Abstract: The field of this invention is recording motion of an animal, uniquely identifying the animal, and recording an activity of that animal. Motions of animals on a path when the animal is or can be uniquely identified are tracklets. Tracklets begin and end at ambiguation events, where these are defined as locations and times of an animal where it cannot be uniquely identified. A first animal may be uniquely identified by first identifying all other animals in the first animal's environment. Animal identification may be after the end of a tracklet. Embodiments use optical flow analysis from video of an animal's environment. Embodiments record an animal's activity on tracklets and then use that activity to measure animal health or use that activity as data for a study using animals.

Abstract: A near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor assembly for measuring a characteristic of a biological tissue is provided. The NIRS sensor assembly includes a light source, at least one light detector, and a layer disposed within the sensor assembly. The light source is operable to emit light at one or more predetermined wavelengths. The at least one light detector has an active area for detecting light emitted by the light source and passed through the biological tissue. The light detector is operable to produce signals representative of the detected light. The layer disposed within the sensor assembly has at least one deflection element.

Abstract: An oximeter probe determines an oxygen saturation for the tissue and determines a quality value for the oxygen saturation and associated measurements of the tissue. The quality value is calculated from reflectance data received at the detectors of the oximeter probe. The oximeter probe then displays a value for the oxygen saturation with the error value to indicate a quality level for the oxygen saturation and associated values used to calculate oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A blood pressure ratio calculation device is a device for calculating a maximum-minimum blood pressure ratio corresponding to a ratio between a maximum blood pressure value and a minimum blood pressure value of an inspection target, and includes an input unit for inputting a relative blood pressure waveform corresponding to temporal change in relative blood pressure of the inspection target, a spectrum generation unit for generating a relative blood pressure waveform spectrum by performing Fourier transform on the relative blood pressure waveform, and an analysis unit for calculating the maximum-minimum blood pressure ratio on the basis of the relative blood pressure waveform spectrum.

Abstract: A device configured to determine a biological indicator level in tissue. The device includes at least one emitter configured to emit light, a detector configured to receive light and transmit data representative of the received light and a processor coupled to the at least one emitter and the detector. The device further includes a non-transitory storage medium coupled to the processor and configured to store instruction to cause the device to determine a level of a biological indicator.

Abstract: A method of using an interexchange to process states of subsystems tracked by disparate block chains. The method comprises locating a first block comprising current state information associated with a first process stored in a first block chain by an interexchange application executing on a computer system, wherein the first process is performed by a first subsystem, reading the current state information of the first process by the interexchange application from the located first block, transcoding a representation of the current state information by the interexchange application to a representation associated with a second block chain, creating a block by the interexchange application, wherein the created block stores the transcoded representation of the current state information in a data field of the created block that the predefined block structure associates to the transcoded current state information, and attaching the created block to the second block chain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring a physiological parameter of a subject by means of an optical measurement device, said method comprising the steps of: setting into place the optical measurement device (1, 1bis) facing a skin surface (10) of the subject, so that the object focal spot of the optical objective is positioned at a predetermined skin depth, receiving by the photosensitive receiver (4) light rays from the first object focal spot, at the predetermined skin depth, analyzing the light rays received by the photosensitive receiver (4), and comparing the results of the analysis with known data, so as to determine the physiological parameter of the subject.

Abstract: A client device includes a display and a processor configured to obtain a data stream from a remote sensor via a communication protocol. The remote sensor is a physiological sensor monitoring a subject and/or an environmental sensor monitoring an environment in a vicinity of the subject, and the data stream includes a sensor metric, a metric identifier, and dynamically updated integrity information about the sensor metric. The processor is also configured to identify a statistical distribution function associated with the remote sensor via a function selector associated with the communication protocol, and display, via the display, the sensor metric with statistical information about the sensor metric using the identified statistical distribution function.

Abstract: Aspects relate to a portable device that may be used to identify a critical intensity and an anaerobic work capacity of an individual. The device may utilize muscle oxygen sensor data, speed data, or power data. The device may utilize data from multiple exercise sessions, or may utilize data from a single exercise session. The device may additionally estimate a critical intensity from a previous race time input from a user.

