Abstract: Mixed alcohols are produced from syngas. The syngas is provided to a catalyst in a reactor at selected temperatures and pressures. Reactive products, including mixed alcohols, are removed from the reactor. Non-reactive components are removed from the mixed alcohols of their reaction products. At least part of the non-reactive components are reintroduced in the reactor along with syngas. The non-reactive components are a solvent or a supercritical fluid. The nonreactive components can be reintroduced into the reactor with reactive components such as methanol or CO2.

Abstract: Methods for converting polyols are provided. The methods provided can include using a metal pincer catalyst (e.g., an iridium pincer catalyst) to remove at least one alcohol group from a polyol. The methods provided can include converting glycerol to 1,3-propanediol.

Abstract: A method of reacting one or more components in a liquid phase to form an organic product, the method including feeding a carbon-based gas to a high shear device; feeding a hydrogen-based liquid medium to the high shear device; using the high shear device to form a dispersion comprising the carbon-based gas and the hydrogen-based liquid medium, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than about 5 ?m; introducing the dispersion into a reactor; and reacting the dispersion to produce the organic product.

Abstract: Catalysts for the reduction of CO2 are described herein. More specifically, catalysts of Formula I and Formula II: wherein LB is a Lewis base; LA is a Lewis acid; R1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl; and R9 and R10 are independently selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl; are described. A process for the production of methanol from CO2 using such catalysts is also described.

Abstract: A method and a means are provided, by which multiple types of cells can be simultaneously measured with high sensitivity by an ATP luminescence method. A method for measuring cells in a sample is provided, which comprises the steps of adding methanol to a sample suspected of containing viable cells to increase ATP within viable cells, extracting intracellular ATP, and causing extracted ATP to emit luminescence.

Abstract: Recombinant bacterial microorganisms are provided which comprise heterologous fatty acyl reductases (“FAR”) polypeptides wherein said microorganisms have been engineered to produce increased amounts of saturated fatty alcohols and methods of making saturated fatty alcohols using the recombinant bacterial microorganisms.

Abstract: PFRs for running multiphasic processes are disclosed. The PFRs are single or multi-chamber devices having at least three types of regions (a liquid-contacting region, a gas-contacting region and a liquid-collection region), and a porous substrate providing fluid communication at least between the liquid-contacting and gas-contacting regions. Removal of liquid from the porous substrate, such as by collecting the liquid as it flows off the bottom of the porous substrate in the liquid-collection region or such as by evaporation of the liquid from the porous substrate in the evaporation region supports a continuous flow process. Methods of using the PFRs are also disclosed, for example methods of using the PFRs as photobioreactors for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms, for producing fermentable sugars, for producing ethanol, for fermenting synthesis gas and producing single cell protein from natural gas.

Abstract: Methods of producing clean (e.g., low sulfur and metal ion content, and free of fermentation inhibitors) sugar and lignin-rich streams, and downstream conversion products, from lignocellulosic biomass, may include obtaining non-chemically pretreated, milled lignocellulosic biomass, reacting the milled lignocellulosic biomass with an enzymatic agent to produce a slurry that includes converted monomeric lignocellulosic sugars and lignin-rich residuals, and separating the slurry into a sugar stream that includes the converted monomeric lignocellulosic sugars and a lignin-rich stream that includes the lignin-rich residuals. The sugar stream, not including water, includes at least 75% monomeric lignocellulosic sugar, less than 0.20% sulfur, and less than 3.0% metal ion content, and the lignin-rich stream includes at least 35% lignin and less than 0.50% sulfur.

Abstract: A polymeric composition that includes at least one polymer and an effective amount of a nanoparticulate component. The nanoparticulate component is at least one of inorganic functional nanoparticulate compounds and graphene in which the nanoparticulate component is associated with the polymer. The polymer disclosed herein can have electromagnetic activity. The resulting polymeric composition exhibit a measurable electrical conductivity (?) range of 10?14 to 4.7*106 (S/m) at 20° C. A polymeric precursor that includes at least one component selected from the group that includes isocyanates, polyisocyanates, MDI-terminated prepolymers and an effective amount of a nanoparticulate component. The nanoparticulate component is at least one of inorganic functional nanoparticulate component being at least one of inorganic functional nanoparticulate compounds and graphene that is associated with the prepolymer.

