Abstract: A system and method for performing an electrocardiogram is described herein. The system may include one or more of an electrode strip, a data recorder, a connector, one or more computing platforms, and/or other components. The electrode strip may include multiple electrodes configured to provide signals conveying information associated with electrocardiograms. The multiple electrodes may be integrated into the electrode strip. The data recorder may be configured to receive and record information associated with electrocardiograms. Information associated with electrocardiograms may be communicated from the electrode strip to the data recorder via a connector. The connector may include a cableless connector. In some implementations, the information associated with electrocardiograms may be transmitted to one or more computing platforms.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with a novel structure is provided. The semiconductor device includes a sensor, an amplifier circuit to which a sensor signal of the sensor is input, a sample-and-hold circuit that retains a voltage corresponding to an output signal of an amplifier input to the sample-and-hold circuit, an analog-to-digital converter circuit to which an output signal of the sample-and-hold circuit corresponding to the voltage is input, and an interface circuit. The interface circuit has a function of switching and controlling a first control period in which the sensor signal is input to the amplifier circuit and an output signal of the amplifier circuit is retained in the sample-and-hold circuit and a second control period in which a digital signal obtained by output of the voltage retained in the sample-and-hold circuit to the analog-to-digital converter circuit is output to the interface circuit.

Abstract: An illustrative optical measurement device includes a light source configured to emit light pulses directed at a target. The optical measurement device further includes a detector configured to detect arrival times for photons of the light pulses after the photons are scattered by the target. The optical measurement device further includes a processing unit configured to generate, based on the arrival times of the photons at the detector, histogram data associated with the target. The processing unit is further configured to determine, based on the histogram data, an absolute optical property associated with the target. The processing unit is further configured to determine, based on the absolute optical property, a blood oxygenation level of the user, and perform an operation based on the blood oxygenation level.

Abstract: An information display and control system that enables a fast and easy understanding and management of the status of the patient's dialysis is disclosed. Also disclosed is an information display and control system that enables a fast and easy understanding and management of the status of the patient's cardiovascular and ventilation systems. The system can control management of a patient's dialysis, as well as administration and management of a patient's medication and fluids. The display is organized by goals related to management of patient's dialysis machine, blood flow, dialyzer flow, and patient's body weight. The display is also organized by goals related to management of patient's cardiovascular system, ventilation system, and medications and fluids administration and management. Such goals include urea reduction rate, urea reduction ratio, fractional urea clearance, total urea reduction, dialysis treatment duration, hemodynamics, oxygenation, CO2 removal, medication status, and fluids status.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for detecting configuration for a patient worn sensor assembly are described. In one aspect a method includes receiving, by a computer system, sensor assembly data for a particular sensor assembly, accessing, by the computer system, sensor assembly identifier information defining a plurality of sensor assembly identifiers, where each sensor assembly identifier is associated with a respective sensor assembly, identifying, by the computer system and based on the sensor assembly data, a particular sensor assembly identifier for the particular sensor assembly, and determining, by the computer system, configuration information for the particular sensor assembly based on the particular sensor assembly identifier.

Abstract: A vital sign information processing system includes a sensor configured to be attached to a living body, and an information acquisition apparatus configured to acquire vital sign information of the living body through the sensor. A first memory is disposed in the sensor and stores first site information indicative of a site at which the sensor is to be used. A second memory is disposed in the information acquisition apparatus and stores second site information indicative of a site at which the information acquisition apparatus is to be used. A processor disposed in the information acquisition apparatus causes the information acquisition apparatus to perform notification when the first site information and the second site information are not matched.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information of an object of interest may include a processor configured to obtain a plurality of pulse wave signals of an object via a plurality of channels, determine a plurality of oxygen saturation values corresponding to the plurality of channels based on the plurality of pulse wave signals, select a channel to be used for estimating the bio-information of the object of interest from among the plurality of channels based on the plurality of oxygen saturation values, and estimate the bio-information of the object of interest based on a pulse wave signal corresponding to the selected channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods of optical transcutaneous oxygenation monitoring. The oxygenation monitor comprises a photoluminescent oxygen-sensitive probe, a photon source positioned to direct photons at the probe, a photodetector positioned to detect light emitted from the probe when the photon source directs photons at the probe, a controller in electrical communication with the photon source and the photodetector, the controller being configured to execute a program stored in the controller to calculate a level of oxygen adjacent the probe from an electrical signal received from the photodetector. The photon source, the photodetector, and the controller are disposed in or on a support structure.