Abstract: A device includes a housing, an emitter, a detector, and a processor. The housing has a body contact surface configured for affixation to a tissue site of a body. The emitter is coupled to the housing and has an emission surface and an electrical terminal. The emission surface is configured to emit light proximate the body contact surface in response to a signal applied to the electrical terminal. The detector is coupled to the housing. The detector has a sense surface and an output terminal. The detector is configured to provide an output signal on the output terminal in response to light detected at the sensor surface. The processor is coupled to the electrical terminal and coupled to the output terminal. The processor is configured to implement an algorithm to monitor for an interruption between the body contact surface and the body and configured to generate an interrupt signal corresponding to the monitoring.

Abstract: Accurate detection of anomaly in sensor signals is critical and can have an immense impact in the health care domain. Accordingly, identifying outliers or anomalies with reduced error and reduced resource usage is a challenge addressed by the present disclosure. Self-learning of normal signature of an input sensor signal is used to derive primary features based on valley and peak points of the sensor signals. A pattern is recognized by using discrete nature and strictly rising and falling edges of the input sensor signal. One or more defining features are identified from the derived features based on statistical properties and time and frequency domain properties of the input sensor signal. Based on the values of the defining features, clusters of varying density are identified for the input sensor signal and based on the density of the clusters, anomalous and non-anomalous portions of the input sensor signals are classified.

Abstract: A system and method for managing an aircraft personal safety device can include an RF signaling device configured to monitor a state or condition of the aircraft personal safety device, and a management device configured to determine the state or condition of the aircraft personal safety device based on communication with the RF signaling device. The method can include associating the RF signaling device with the aircraft personal safety device, and monitoring the state or condition of the aircraft personal safety device by using the management device to receive information from the RF signaling device.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a handheld processing device including medical applications for minimally and noninvasive glucose measurements. In an embodiment, the device creates a patient specific calibration using a measurement protocol of minimally invasive measurements and noninvasive measurements, eventually creating a patient specific noninvasive glucometer. Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure provide for the processing device to execute medical applications and non-medical applications.

Abstract: Controlling notification output from an electronic device includes detecting that a stress level of a user of the electronic device is above a predetermined threshold; and in response to the detection that the stress level of the user is above the predetermined threshold, applying a notification rule to control notification output, the application of the notification rule changing how or when a notification for the call or message is output by the electronic device relative to how or when the notification would be output had the user stress level been below the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An oximeter measures oxygen saturation for two or more different tissue depths and shows these results on a screen. A probe of the oximeter has multiple different distances between source and detector sensors. One probe implementation has fixed sensor positions. Other implementations include sensors on a moveable platform or openings to accept sensors, which allow a user to vary a distance between sensors.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of measuring oxygenation of tissue in a non-invasive manner are provided. The apparatus comprises a light source configured to emit a light pattern to be projected onto the tissue, in which the light pattern comprises superimposed patterns having different patterns. A detector captures an image of a reflected light pattern which is reflected from the tissue as a result of the projected light pattern. A processor coupled to the detector can be configured to perform a transform on the image of the reflected light pattern and determine oxygenation of each of a plurality of layers of the tissue in response to the transform of the image. Polarimetry can be used in determining a change in polarization angle of light beam. Tissue oxygenation can be determined at a plurality of layers from one snapshot, for example oxygenation of retinal layers.

Abstract: An apparatus including a main processing unit. The apparatus further including a precordial patch coupled to the main processing unit, the precordial patch having a plurality of sensors for detecting heart sounds and cardiac electrical signals (ECG). The apparatus further including a probe coupled to the main processing unit, the probe having a sensor for detecting oxygen saturation of blood circulating through a human. A method is further described including simultaneously measuring and analyzing heart sounds, cardiac electrical signals (ECG) and oxygen saturation of blood circulating through a human. The method further includes performing an algorithm to determine the presence of a significant congenital heart disease and displaying management recommendations based on results of the algorithm.

Abstract: Systems and methods for remote photoplethysmography and in particular for determining vital sign information of a subject are provided. The system includes a marker that is applied to a skin of the subject. The marker further includes a first marker area configured to transmit light at a first wavelength and a second marker area configured to transmit light at a second wavelength. The system further includes a detection unit that detects radiation received from the first marker area and from the second marker area of the marker. The system further includes an analysis unit that determines the vital sign information of the subject from the detected radiation from the first marker area and from the second marker area.