Abstract: A process for producing liquid fuel and liquid water from a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and water vapor. The gas stream can be ambient air. In the process, carbon dioxide and water vapor are adsorbed onto an adsorbent. The gases are desorbed from the adsorbent to create a reaction mixture for forming the liquid fuel, such as methanol. Excess water vapor is condensed to form liquid water, which can be used in a variety of ways.

Abstract: Provided herein is a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a methanol metabolic pathway that can enhance the availability of reducing equivalents in the presence of methanol. Such reducing equivalents can be used to increase the product yield of organic compounds produced by the microbial organism, such as 1,2-propanediol, n-propanol, 1,3-propanediol or glycerol. Also provided herein are methods for using such an organism to produce 1,2-propanediol, n-propanol, 1,3-propanediol or glycerol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting hydrocarbons into products containing aldehydes and/or alcohols. The invention also relates to producing olefins from the aldehyde and alcohol, to polymerizing the olefins, and to equipment useful for these processes.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for recovering dichlorohydrins from a hydrochlorination reactor effluent stream comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts. The reactor effluent stream is distilled to produce a dichlorohydrin-rich vapor phase effluent stream. The dichlorohydrin-rich vapor phase effluent stream is cooled and condensed in two unit operations conducted at two different temperatures and a portion of the liquid phase effluent stream produced by the first unit operation is recycled to the distillation step for reflux. Product streams produced by the process and apparatus are suitable for further processing in a further unit operation, such as dehydrochlorination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the simultaneous production of a fermented, solid product and ethanol comprising the following steps: 1) providing a mixture of milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides and live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 2:1 to 100:1, and water; 2) fermenting the mixture resulting from step (1) under conditions where the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65% by weight, for 1-36 hours at a temperature of about 25-60° C. under anaerobic conditions; 3) incubating the fermented mixture resulting from step (2) for 0.5-240 minutes at a temperature of about 70-150° C.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for removing and/or converting contaminants in water-miscible organic solvent mixtures by surface interaction effects to forms less objectionable with lesser metabolic impacts for humans. The process both changes distillation entrapped contaminant compounds in-situ and effects removal of the compounds and their reaction products. In what follows, water-miscible-organic-solvent and water mixtures can be substituted for alcohols. The alcohol to be treated is placed in a ventilated vessel leaving room for head space. Contaminant free air or a specific organic-contaminant-free gas is injected into or otherwise placed in contact with the alcohol. A vacuum is pulled within the vessel, which draws the gas through the alcohol into the head space creating gas bubbles. Energy within a specified range of frequencies is imparted to the fluid causing cavitation and reaction.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrolysate from cellulosic material by adding hydrothermally treated stillage or a fraction thereof to cellulosic material, treating the mixture of hydrothermally treated stillage and cellulosic material with at least one hydrolyzing enzyme, and hydrolyzing and converting complex carbohydrates in the cellulosic material. The hydrolysate produced by the method. Ethanol, organic acids, and organism metabolites produced by the method. Biomass produced by the method. A method of increasing sugar production rate and yield of sugars from cellulosic material by adding hydrothermally treated stillage or a fraction thereof to cellulosic material, treating the mixture of hydrothermally treated stillage and cellulosic material with at least one hydrolyzing enzyme, and hydrolyzing complex carbohydrates in the cellulosic material and forming sugars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lamellar structure which stabilizes oil and to a cleansing composition comprising the lamellar structure. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lamellar structure, which stabilizes oil to be used in a cleansing composition so that high-content oil is converted to a lamellar phase and contained in a composition. The present invention also relates to a cleansing composition which comprises the lamellar structure which enables the composition to contain high-content oil in a stable manner and to thus provide superior moisturizing ability.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is to an ethanol composition comprising at least 92 wt. % ethanol and from 20 wppm to 94 wppm isopropanol. The composition may be free of methanol and acetaldehyde.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning method by which the performance of a microchip can be recovered and a cleaning liquid. A method for cleaning a microfluidic device comprising: cleaning a channel that is formed in the microfluidic device, has a surface having a polymer coating, and has been brought into contact with a sample containing nucleic acid and/or protein, by bringing the channel into contact with a cleaning liquid comprised only of an organic solvent having solubility in at least the same volume of water at 25° C., or a cleaning liquid containing 50 vol % or more of the organic solvent in a buffer solution. The method wherein the buffer solution has a pH of 8 to 10. The method wherein the buffer solution further contains 3 to 8M of a protein denaturant. The method wherein the buffer solution has a pH of 2 to 4.

