Abstract: A method of fabricating fluorescent diamond particles, and diamond particles fabricated by the method. The method comprises mounting a diamond body on a heat sink, the diamond body comprising a plurality of diamond particles having a particle size of no more than 250 micrometres and bound together in the diamond body by a binder. The diamond body is irradiated to generate vacancy defects in the diamond particles. The binder is then removed to separate the diamond body into diamond particles.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a zinc anode alkaline electrochemical cell includes (i) particles, comprising bismuth, and (ii) powder, comprising zinc. The particles have an average particle size of at most 135 nm.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the production of a niobium cavity exhibiting high quality factors at high gradients is provided. The apparatus comprises a first chamber positioned within a second chamber, an RF generator and vacuum pumping systems. The process comprises placing the niobium cavity in a first chamber of the apparatus; thermally treating the cavity by high temperature in the first chamber while maintaining high vacuum in the first and second chambers; and applying a passivating thin film layer to a surface of the cavity in the presence of a gaseous mixture and an RF field. Further a niobium cavity exhibiting high quality factors at high gradients produced by the method of the invention is provided.

Abstract: A signal transmission system includes: a transmitting section including a first carrier signal generating section configured to generate a carrier signal for modulation and a first frequency converting section configured to generate a transmission signal by frequency-converting a transmission object signal by the carrier signal for modulation, the carrier signal for modulation being generated by the first carrier signal generating section; and a receiving section including a second carrier signal generating section configured to generate a carrier signal for demodulation and a second frequency converting section configured to frequency-convert the transmission signal received by the carrier signal for demodulation, the carrier signal for demodulation being generated by the second carrier signal generating section.

Abstract: A superconducting magnet coil support with cooling and a method for coil cooling are provided. One superconducting coil support arrangement includes a superconducting coil and at least one support beam supporting the superconducting coil and defining a tank for storing a cooling fluid therein. The superconducting coil support arrangement further includes a plurality of cooling tubes coupled to the superconducting coil and connected to the at least one support beam, wherein the plurality of cooling tubes are configured to transfer the cooling fluid therethrough.

Abstract: A method of operating a superconductor in its superconductivity state at a temperature Tc(i) in the range of Tc* to Tc, where Tc* is greater than the superconductivity temperature Tc of the superconductor, includes cooling the superconductor to a temperature of Tc or less and applying energy to the superconductor after the superconductor has entered a superconducting state. The energy corresponds to the quantum energy h? in the range of a minimum energy less than E0 to less than E0, where E0 is the ground state of the two-dimensional excitation binding energy of the superconductor The superconductor is then cooled to the selected temperature Tc(i). The minimum energy is 8/9 of E0.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods forming the superconductor of as-grown film of MgB2 which is made with magnesium and boron ejected from a magnesium target and a boron target respectively each in simultaneously sputtering process. The as-grown film composed of a compound of magnesium and boron is a superconductor without annealed. The present invention can be applied to fabricate an integrated circuit of superconductor film, because the high temperature annealing process for the as-grown film of MgB2 is not needed.

Abstract: A method of making an oxide superconductor article includes providing an oxide filament comprising a textured oxide superconductor precursor having an effective oxide flow stress, (&sgr;c, in a silver-based matrix, and converting the textured oxide superconductor precursor into an oxide superconductor. During precursor conversion, a compression stress is applied to the oxide filament which is greater than or equal to the oxide flow stress (&sgr;c), the silver-based matrix having a flow stress, &sgr;s, whereby &sgr;s>&sgr;c under conditions of phase conversion so that material flow between the silver-based matrix and the oxide filament is substantially avoided.

Abstract: Carbonaceous materials based on the fullerene molecules have been developed which allow for superconductivity. The fullerene materials are soluble in common solvents.

Abstract: A levitating support and positioning system (10) is provided for orienting an electromagnetic energy reflecting assembly (40). System (10) includes a reflective member (60) supported by an annular ring (50) having a plurality of superconductors (70) disposed thereon. Ring (50) is levitated above a base surface (20) by means of a plurality of electromagnetic assemblies (30), each of the electromagnetic assemblies (30) corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of superconductive elements (70), whereby the magnetic fields generated by the electromagnetic assemblies (30) are repelled by the respective superconductive elements. The orientation of the support ring (50), and the reflector therewith, is adjusted by changing the relative magnetic field strength between each of the electromagnetic assemblies (30), allowing the reflector to be directed in both elevation and azimuth.

Abstract: An apparatus for eliminating a magnetic flux from a superconducting circuit comprises a substrate on which a superconducting circuit is formed, a heating fixture including resistance heating elements and provided in the vicinity of the superconducting circuit, a driving unit connected to the heating fixture for energizing the same by supplying a drive current to each resistance heating elements in the heating fixture. The heating fixture is so configured that, upon energization of the resistance heating elements in the heating fixture, there is formed a region of normal conduction state characterized by a temperature that exceeds the critical temperature of the normal conduction-superconduction transition, in at least a part of the superconducting circuit, and such that the heating fixture produces a minimized magnetic field upon the energization of the resistance heating elements.

Abstract: The transition temperature, the saturation current density with and without a magnetic field and the proportions of normally conducting phases of ceramic superconductors having a structure derived from perovskite are adjusted by changing the content of the electronegative component or, where a plurality of such components is present, of one of the electronegative components in the ion lattice of the superconductor directly on the substrate.

Abstract: Shock wave formation of thin layers of materials with improved superconducting and permanent magnetic properties and improved microstructures.The material fabrication system includes a sandwiched structure including a powder material placed between two solid members to enable explosive shock consolidation. The two solid members are precooled to about 80.degree.-100.degree. K. to reduce the residual temperatures attained as a result of the shock wave treatment, and thereby increase the quench rate of the consolidated powder.