Abstract: An apparatus including a treated tape, an adjustable color source, a photodiode, and a processor is provided. The adjustable color source emits a first radiation toward the treated tape and operates at each of a plurality of different target wavelengths in a spectrum. The photodiode measures a second radiation reflected from the treated tape, and the processor analyzes measurements from the photodiode to determine a peak wavelength from the plurality of target wavelengths. Based on the peak wavelength, the processor determines a color and darkness of a color stain on the treated tape. Based on the determined color and darkness of the color stain, the processor also determines a type and concentration of gas to which the treated tape is exposed.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides sweat sensing devices with smart sweat stimulation and sensing embodiments: which improve the dependability and predictability of sweat sampling rates; achieve a desired number of sweat sampling events per day while minimizing skin irritation and prolonging device lifespan; and use physical, optical or thermal sweat stimulation to augment or replace chemical sweat stimulation.

Abstract: A reflective SpO2 measurement system includes a light source that emits light of at least a first and second wavelengths, and one or more detection devices forming a close detector positioned at a first distance from the light source and a far detector positioned at a second distance from the light source, wherein the second distance is greater than the first. The SpO2 measurement system is configured to operate in a high power mode to determine a calibration factor based on the comparison of light reflections detected by the close detector and the far detector. The system is further configured to operate in a low power mode to generate a low intensity light pulse, and detect a close reflection of the low intensity light pulse with the close detector. An SpO2 is then determined based on the close reflection of the low intensity light pulse and the calibration factor.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, methods and computer-readable storage media that mitigate device power drain associated with stalled telemetry sessions are provided. In one embodiment, a first device includes a memory and a processor that executes executable components stored in the memory. The executable components include a communication component configured to receive a communication request from a second device via a telemetry communication link established between the first and second devices. The communication request can comprise a request for data. The executable components can also comprise a throughput monitoring component configured to monitor uplink throughput measuring successful transmission of the data by the first device to the second device via the telemetry communication link based on reception of the communication request. The communication component is configured to terminate the telemetry communication link based on the uplink throughput being below a threshold value.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a strap configured to enable the apparatus to be worn by a user; an optical measurement element configured to be placed on a skin of the user, and to measure data related to heart activity of the user; communication circuitry configured to transmit the data related to heart activity of the user according to a Bluetooth standard on a 2.4 GHz band; and an antenna coupled with the communication circuitry, and configured to access a radio interface to transmit the data related to heart activity of the user.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a PAI system (401-413) is described. The method includes a signal processing unit (404) determining optical fluence at voxels within arteries of a human or animal, and interpolating from these measurements to provide a fluence map with a fluence value for all voxels of interest. The system (404) stores the fluence map for subsequent use in making PAI measurements. The arterial optical fluence may be determined on the basis that the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is the same throughout the arterial part of the circulation system.

Abstract: A vital signs monitor for attachment to a human or animal thorax, the monitor having a low power mode and a high accuracy mode and comprising: a motion sensor configured to, in the low power mode, sample movement at a first frequency and, in the high accuracy mode, sample movement at a second frequency, the second frequency being greater than the first frequency; and a processor configured to, in the low power mode, process a series of the one or more movement samples captured by the motion sensor in the low power mode so as to form a measure of activity level, and to, in the high accuracy mode, cause a series of the movement samples captured by the motion sensor in the high accuracy mode to be stored at the vital signs monitor and/or transmitted by means of a transceiver; wherein the processor is configured to prevent the vital signs monitor entering the high accuracy mode from the low power mode when the activity level exceeds a first predefined or dynamic threshold.

Abstract: A regional oximetry sensor has a sensor head attachable to a patient skin surface so as to transmit optical radiation into the skin and receive that optical radiation after attenuation by blood flow within the skin. The sensor includes windows that press into the skin to maximize optical transmission. A stem extending from the sensor head transmits electrical signals between the sensor head and an attached cable. In a peel resistant configuration, the stem is terminated interior to the sensor head and away from a sensor head edge so as to define feet along either side of the stem distal the stem termination. The stem interior termination transforms a peel load on a sensor head adhesive to less challenging tension and shear loads on the sensor head adhesive.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for evaluating an alarm condition for a monitored patient in a population of one or more patients. One or more physiological parameters pertaining to the patient, or physiological variables, are used to form a time series describing the patient status. A quantile threshold is determined for a patient. A monitor is initialized and begins generating a binary raw alarm signal. The binary signal is filtered with a low pass filter, and the filtered data is subjected to a quantile operation to determine if a particular sample exceeds the determined quantile threshold. If the quantile threshold is exceeded, then a check is performed to see if the raw binary alarm signal also indicates an alarm. If both the preliminary alarm indication and the raw binary signal indicate an alarm, then an alarm is emitted; otherwise monitoring continues.