Abstract: The invention provides for a method for processing heavy oil from any sources including tar sands, oil shales, varied residues in a bi-reforming process utilizing reaction conditions with steam and carbon dioxide sufficient to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to form methanol. Methanol produced can be dehydrated to form dimethyl ether, with water produced being recycled back to the bi-reforming process.

Abstract: A continuous source of biofuel is disclosed that is formed from at least one colonizing entity, at least one cellulosic material and at least one carbohydrate conversion source. A process for producing a continuous source of biofuel comprises: providing at least one colonizing entity, providing at least one cellulosic material, providing at least one carbohydrate conversion source, combining the at least one colonizing entity, the at least one cellulosic material and the at least one carbohydrate conversion source to form a biofuel-precursor, incubating the biofuel-precursor at a temperature for a time period in order to produce a biofuel. In contemplated embodiments, the biofuel comprises ethanol.

Abstract: Integrated processes are disclosed for reducing the carbon foot print related to the use of non-renewable hydrocarbon gas streams for producing alcohols by anaerobic bioconversion of reformed gas. These processes combine renewable and non-renewable gas sources of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to produce alcohol. Thus the invention found a highly a practical way to make use of non-renewable carbon oxide sources while still lowering the carbon footprint of such alcohols produced thereby, especially when combined with corn ethanol production. In the case of motor fuel use, the renewable portion of the alcohol produced in this manner provides a reduction in greenhouse gases by 50% or more when compared to gasoline.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a system and method for co-producing a first product and a second product. The system may include a first electrochemical cell, at least one second reactor, and an acidification chamber. The method and system for co-producing a first product and a second product may include co-producing a carboxylic acid and at least one of an alkene, alkyne, aldehyde, ketone, or an alcohol while employing a recycled halide salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing porous or finely divided solid inorganic materials, the surface of which has been modified with at least one organic substance, under supercritical conditions, wherein the supercritical conditions are lowered by addition of an inert organic substance.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe absolute alcohol of high quality free from an off-odor and a method for producing the same. The present invention provides a method for producing an absolute alcohol containing not more than 0.4 mg/L of acetal by subjecting a raw material alcohol to a zeolite membrane treatment, the raw material alcohol being obtained by distilling a crude alcohol, and having an alcohol concentration of not less than 95 v/v %, and the raw material alcohol containing not more than 5 mg/L of acetaldehyde and not more than 60 mg/L of a total amount of organic impurities. According to the present invention, an absolute alcohol can be produced, which absolute alcohol is highly safe to the human body and has a quality that no off-odor is felt by human senses. In addition, the contents of diacetyl and crotonaldehyde in the raw material alcohol may be set at levels not more than particular values, respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms as hosts, such that the organisms efficiently produce alkanes, and in particular the use of such organisms for the commercial production of alkanes and related molecules. Other materials, methods, and compositions are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the production of chemical compounds, particularly but not exclusively ethanol, by microbial fermentation. Also described are genetically modified micro-organisms capable of using carbon monoxide to produce one or more products, particularly but not exclusively ethanol as a main product, and producing a reduced amount or substantially no 2,3-butanediol and/or a precursor thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a vinyl chloride seed, comprising adding a vinyl chloride monomer, an emulsifier and a polymerization initiator to an aqueous medium, homogenizing droplets using a homogenizer pump, and polymerizing the homogenized droplets. The method provides a more stable latex by minimizing residual monomers by performing polymerization after adding a higher aliphatic alcohol serving as a monomer absorption enhancer and then performing homogenization, and additionally, improves productivity and reduces amount of scale generated by increasing the efficiency of monomer consumption during polymerization. Further, by applying the vinyl chloride-based seed to seed emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride resins, polymer reactivity is improved, the reaction time of the seed emulsion polymerization is effectively reduced, the sizes of small and large particles are controlled and the particle diameter of the vinyl chloride resin is thus controlled.

Abstract: An inbred corn line designated I9545 is disclosed. The invention relates to the plants and seeds of inbred corn line I9545 and methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing the inbred corn line I9545 with itself or with another corn plant. The invention also relates to methods for producing a corn plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic corn plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to corn cultivars and plant parts derived from inbred corn line I9545 and to methods for producing other corn cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from inbred corn line I9545, and to the corn plants and parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid corn seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing inbred corn line I9545 with another corn cultivar.

