Abstract: A touch sensor, a method for manufacturing same and a touch panel having the touch sensor are disclosed. The sensor may include a touch sensing layer and an auto-stereoscopic image generating structure. In particular, the touch sensing layer may act as a substrate for the auto-stereoscopic image generating structure to be directly formed on, such that the thickness of the touch sensor can be further reduced.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a leadframe in which two conductive pillars with high aspect ratio and the corresponding two leads of the leadframe forms a 3D space for accommodating at least one device. A first lead and a second lead are spaced apart from each other. A first conductive pillar is formed on the first lead by disposing a first via on the first lead, wherein at least one first conductive material is filled inside the first via to form the first conductive pillar. A second conductive pillar is formed on the second lead by disposing a second via on the second lead, wherein at least one second conductive material is filled inside the second via to form the second conductive pillar. The first lead, the second lead, the first conductive pillar, and the second conductive pillar form a 3D space for accommodating at least one device, wherein the at least one device is electrically connected to the first conductive pillar and the second conductive pillar.

Abstract: A data entry and scanning apparatus that includes a commercially available mobile device wherein said commercially available mobile device with a touch screen display, a processor, and a wireless communications network access point, a scanning device, an interface, and a power source that external to the commercially available mobile device and connected to the interface, and a casing that does not cover the touch screen display.

Abstract: A cartomizer assembly of an electronic cigarette which is formed from automated assembly compatible parts comprises a container assembly including a container and a heater coil surrounding a wick in an airflow space of the container. The entire coil of the heater coil is inside the container and the heater coil is configured to heat liquid on the wick to generate an aerosol mist during a vaporization process. A liquid storage space is in liquid communication with the wick and is operable to supply liquid to the wick. The heater, the wick, and the container are shaped such that the heater and wick can be dropped into the container during automated assembly thereof and be directed to and located at a desired location in the container.

Abstract: A recessed LED light fixture is provided. The fixture includes a housing assembly, a power supply, and a light source. The power supply is positioned below the light source relative to an opening of the housing from which light from the light source is emitted. The power supply is positioned on an exterior side of the housing and proximate a lower-most extent of the housing.

Abstract: Intravascular devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of assembling an intravascular device is provided that include positioning a first tubular member around a plurality of conductors and a core member such that the plurality of conductors and the core member are at least partially positioned within a lumen of the first tubular member, the first tubular member including an opening extending along a length of the first tubular member in communication with the lumen; positioning a first conductive member around the first tubular member; advancing a first of the plurality of conductors through the opening of the first tubular member, longitudinally between the first tubular member and the first conductive member, and through to a position adjacent to the first conductive member; and electrically coupling the first of the plurality of conductors to the first conductive member.

Abstract: An e-paper printing system comprising a set of electrodes comprising a number of electrodes to erase a portion of e-paper as the e-paper moves relative to the set of electrodes in which the set of electrodes causes a first electric field to be applied to the e-paper with a magnitude of the first electric field increasing at a first rate sufficiently high to cause the erasure of the portion of the e-paper, and causes a second electric field to be applied to the e-paper with a magnitude of the second electric field decreasing at a second rate that is sufficiently low to preserve the erasure of the portion of the e-paper.

Abstract: Various circuit board sockets and methods of manufacturing and using the same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing is provided that includes forming a socket that is operable to receive a circuit board. The socket includes a surface for seating a first portion of a circuit board, a floor and a first support structure projecting away from the floor to support a second portion of the circuit board. The support structure includes a plurality of nested frames. In another aspect, a socket with a with socket cover coupled to a socket housing is disclosed. The socket housing includes a support structure to support a portion of the socket cover.

Abstract: A method of retrofitting an existing airfield runway sign with a single LED lamp. Light is produced by a linear array of white-light LEDs. A cylindrical lens is mounted longitudinally adjacent to the LEDs, and collects a central portion of the light emitted from the LEDs. A pair of inclined surfaces extend from the lateral edges of the LEDs to respective lateral edges of the cylindrical lens. The inclined surfaces have a rough surface texture and reflect light diffusely. The inclined surfaces collect a peripheral portion of the light emitted from the LEDs, and direct the reflected light toward the cylindrical lens. The LEDs, cylindrical lens and inclined surfaces are all mechanically supported by a heat sink. The replacement lamp is placed into a runway sign near its top or bottom edge, and illuminates both viewing surfaces of the runway sign simultaneously without a diffuser.

Abstract: An adjustable, elevated and externally mounted lighting device (21) for vehicles such as school busses (22) and other types of vehicles, that provides a pool of light (23) to passenger loading and unloading areas for better visibility of passengers, vehicle drivers, and other vehicle operators in the vicinity during hours of darkness. The light's adjustability, combined with a diffused lens (29), provides a broad and bright pool of light (23) without obstructing passenger visibility or driver use of side mirrors (30). The light (21) is connected to the vehicle's on-board electrical power system and is activated automatically without distracting driver attentiveness, but with provisions for manual over-ride activation if needed in special circumstances such as emergencies or wheelchair loading/unloading.

Abstract: An item of print media (30) including an inductive secondary (50) for providing power to a load (32). The inductive secondary is responsive to an electromagnetic flux to generate a time-varying current or voltage therein. The current or voltage induced in the inductive secondary directly or indirectly powers the load to thereby enhance the functionality and/or the appeal of the item of print media without significantly adding to its cost. The load can provide a visual and/or auditory output, and can include an electroluminescent display, an e-ink display, a piezo speaker coil, an electrostatic speaker, an OLED, an LED or an LCD display. Embodiments of the invention can be utilized in connection with a wide variety of print media, including for example books, booklets, pamphlets, labels, magazines, manuals, brochures, maps, charts, posters, journals, newspapers or loose leaf pages.