Abstract: A sensor module includes a ring-shaped member; and a semiconductor device that is provided on the ring-shaped member. The semiconductor device includes: a wiring substrate that has flexibility; and electronic components that are mounted on the wiring substrate. The wiring substrate has component mounting regions, wherein at least one electronic component is mounted in each of the component mounting regions, and component non-mounting regions, wherein no electronic component is mounted in each of the component non-mounting regions. The component mounting regions and the component non-mounting regions are provided alternately in a longitudinal direction of the wiring substrate. The component non-mounting regions are curved along an outer circumferential direction of the ring-shaped member.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an image acquiring unit that acquires a first frame image obtained by photographing a photographic subject and a second frame image obtained by photographing the photographic subject at a timing different from that of the first frame image; an oxygen saturation calculating unit that calculates an oxygen saturation by using the first frame image and the second frame image; a reliability calculating unit that calculates reliability of the oxygen saturation, calculated by the oxygen calculating unit, by using a signal ratio that is a ratio between a pixel value in a first specific wavelength range corresponding to a specific wavelength range of the first frame image and a pixel value in a second specific wavelength range corresponding to the specific wavelength range of the second frame image; and an information amount adjusting unit that adjusts an information amount of the oxygen saturation by using the reliability.

Abstract: A chest compression monitor for measuring the depth of chest compressions achieved during CPR. A sensor of the chest compression monitor is disposed within its housing such that compression of the housing due to CPR compressions, and its resultant deformation, is detected by the sensor and used by the control system as the starting point for calculating chest compression depth based on an acceleration signal indicative of the downward displacement of the chest.

Abstract: Presented are concepts for monitoring cardio-respiratory function of a patient. One such concept employs an optical sensor unit (10) for sensing light from tissue of the patient in response to temporary airway pressure changes provided via a respiratory support unit (50). By sensing variations in blood volume in the central site vein in response to temporary airway pressure changes, venous information of the person may be obtained.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for evaluating an alarm condition for a monitored patient in a population of one or more patients. One or more physiological parameters pertaining to the patient, or physiological variables, are used to form a time series describing the patient status. A quantile threshold is determined for a patient. A monitor is initialized and begins generating a binary raw alarm signal. The binary signal is filtered with a low pass filter, and the filtered data is subjected to a quantile operation to determine if a particular sample exceeds the determined quantile threshold. If the quantile threshold is exceeded, then a check is performed to see if the raw binary alarm signal also indicates an alarm. If both the preliminary alarm indication and the raw binary signal indicate an alarm, then an alarm is emitted; otherwise monitoring continues.

Abstract: An example system for estimating a hydration level of an individual can include: a mechanism configured to apply mechanical pressure to a digit of the individual; an light detector configured to sense the light from the digit; and a controller programmed to perform functions including: send a first signal to the mechanism to apply the mechanical pressure to the digit; send a second signal to the mechanism to release the mechanical pressure on the digit; determine a capillary refill time based upon a third signal from the light detector indicating an amount of time for capillaries of the individual to refill with blood; and estimate the hydration level of the individual based upon the capillary refill time and one or more additional parameters.

Abstract: A total hemoglobin index system derives total hemoglobin (tHb) index value utilizing a depopulated emitter with an index set of LEDs. A patient fails a tHb index test if tHb measurements are trending down and/or tHb values fall below a predefined index threshold. If a patient fails the tHb index test, a high resolution sensor derives a specific tHb measurement utilizing a high resolution set of LEDs. The number of high resolution set LEDs is greater than the number of index set LEDs.

Abstract: A physiological parameter sensor system includes a housing with a first cell and a plurality of second cells. A first sensor system element (either an emitter or a detector) resides in the first cell. Second sensor system elements reside in at least some of the second cells. If the first sensor system element is an emitter, each second sensor system element is a detector, and vice versa. The housing is conformable to the contours of a patient to ensure that the sensor system elements are closely coupled to the patient's skin. The system identifies the emitter which yields the best quality signal at the detector (or the detector which receives the best quality signal from the emitter). The system then uses only the identified emitter/detector pair. The system is compact, places only modest demands on battery power, and tolerates being positioned at a nonoptimal locations on the patient's body.