Abstract: The present technology provides a carbon fiber reinforced plastic that includes carbon fibers covalently bonded to an energetic polymer and a polymer matrix. Also described is a method for recycling carbon fibers from the carbon fiber reinforced plastic material using microwave energy to separate the carbon fibers from the polymer matrix.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a bioreactor for producing a bioproduct comprising a housing; and one or more catalytically active zones located in the housing and adapted to keep two incompatible gaseous reactants separated when in a gas phase, wherein each of said catalytically active zone comprises a catalytic component retainer and a catalytic component retained within and/or on the catalytic component retainer. Each of said catalytically active zones may additionally or alternatively comprise a liquid medium located on either side of the catalytic component retainer and the catalytic component may additionally or alternatively be a suspended catalytic component suspended in a liquid medium located on either side of the catalytic component retainer. Methods of using various embodiments of the bioreactor to produce a bioproduct, such as isobutanol, are also provided.

Abstract: Economic conversion of lignocellulose requires both the maximization of conversion of available carbohydrates, as well as minimization of process capital cost. Process intensification minimizes capital cost while preserving conversion yield by combining into a single step those unit operations that are conducted at similar conditions. Flowsheet variations are proposed that minimize process capital while maintaining overall conversion yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transgenic corn event MON89034, and cells, seeds, and plants comprising DNA diagnostic for the corn event. The invention also provides compositions comprising nucleotide sequences that are diagnostic for said corn event in a sample, methods for detecting the presence of said corn event nucleotide sequences in a sample, probes and primers for use in detecting nucleotide sequences that are diagnostic for the presence of said corn event in a sample, growing the seeds of such corn event into corn plants, and breeding to produce corn plants comprising DNA diagnostic for the corn event.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods, including polynucleotide sequences, amino acid sequences, and engineered host cells for producing fatty acids and derivates of fatty acids such as acyl-CoA, terminal olefins, fatty aldehydes, fatty alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, wax esters, ketones and internal olefins through altered expression of the transcription factor, fadR.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a pesticide and an alkoxylate. The invention further relates to the alkoxylate, to a method for the production thereof and to the use thereof as adjuvant in pesticide-comprising spray mixtures. The invention further relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesirable plant growth and/or undesirable insect or mite infestation and/or for regulating the growth of plants, wherein the composition is allowed to act on the respective pests, the habitat thereof or the plants to be protected from the respective pest, on the soil and/or on undesirable plants and/or the crop plants and/or the habitat thereof. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed comprising the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Abstract: Hydrogenolysis systems are provided that can include a reactor housing an Ru-comprising hydrogenolysis catalyst and wherein the contents of the reactor is maintained at a neutral or acidic pH. Reactant reservoirs within the system can include a polyhydric alcohol compound and a base, wherein a weight ratio of the base to the compound is less than 0.05. Systems also include the product reservoir comprising a hydrogenolyzed polyhydric alcohol compound and salts of organic acids, and wherein the moles of base are substantially equivalent to the moles of salts or organic acids. Processes are provided that can include an Ru-comprising catalyst within a mixture having a neutral or acidic pH. A weight ratio of the base to the compound can be between 0.01 and 0.05 during exposing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemically functionalized submicron graphitic fibril having a diameter or thickness less than 1 ?m, wherein the fibril is free of continuous thermal carbon overcoat, free of continuous hollow core, and free of catalyst. The fibril is obtained by splitting a micron-scaled carbon fiber or graphite fiber along the fiber axis direction. These functionalized graphitic fibrils exhibit exceptionally high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high elastic modulus, high strength and good interfacial bonding with a matrix resin in a composite. The present invention also provides several products that contain submicron graphitic fibrils: (a) paper, thin-film, mat, and web products; (b) rubber or tire products; (c) energy conversion or storage devices, such as fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors; (d) adhesives, inks, coatings, paints, lubricants, and grease products; (e) heavy metal ion scavenger; (f) absorbent (e.g.

