising range, which electrolyte comprises a compound having no rotational symmetry axis of the compounds represented by formula (1) below: wherein R1 to R5 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, or halogen, R6 is an alkylene group or a halogenated alkylene group and R7 is a phenyl group having no substituent or having a substituent (a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, halogen-containing straight-chain or branched alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, or halogen) bonded thereto.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium cell comprising a cathode having a cathode active material, an anode having an anode active material, a porous separator electronically separating the anode and the cathode, a non-flammable quasi-solid electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the electrolyte contains a lithium salt dissolved in a first organic liquid solvent with a concentration sufficiently high so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure less than 0.01 kPa when measured at 20° C., a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than the flash point of the first organic liquid solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no flash point. This battery cell is non-flammable and safe, has a long cycle life, high capacity, and high energy density.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium air battery including the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte may include an oxygen anion capturing compound to effectively dissociate the reduction reaction product of oxygen formed during discharging of the lithium air battery, reduce the overvoltage of the oxygen evolution reaction occurring during battery charging, and enhance the energy efficiency and capacity of the battery.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium ion secondary battery including the same are provide. The electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt which is dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent and a additive shown as general formula I. Wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from H, alkyl group including from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group including from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and aromatic group including 6 to 12 carbon atoms; n represents an integer from 0 to 7. This additive in electrolyte can passivate cathode and anode effectively, restrain their reaction with electrolyte, reduce gases generation and battery's expansion in high temperature surrounding, provide as safety lithium ion secondary batteries.

Abstract: Provided are an additive for a lithium battery electrolyte, wherein the additive is an ethylene carbonate based compound represented by the following Formula 1 or 2, an organic electrolyte solution including the additive, and a lithium battery including the organic electrolyte solution: in the above Formulae, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently a non-polar functional group or a polar functional group, the polar functional group including a heteroatom belonging to groups 13 to 16 of the periodic table of elements, and one or more of R1, R2, R3, and R4 are the polar functional groups.

Abstract: An aqueous secondary battery 10 according to the present invention includes a positive electrode containing a NASICON-type positive-electrode active material that can insert and extract sodium as a positive-electrode active material 12, a negative electrode containing a negative-electrode active material 17 that can insert and extract sodium, and an electrolyte solution 20 disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the electrolyte solution 20 being an aqueous solution in which sodium is dissolved. The NASICON-type positive-electrode active material is, for example, Na3V2(PO4)3, and the electrolyte solution 20 is an aqueous solution in which sodium is dissolved. The negative-electrode active material 17 is preferably a NASICON-type negative-electrode active material (for example, LiTi2(PO4)3 or NaTi2(PO4)3).

Abstract: An electrochemical device is provided having a carboranyl magnesium electrolyte. Specifically the disclosure relates to an electrochemical device having a carboranyl magnesium electrolyte which is compatible with a magnesium anode and a cathode, and on non-noble metal still having oxidative stability >3.0V vs. a magnesium reference.