Abstract: Robust estimation of a characteristic of a user's physiological signals can be achieved by filtering or classifying samples. Rather than estimating the characteristic of the user's physiological signals based on each sample at a first wavelength and a second wavelength, a robust system and method can, in some examples, estimate the characteristic using samples at the first wavelength and the second wavelength that meet one or more criteria and filter out samples that fail to meet the one or more criteria. In some examples, the system and method can weight samples based on the one or more criteria, and estimate the characteristic using the weighted samples. Samples failing to meet the one or more criteria can be given less weight or no weight in the estimation. The one or more criteria can include a criterion based on at least the physiological signal at a third wavelength.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include a sensor configured to store in memory indications of sensor use information and formulas or indications of formulas for determining the useful life of a sensor from the indications of sensor use information. A monitor connected to the sensor monitors sensor use and stores indications of the use on sensor memory. The monitor and/or sensor compute the useful life of the sensor from the indications of use and the formulas. When the useful life of the sensor is reached, an indication is given to replace the sensor.

Abstract: A wireless-connectivity system includes a sensor dongle configured to be electrically connected to a sensor device, a monitor dongle configured to be electrically connected to a medical monitor system, and a dongle-connectivity management hub configured to cause a wireless coupling to be established between the sensor dongle and the monitor dongle. The sensor dongle is configured to receive sensor data from the sensor and wirelessly transmit data to the monitor dongle via the wireless coupling, the data being based at least in part on the sensor data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to devices, systems, methods and computer program products for continuously monitoring, diagnosing and providing treatment assistance to patients using sensor devices, location-sensitive and power-sensitive communication systems, analytical engines, and remote systems. The method of non-invasively measuring multiple physiological parameters in a patient includes collecting photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal data from a wearable sensor device, applying one or more filters to correct the signal data and extracting a plurality of features from the corrected data to determine values for blood glucose, blood pressure, SpO2, respiration rate, and pulse rate of the patient. An alert may be automatically sent to one or more computing devices when the value falls outside a custom computed threshold range for the patient.

Abstract: A pulse photometry probe which is to be attached to a living tissue of a subject includes a light emitter that emits a light beam toward the living tissue of the patient, a light detector that receives the light beam emitted from the light emitter and passing through the living tissue, to produce a vital signal, a vital data acquiring section that acquires vital data of the patient based on the vital signal, and a wireless communicating section that wirelessly transmits the vital data.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating blood pressure (BP) using photoplethysmogram (PPG) has been explained. The PPG is captured from a PPG sensor (102). For preparing training model, a pulse oximeter is used for capturing PPG. For testing, a smartphone camera is used for capturing the PPG signal. A plurality of features are extracted from the preprocessed PPG signal. A BP distribution is then generated using the plurality of features and the training model. The BP distribution is part of a set of BP distributions generated from different subjects. Finally, a post-processing methodology have been used to reject inconsistent data out of the set of BP distributions and BP value is estimated only for the remaining BP distributions and a statistical average is provided as the blood pressure estimate.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods for measuring environmental exposure and physiological response thereto are provided. A monitoring apparatus worn by a subject includes a physiological sensor that detects physiological information from the subject, an environmental exposure sensor that detects at least one airborne analyte in a vicinity of the subject, and a processor. The processor processes signals produced by the environmental exposure sensor and calculates a volumetric concentration of the least one airborne analyte. In addition, the processor process signals produced by the at least one physiological sensor to determine a physiological response of the subject to the at least one airborne analyte. The apparatus also includes a motion sensor and the processor calculates a distance traveled by the subject via signals produced by the motion sensor and calculates a volume of air to which the subject has been exposed using the distance traveled by the subject.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method, device and system for determining total circulating blood volume (BV) using a minimally invasive technique.

Abstract: An oximeter probe includes sensor head with a probe face having one or more sensor structures to make measurements, a handle, and an elastic member connected between the handle and the base. A user can hold the handle while measurements are made and the elastic member permits the handle to flex relative to the sensor head with one or more sensor structures.