Abstract: At least one isolated microorganism and a fermentation method to convert hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, and/or carbon monoxide gas to a lower alkyl alcohol and/or carboxylic acid and to produce at least 2% by volume of the lower alkyl alcohol or carboxylic acid in an aqueous-based medium.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes for adjusting a fermentation medium to reduce the activity of one or more carboxylic acids. The processes comprise (a) providing a recombinant microorganism comprising an engineered butanol biosynthetic pathway, (b) contacting the recombinant microorganism with a fermentation medium whereby butanol is produced and wherein the fermentation medium comprises one or more carboxylic acids, and (c) adjusting the fermentation medium to reduce the activity of the one or more carboxylic acids. Also provided are processes for reducing the activity of one or more carboxylic acids in a feed. The processes comprise (a) providing a feed from a fermentation vessel, wherein the feed comprises a composition produced by a recombinant microorganism comprising an engineered butanol biosynthetic pathway, wherein the composition comprises butanol, water, and one or more carboxylic acids; and (b) adjusting the feed, wherein adjusting the feed reduces the activity of the one or more carboxylic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-infective drug-macrolide derivate, preparation and uses thereof. Macrolide derivate, namely erythromycin ethylsuccinate crystalline hydrate, which has less moisture absorption and good storage stability, can be used in the preparation of medicaments for the treatment and prevention of human or animal infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive or negative bacteria.

Abstract: This disclosure describes providing techniques to treat large-size solids obtained from a slurry or a mash in dextrin production process as can be used in an alcohol production process. This disclosure describes a process for separating a large-particles stream from a liquid stream containing small particles of a process stream using a first mechanical separation device. The process further includes adding water to the large-particles stream to create a lower-solids stream in a cook tank. In an embodiment, the process may grind the large particles from the large-particles stream. In another embodiment, the process may adjust conditions (temperature, pH, processing aids addition) of the lower-solids stream in the cook tank and incubating for a predetermined amount of time. The process further includes separating components from the lower-solids stream by using a second mechanical separation device.

Abstract: Hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may produce a glycol reaction product for subsequent processing.

Abstract: Provided are methods for storing gases on porous adsorbents, methods for optimizing the storage of gases on porous adsorbents, methods of making porous adsorbents, and methods of gas storage of optimized compositions, as in systems containing porous adsorbents and gas adsorbed on the surface of the porous adsorbent. The disclosed methods and systems feature a constant or increasing isosteric enthalpy of adsorption as a function of uptake of the gas onto the exposed surface of a porous adsorbent. Adsorbents with a porous geometry and surface dimensions suited to a particular adsorbate are exposed to the gas at elevated pressures in the specific regime where n/V (density) is larger than predicted by the ideal gas law by more than several percent.

Abstract: A method for producing methanol from a methane source such as methane from natural (shale) gas by first reacting one equivalent of methane with oxygen from the air to result in complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water in a molar ratio of 1:2; then conducting a bi-reforming process with a mixture of methane: carbon dioxide:water having a ratio of 3:1:2 to produce metgas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a molar ratio of 2:1 to 2.1:1; and finally converting metgas exclusively to methanol. The thus produced methanol can be dehydrated to form dimethyl ether, with water produced being recycled back to the bi-reforming process, if necessary.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods useful for producing fatty alcohol compositions from recombinant host cells. The disclosure further provides variant fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) enzymes, polynucleotides encoding the variant FAR enzymes, and vectors and host cells comprising the same.

Abstract: Purification and/or recovery of ethanol from a crude ethanol product obtained from the hydrogenation of acetic acid. Separation and purification processes of a crude ethanol mixture are employed to allow recovery of ethanol and remove impurities. In particular, the process involves one or more sidedraws to regulate C3+ alcohols concentration in the recovered ethanol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an isolated Muscodor albus strain producing volatile organic compounds such as aristolene, 3-octanone and/or acetic acid ester, as well as cultures of said strain and compositions, metabolites and volatiles derived from said strain or culture as well as methods of obtaining said compositions, metabolites and volatiles and their methods of use for controlling pests. Also disclosed are artificial compositions having the same components and uses as the volatiles derived from the strain. A method for capturing and sampling the volatiles is also disclosed.

Abstract: Mixed alcohols are produced from syngas. The syngas is provided to a catalyst in a reactor at selected temperatures and pressures. Reactive products, including mixed alcohols, are removed from the reactor. Non-reactive components are removed from the mixed alcohols of their reaction products. At least part of the non-reactive components are reintroduced in the reactor along with syngas. The non-reactive components are a solvent or a super critical fluid. The non-reactive components can be reintroduced into the reactor with reactive components such as methanol or CO2.

Abstract: Provided herein are polypeptides having ketol-aid reductoisomerase activity as well as microbial host cells comprising such polypeptides. Polypeptides provided herein may be used in biosynthetic pathways, including, but not limited to, isobutanol biosynthetic pathways.