Abstract: A method is presented for determining onset of hypoxia of an occupant in an aircraft. The method includes measuring a physiological parameter of the occupant and comparing a value based on the physiological parameter with a threshold value. The method also includes measuring a pressure within a cabin of the aircraft and comparing the pressure with a pressure threshold value. The method also includes determining onset of hypoxia of the occupant based on both of the comparing steps. The method also includes communicating an alert to the occupant using a device detectable by one or more senses of the occupant. An apparatus is also provided for determining onset of hypoxia. The apparatus includes a pressure sensor to measure the pressure, a pulse oximeter to measure the physiological parameter, an alert device to communicate the alert to the occupant and a processor to perform one or more steps of the method.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first electromagnetic sensor configured to generate a first sensed signal based at least in part on detection of a first signal having a first wavelength. The apparatus includes a second electromagnetic sensor configured to generate a second sensed signal based at least in part on detection of a second signal having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. The apparatus includes a processing circuit configured to generate a plethysmogram based at least in part on the first sensed signal and the second sensed signal. The apparatus may include a first emitter configured to emit an optical signal having the first wavelength. The apparatus may include a second emitter configured to emit a reference signal. The first wavelength may be a human-blood-sensitive and human-skin-penetrable wavelength and the second wavelength may be at least one of a human-blood-insensitive wavelength and a human-skin-impenetrable wavelength.

Abstract: A memristor element is used to create a spectrally programmable optical computing device for use in, for example, a downhole environment. An electromagnetic field is applied across the memristor element in order to alter its spectral properties. In turn, the spectral properties of sample-interacted light optically interacting with the memristor element are also altered. This alteration in spectral properties allows the memristor to be “programmed” to achieve a variety of transmission/reflection/absorption functions.

Abstract: A combined physiological sensor and methods for detecting one or more physiological characteristics of a subject are provided. The combined sensor (e.g., a forehead sensor) may be used to detect and/or calculate at least one of a pulse blood oxygen saturation level, a regional blood oxygen saturation level, a respiration rate, blood pressure, an electrical physiological signal (EPS), a pulse transit time (PTT), body temperature associated with the subject, a depth of consciousness (DOC) measurement, any other suitable physiological parameter, and any suitable combination thereof. The combined sensor may include a variety of individual sensors, such as electrodes, optical detectors, optical emitters, temperature sensors, and/or other suitable sensors. The sensors may be advantageously positioned in accordance with a number of different geometries.

Abstract: A measuring system includes a first sensor, a second sensor, a first measurement value calculator that, based on a change of an amount of received light that is measured by the first sensor, calculates a first measurement value indicating an index related to a blood oxygen saturation or a blood refill time, a second measurement value calculator that, based on a change of an amount of received light that is measured by the second sensor, calculates a second measurement value indicating an index related to a blood oxygen saturation or a blood refill time, and a pressure controller that controls the first sensor and the second sensor so that a time difference between a start of compression release by the first sensor and a start of compression release by the second sensor is within a predetermined time period.

Abstract: A pulse photometer includes: a first variation acquirer acquiring a first variation corresponding to a light attenuation variation of a first light beam due to pulsation of blood in a subject based on a first intensity signal corresponding to an intensity of the first light beam transmitted through or reflected from a body of the subject and having a first wavelength; a second variation acquirer acquiring a second variation; a third variation acquirer acquiring a third variation; a concentration calculator calculating a blood light absorber concentration based on the first variation and the second variation; an estimated value calculator calculating an estimated value of the third variation based on the first variation and the second variation; and an evaluator evaluating reliability of a calculated value of the blood light absorber concentration based on the third variation and the estimated value.

Abstract: A hygienic oral pacification device includes a fluid-filled bladder. The bladder includes a nipple and alveolar ridge-mating flanges. The bladder is dynamically shaped and allows for pressures provided by the suckling child to re-shaping the bladder and flanges. A bite-block extends into the bladder to maintain a fluid path from nipple to flanges. As the child completes the suckling cycle, the bladder nipple is depressed and fluid is forced in the engorging flanges. The flanges thus cover the alveolar ridges and fill the vestibules. The flanges may be covered with a textured surface, or bristles, that provide mechanical brushing of oral surfaces. Denitrifies may be applied over the bristles to enhance cleaning.