Abstract: There is provided a wearable device for measuring cardiac activity of a user, the wearable device comprising: an optical cardiac activity sensor unit configured to be placed in contact with a measurement area and to enable cardiac activity measurement of the user to obtain a cardiac activity signal; a plurality of electrodes configured to enable bioimpedance measurement on the measurement area to obtain a bioimpedance signal; a detector unit for detecting changes in the bioimpedance signal; and a reducer unit for reducing a motion artefact effect on the cardiac activity signal based on the detected changes in the bioimpedance signal.

Abstract: Methods and devices and systems including a communication module operatively coupled to a data collection module for communicating the stored analyte related data after the analyte related data is stored in the data collection module over a predetermined time period, and a user interface unit configured to communicate with the communication module to receive from the communication module the stored analyte related data in the data collection module over the predetermined time period, and to output information associated with the monitored analyte level, where the user interface unit is configured to operate in a prospective analysis mode including substantially real time output of information associated with the monitored analyte level, or a retrospective analysis mode including limited output of information during the predetermined time period wherein no information related to the monitored analyte level is output during the predetermined time period, are provided.

Abstract: An endoscope system 10 includes: an image acquiring unit 54 that acquires an endoscope image obtained by imaging an observation target; a baseline information calculating unit 86 that calculates baseline information by using the endoscope image or a display endoscope image 101 generated by using the endoscope image, the baseline information being information about light scattering characteristics or light absorbing characteristics of the observation target and information that is at least not dependent on particular biological information; an imaging scene determination unit 87 that determines the imaging scene by using the baseline information; and a condition setting unit 88 that sets a condition for imaging or image processing, by using a determination result of the imaging scene determination unit.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a light emitting device for an optical sensor based on signal quality and/or power consumption requirements. Drive current and/or integration time is controlled as a function of detected ambient light or signal quality. As the signal quality decreases the drive current or integration time can be adjusted to provide a more usable signal. If after some criteria for reduction, such as “time on” or high signal quality, then the drive current can be decreased.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus includes a first light source for emitting light of a first wavelength, a second light source for emitting laser light of a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, a first optical detector for receiving scattered laser light of the second wavelength from a measured part, a second optical detector for receiving transmitted light of the first wavelength from the measured part, a third optical detector for receiving transmitted laser light of the second wavelength from the measured part, and a controller configured to measure a blood flow amount based on an output of the first optical detector and an oxygen saturation based on outputs of the second optical detector and the third optical detector.

Abstract: A method and system for adjusting the AUC limit threshold to reduce the number of false alarms. In one embodiment the method includes the steps of: defining a AUC limit threshold; defining a saturation limit threshold for a desired oxygen saturation level; periodically measuring a patient's measured oxygen saturation level over time; calculating the difference between the patient's measured oxygen saturation and defined saturation limit threshold; summing the differences between the patient's measured oxygen saturation and defined saturation limit threshold over a time interval wherein the patient's measured oxygen saturation is less than defined saturation limit threshold, wherein the summation defines a measured AUC; comparing the measured AUC over the time interval against the defined AUC limit threshold; determining regions in which the measured AUC exceeds the defined AUC limit threshold; and adjusting the AUC limit threshold.

Abstract: A measurement system for measuring blood characteristics includes a controller, an emitter, a sensor, and a reference sensor. The emitter emits light at a plurality of wavelengths from a first side of a blood flow channel to a second side of the blood flow channel. The sensor is provided on the second side of the blood flow channel. The reference sensor is provided on the first side of the blood flow channel. The controller compensates measurements from the sensor based upon measurements from the reference sensor. The reference sensor may be disposed in a position to increase noise immunity of the measurement system. The measurement system may be connected to or part of a dialysis system.

Abstract: An apparatus including a plurality of light sources configured to emit light for reflection from tissue of a user wearing the apparatus, at least one light detector configured to detect light that enters the light detector to produce a detected signal for a physiological measurement, and a light-conducting element configured to conduct light to the light detector, wherein the apparatus is configured to allow light reflected from the tissue of the user to enter the light-conducting element at a plurality of spatially separated locations.

Abstract: A system for managing medical events, includes: at least one medical sensor, configured to output a plurality of sensor measurements; at least one display; at least one hardware processor connected to the medical sensor and the display, and adapted to: receive a plurality of events, each having a time of occurrence, including the plurality of measurements and a plurality of external events; identify a target sequence of events in the plurality of events; identify in the plurality of events a plurality of matching sequences, each including a sequence of events matching the target sequence; augment each of the matching sequences with some temporally related events according to a predefined time test; cluster the plurality of augmented sequences in a plurality of clusters according to a temporal distribution of events; and display on the display a visual representation of the plurality of clusters according to a predefined set of similarity criteria.