Abstract: A light emitting unit emits first light and second light having different wavelengths. A photoreception unit outputs first and second signals depending on photoreception intensities of the first and second light transmitted through or reflected by biological tissue. A processing period setting unit extracts a signal cycle corresponding to the cardiac cycle for the first or second signal and sets a processing period in a first part dominantly affected by arterial blood flowing to the tissue or a second part dominantly affected by venous blood flowing from the tissue in the signal cycle. First and second change amount acquisition units obtain first and second change amounts corresponding to the attenuation change amounts of the first and second light from the first and second signals in the processing period. A concentration calculation unit calculates the concentration of light absorbing substance in blood from the first and second change amounts.

Abstract: Systems and methods for auditing an operation of an ambulatory medical device (AMD) are described. A system may include an auditor device and an analyzer circuit communicatively coupled to each other. The auditor device can sense from the patient, independently of and during the operation of the AMD, information about the operation of the AMD including sensed electrostimulation and a physiological signal in response to the electrostimulation. The analyzer unit may generate a device audit indicator indicating the functionality and performance of the AMD using the sensed physiological signal and the sensed AMD operation information. The system may output the device audit indicator to a user or a process, or to program device therapy for the AMD based on the device audit indicator.

Abstract: A non-invasive measurement of biological tissue reveals information about the function of that tissue. Polarized light is directed onto the tissue, stimulating the emission of fluorescence, due to one or more endogenous fluorophors in the tissue. Fluorescence anisotropy is then calculated. Such measurements of fluorescence anisotropy are then used to assess the functional status of the tissue, and to identify the existence and severity of disease states. Such assessment can be made by comparing a fluorescence anisotropy profile with a known profile of a control.

Abstract: The subject matter discloses a device for measuring biological properties of an examined tissue, the device comprising at least one light source configured and operable to illuminate the examined tissue with light radiation of one or more wavelengths at a certain light illumination direction; and a light detector located at a same side of said examined tissue and configured and operable to receive light components of said one or more wavelengths reflected from the examined tissue in response to the illuminated light radiation at a certain light detection direction, and to generate measurement data indicative thereof; at least one of said light illumination direction and detection direction is positioned at an angle of at least 20 relative to an imaginary line perpendicular to the examined tissue or form an angle of at least 20 between the light illumination direction and detection direction.

Abstract: A system for proving secure streamed data sessions is disclosed. The system comprises a first computer system executing an orchestrator virtualized network function (VNF). The orchestrator VNF collects performance metrics on routers, receives a request for a secure streamed data session, analyzes the metrics based on the request, determines a secure routing path, creates a routing instruction set that defines the secure routing path, and transmits the routing instruction set to a session aggregator. The system further comprises a second computer system that executes the session aggregator in a trusted security zone. The session aggregator establishes trusted end-to-end communication links with a first edge router, a second edge router, and at least one of the plurality of routers and configures the routing instruction set into each of the CPE node, the first edge router, the second edge router, and the at least one router via the trusted end-to-end communication link.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein may include systems and methods for determining a patient's respiratory effort and blood oxygen saturation based on data acquired from a pulse oximetry sensor and analyzing the parameters in conjunction with each other. For example, the respiratory effort may be determined based on a photo-plethysmographic waveform generated from light attenuation detected by the sensor, and the blood oxygen saturation may be a pulse-based estimate of arterial blood oxygen saturation determined from the detected attenuation. Analysis of the parameters may enable detection and classification of apnea (e.g., obstructive or central) or another underlying cause for respiratory instability. Furthermore, the measured respiratory effort may be compared to respiratory effort supplied by a ventilator to ensure proper sensor placement before enabling automatic adjustment of ventilator settings.

Abstract: Provided is an object information acquiring apparatus including a supporting unit configured to be capable of holding a liquid acoustic matching member, a plurality of receiving elements each supported on the supporting unit to receive an acoustic wave propagated from an object via the acoustic matching member and output an electrical signal, a scanning unit that changes a relative position of each of the receiving elements and the object by moving the supporting unit, a controlling unit that controls a velocity of movement of the supporting unit performed by the scanning unit, and a processing unit that acquires specific information of an inside of the object based on the electrical signal. The scanning unit moves the supporting unit on a path having portions of different curvatures.