Abstract: A plethysmograph variability processor inputs a plethysmograph waveform having pulses corresponding to pulsatile blood flow within a tissue site. The processor derives plethysmograph values based upon selected plethysmograph features, determines variability values, and calculates a plethysmograph variability parameter. The variability values indicate the variability of the plethysmograph features. The plethysmograph variability parameter is representative of the variability values and provides a useful indication of various physiological conditions and the efficacy of treatment for those conditions.

Abstract: A result of recognition processing of a convolutional neural network is acquired using recognition object data including information of a recognition object, as an input. A region of interest for the recognition object data and/or an intermediate layer output of the convolutional neural network is set. Detail recognition processing is performed for the recognition object data and/or the intermediate layer output in the region of interest. Integration processing of a result of the detail recognition processing and the intermediate layer output is performed. A result of the integration processing is input as the intermediate layer output to the convolutional neural network. A result of the recognition processing is output.

Abstract: An endotracheal tube apparatus to treat a patient comprising an endotracheal tube and a hub connection fitting; the endotracheal tube insertable into a trachea of the patient; the hub connection fitting connectable to the endotracheal tube; a ventilation passageway extending through the hub connection fitting and a ventilation lumen of the endotracheal tube; a plurality of ports joined with the hub connection fitting, the plurality of ports comprising at least a first port and a second port; a first passageway extending within the hub connection fitting, the first passageway in fluid communication with the first port; a second passageway extending within the hub connection fitting, the second passageway in fluid communication with the second port; a third passageway extending within the hub connection fitting and a secondary lumen of the endotracheal tube.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises an enclosure configured for insertion into the ear canal and comprising a distal end configured to extend at least beyond a first bend of the ear canal. A distal temperature sensor is situated at a location of the enclosure that faces a tragus-side of the ear canal between the first and second bends when the enclosure is fully inserted into the ear canal. A proximal temperature sensor is situated on the enclosure at a location spaced apart from a surface of the ear canal and proximal of the distal temperature sensor in an outer ear direction when the enclosure is fully inserted into the ear canal. A processor, coupled to the distal and proximal temperature sensors and to memory, is configured to calculate an absolute core body temperature using a heat balance equation stored in the memory and the first and second temperature signals.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) module includes a substrate, an LED package, a light sensor and a lens. The LED package includes a light emitting region and is mounted on an upper surface of the substrate. The light sensor includes a light receiving region and is mounted on the upper surface of the substrate horizontally adjacent the LED package. The lens is vertically aligned over the light emitting region of the LED package and at least partially overlaps the light receiving region of the light sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for measuring a physiological parameter of a human limb such as peripheral capillary oxygen saturation. The device comprises a body comprising an opening for receiving the limb therein, a moving means coupled to the body and movable relative to the body, a receiving element for receiving a sensor configured for interacting with the limb received in the opening, wherein the body comprises a first section and a second section movable relative to the first section for defining the opening, wherein the moving means is coupled to the second section so as to adjust the size of the opening by moving the moving means.

Abstract: A result of recognition processing of a convolutional neural network is acquired using recognition object data including information of a recognition object, as an input. A region of interest for the recognition object data and/or an intermediate layer output of the convolutional neural network is set. Detail recognition processing is performed for the recognition object data and/or the intermediate layer output in the region of interest. Integration processing of a result of the detail recognition processing and the intermediate layer output is performed. A result of the integration processing is input as the intermediate layer output to the convolutional neural network. A result of the recognition processing is output.

Abstract: A system includes a sensor, a second connector, a local processor, a first telemetry module, a second telemetry module, and a remote processor. The sensor is coupled to a cord and the cord has a first connector. The second connector is coupled to a housing. The second connector is configured to mate with the first connector. The local processor is coupled to the second connector and disposed in the housing. The local processor is configured to execute instructions stored in a local memory. The local memory is disposed in the housing. The local processor is configured to generate calculated data based on a signal received at the second connector. The signal corresponds to a parameter measured by the sensor. The first telemetry module is coupled to the local processor and is configured to wirelessly communicate the calculated data. The second telemetry module is configured to communicate with the first telemetry module. The remote processor is coupled to the second telemetry module.