Abstract: A system, device and methods for quantitatively monitoring and evaluating changes in water and hemoglobin content in the brain in a non-invasive manner are provided. The system may be used for real-time detection and monitoring of brain edema and/or for an assessment of cerebral autoregulation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-invasively determining a blood oxygen saturation level within an organ of a subject using direct application of a near infrared spectrophotometric sensor is provided. The method includes the steps of: a) transmitting a light signal directly into the subject's organ using the sensor; b) sensing a first intensity of the light signal and a second intensity of the light signal, after the light signal travels a predetermined distance through the organ of the subject; c) determining an attenuation of the light signal along multiple different wavelengths using the sensed first intensity and sensed second intensity; d) determining a difference in attenuation of the light signal between wavelengths; and e) determining the blood oxygen saturation level within the subject's organ using the difference in attenuation between wavelengths.

Abstract: A probe which is to be attached to a finger of a subject to acquire physiological parameter of the subject includes a light emitter that emits a light beam toward the finger, a light detector that outputs a signal corresponding to a light beam that is transmitted through or reflected from the finger, a first holding face that has a portion which is faced with a nail of the finger and another portion which is faced with a side face of the finger, and a second holding face that has a portion which is faced with a pad of the finger and another portion which is faced with the side face of the finger. In a state where the probe is attached to the finger, the first holding face and the second holding face are placed to be continuous to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Device for determining vital signs of a subject comprising an interface (22) for receiving a periodic photoplethysmographic, PPG, signal obtained from a subject (14) by a PPG measurement, a signal partitioning unit (24) for partitioning the PPG signal in time into a plurality of PPG sub-signals covering a half period or an integer multiple of a half period, a normalizing unit (26) for normalizing the PPG signal in advance of the partitioning and/or the PPG sub-signals in time and/or amplitude, a signal combination unit (28) for combining a number of normalized PPG sub-signals to obtain a combined PPG sub-signal, and a vital sign processor (30) for deriving a desired vital sign from the PPG signal, one or more combined PPG sub-signals or an enhanced PPG signal obtained by consecutively arranging a number of combined PPG sub-signals.

Abstract: According to one configuration, a system includes sensor hardware and signal processor resource to monitor and analyze bio-media (such as blood and/or other matter) of a person under test. During operation, the sensor hardware monitors the bio-media of the person under test and produces an output. The monitored output (such as one or more signals) varies in magnitude based at least in part on person-induced movement. The signal processor resource analyzes the output produced by the sensor hardware. Based on the analysis, and detected variation in the output of the sensor hardware as caused by the person's movement, the signal processor resource produces a setting for a biometric parameter of interest associated with monitoring the bio-media. Note that the system as described herein can be used to measure different biometric parameters of interest such as venous blood oxygen content, vein stiffness, etc.

Abstract: A mobile device including a biosensor for obtaining biological signals in which biological information can be obtained stably while the mobile device is being held with a hand and is used, without providing a sensor specially used for detecting body motion generated by operating the mobile device.

Abstract: Systems and sensor clip assemblies for optically monitoring blood flowing through a blood chamber are provided. A sensor clip assembly includes emitters and photodetectors positioned on opposing arms, a signal conditioning circuit for conditioning raw analog signals generated by the photodetectors while the sensor clip assembly is fastened to a blood chamber, and an analog-to-digital converter for converting the conditioned analog signals to raw digital data. The sensor clip assembly may output the raw digital data to an external device and receive synchronized control signals from the external device, or the sensor clip assembly may include a microcontroller for performing calculations on the raw digital data and providing synchronized control signals internally. Parameters of blood flowing through the blood chamber such as hematocrit, oxygen saturation, and change in blood volume may be calculated from the raw digital data derived from the raw analog signals generated by the photodetectors.

Abstract: A technique for managing alarms includes acquiring a physiological parameter value and one or more alarm settings associated with the physiological parameter value. The technique also includes determining if the one or more alarm settings are associated with an adaptive alarm manager selecting an adaptive alarm condition from a plurality of adaptive alarm conditions when the one or more alarm settings are associated with the adaptive alarm manager; determining if the physiological parameter value meets the selected adaptive alarm condition; and generating an alarm in response when the physiological parameter value meets the selected adaptive alarm condition.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a sealed package and a method of forming such package are disclosed. The package includes a housing, a substrate hermetically sealed to the housing, and a light source disposed on a first major surface of the substrate. The package further includes a detector disposed on the first major surface of the substrate and having a detecting surface. The package also includes a masking layer disposed on at least one of the first major surface and a second major surface of the substrate, where the masking layer includes a first aperture aligned with an emission axis of the light source in a direction orthogonal to the first major surface of the substrate. The masking layer further includes a second aperture aligned with a detection axis of the detector in a direction orthogonal to the first major surface of the substrate.