Abstract: Wearable technologies, such as wearable health monitors, and methods of use are provided. In some embodiments, the wearable technology can be worn at the wrist of an individual and can use an accelerometer, pulse oximeter, and electrocardiogram to measure heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and activity. This information can then be provided to the individual. The individual can alter their behaviors and relationships with their own health by using features such as notifications and auto-tagging to better understand their own stress, diet, sleep, and exercise levels over various time periods and subsequently make appropriate behavioral changes.

Abstract: An electronic fitness device comprises a first optical transmitter, an optical receiver, and a processing element. The first optical transmitter is configured to transmit a first optical signal and a second optical signal. The optical receiver is configured to receive the first and optical signals and to generate first and second photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals resulting from the received optical signals. The processing element is configured to control the first optical transmitter to transmit the first optical signal the second optical signal, receive the first and second PPG signals from the optical receiver and compare them, identify a common cardiac component present in the first and the second PPG signals based on the comparison, determine a signal filter parameter based on the common cardiac component, and generate first and second cardiac components from the first and second PPG signals, respectively, based on the signal filter parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to intelligent wearable devices, and provides a method and a module for detecting a wearing state, and a wearable device thereof. The method for detecting a wearing state is applied to the wearable device, and the wearable device includes a light emitter and a light receiver. The detection method includes: controlling the light emitter to emit at least two types of light signals to a user; controlling the light receiver to receive reflected light corresponding to the at least two types of light signals reflected by the user; and determining the wearing state of the wearable device according to change trends of at least two types of the received reflected light. The wearing state of the wearable device is determined more accurately by adopting embodiments of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A method and device of plant spectropolarimetric imaging is disclosed. A device comprising a first illuminator to direct light toward at least a portion of a plant with epi-illumination, a second illuminator to direct light toward at least a portion of a plant with transillumination, wherein the first and second illuminators are broadband, covering visible and infrared spectra; an imaging system to form images; a detection system to record the images, wherein the detection system measures in a plurality of spectral channels; and a computer to display and analyze the recorded images from the detection system. The detection system or the imaging system, comprises a polarization analyzer system. A method comprising directing light from at least one broadband illuminator toward at least a portion of a plant; forming images with an imaging system; recording the images with a detection system; and analyzing the recorded images with a computer.

Abstract: Medical monitoring systems and methods for reducing the frequency of notifications of transient alarms are disclosed. A medical monitoring system can collect a signal representative of the physiological condition of a patient and can determine a physiological parameter using the collected signal. The medical monitoring system can detect an alarm condition for the physiological parameter. The medical monitoring system can then delay notification of the alarm condition until it persists for a predetermined alarm notification delay time.

Abstract: An optoelectronic sensor, a control method for the optoelectronic sensor, and a pulse monitor including the optoelectronic sensor. The optoelectronic sensor may include a light source, a first receiver, a second receiver, and a phantom material layer that is facing a light-emitting side of the light source and at least partially overlapping with the second receiver.

Abstract: A non-invasive method of detecting anomalous tissue, such as cancerous or injured tissue, in a patient. At least two hemoglobin signal components of hemoglobin levels in at least one segment of tissue of the patient are non-invasively measured over time. Time varying changes of at least a first of the hemoglobin signal components are measured with respect to at least time varying changes of a second of the hemoglobin signal components. A co-varying coordinate system of the time varying changes is generated. Any anomalous tissue in the measured segment of tissue is detected from a signature of the measured segment of tissue in the co-varying coordinate system which differs from a signature of non-anomalous tissue in the co-varying coordinate system. Preferably, five hemoglobin signal components are measured: oxyHb, deoxyHb, total Hb (totalHb=oxyHb+deoxy Hb), Hb oxygen saturation (HbO2Sat=(oxyHb/totalHb)*100), and tissue-hemoglobin oxygen exchange HbO2Exc (deoxyHb?oxyHb).

Abstract: A physiological trend monitor has a sensor signal responsive to multiple wavelengths of light transmitted into a tissue site. The transmitted light is detected after attenuation by pulsatile blood flow within the tissue site. A processor has an input responsive to the sensor signal and a physiological parameter output. Features are extracted from the physiological parameter output. Criteria are applied to the features. An alarm output is generated when the criteria are satisfied.