Abstract: A gas sensor using a metal organic framework material can be fully integrated with related circuitry on a single substrate. In an on-chip application, the gas sensor can result in an area-efficient fully integrated gas sensor solution. In one aspect, a gas sensor can include a first gas sensing region including a first pair of electrodes, and a first gas sensitive material proximate to the first pair of electrodes, wherein the first gas sensitive material includes a first metal organic framework material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an expansion chassis for a laptop computer. Specifically, the expansion chassis provides additional expansion bays for increased functionality, storage and/or battery power for the laptop computer. One or more BUS multipliers are integrated into a native SATA BUS, and one or more multifunction USB interconnect cables are integrated therein to integrate the expansion chassis into the existing laptop functions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide better configurations of a partition-attached metal pipe as an external cover material for a wire harness, including: a metal pipe through which a wire harness including a plurality of electrical wires can be inserted; and a separate metal partition member that is to be assembled by being inserted into the pipe; wherein a plurality of electrical wire insertion spaces that are partitioned by the partition member and a circumferential wall of the pipe are provided continuously in an axial direction of the pipe.

Abstract: An interface device for a cabin monument, in particular for assembly in an aircraft or spacecraft, including a routing device, a first plurality of interface connection sockets, which are connected to the routing device via a first plurality of connection lines and to which a vehicle interface of the aircraft or spacecraft can be connected. A second plurality of interface connection sockets are provided which are connected to the routing device via a second plurality of connection lines and to which a cabin monument can be connected. The routing device is constructed so as to selectively electrically connect interface connection sockets of the first plurality of interface connection sockets to interface connection sockets of the second plurality of interface connection sockets.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a circuit board includes: forming a first through hole in a core material; forming a first conductive film on an inner wall of the first through hole; forming an insulating layer on both surfaces of the core material and in the first through hole; forming a second through hole in the insulating layer in the first through hole; forming a second conductive film on an inner wall of the second through hole; and forming, on surfaces of the insulating layers formed on the both surfaces of the core material, a signal circuit layer electrically connected to the second conductive film.

Abstract: A surgical instrument comprises a shaft, end effector and movable cutting member. The movable cutting member may comprise a first band comprising a first band slot having a distal portion and a proximal portion. A width of the first band slot at the distal portion may be larger than a width of the first band slot at the proximal portion. The movable cutting member may comprise a second band comprising a second band slot having a distal portion and a proximal portion. A width of the second band slot at the proximal portion may be larger than a width of the second band slot at the distal portion. The movable cutting member may comprise a pin positioned within the first band slot and the second band slot. The pin may comprise a middle portion having a middle portion diameter and at least one outer portion having an outer portion diameter.

Abstract: A portable electrical power distribution assembly using a bucket as a structural supporting element. A power socket and at least one power receptacle are mounted to the bucket. The power socket and power receptacle are electrically connected to establish a complete circuit such that when power is connected to the power socket, the power receptacles are energized. The components of the circuit is mounted to one of the peripheral wall or the lid of the bucket. Components of a second circuit may be mounted to the other one of the peripheral wall or the lid. The power receptacle may be of the GFI type. The bucket may include a bail handle. Ballast weights may be placed in the bucket to maintain the bucket upright with the open end of the bucket facing upwardly. Individual buckets may be modules of a stacked assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting device comprising a light source, a light source support, and a cover that extends longitudinally along a longitudinal axis between a first end and a second end. Each of the first and second ends includes an opening and the light source support is adapted to be moved in part or in full through a said opening. The lighting device also has a closure member for closing at least one of the openings at the first and second ends, the closure member being movable between a closed position and an open position, and a connector (18) having a first connection member and a second connection member. In the closed position of the closure member the first and second connection members are connected together by an electrical contact, which is a butt contact inside the inside space of the cover. The invention also provides a method of taking action on such a device.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a plurality of driving integrated circuits that provide respective driving signals to the display panel, and an accommodation unit on which the driving integrated circuits are mounted in a reverse V-shape.

Abstract: An electrical wire assembly is described that has a first audio electrical wire and a second audio electrical wire. These audio electrical wires can be encapsulated by a thermo-resistant material. The thermo-resistant material encapsulating the first audio electrical wire can encapsulate a ridge, and the thermo-resistant material encapsulating the second audio electrical wire can encapsulate a groove. A slider can be configured to slide along at least a portion of lengths of the first audio electrical wire and the second audio electrical wire to releasably attach the ridge and the groove. A jack can be connected to one end of the audio electrical wires. The jack can be configured to connect to an audio producing device. Earphones or headphones can be connected to the other ends of the first audio electrical wire and the second audio electrical wire. Related methods, systems, apparatuses, and products are also described.

Abstract: Needle assemblies for use in ablation procedures include a needle having an electrically conductive portion and at least one conductive member extending at least partially through a bore of the needle. A portion of the at least one conductive member is physically and electrically connected to the electrically conductive portion of the needle. Ablation systems and methods of ablation may include such needle assemblies. Methods of forming needle assemblies for use in ablation procedures include disposing at least one conductive member within a needle and physically and electrically connecting the at least one conductive member to an electrically conductive portion of the needle.

Abstract: A lighted architectural mesh includes a plurality of interconnected wires forming a plurality of transverse openings. At least one light carrier is slidably received within at least one of said transverse openings. The at least one light carrier includes light nodes emitting light through the interstices on the front and/or rear side of the architectural mesh. The at least one light carrier further comprises a plurality of connecting elements, wherein the light emitter nodes of the at least one light element are releasably interconnected in series by the connecting elements.

Abstract: According to one general aspect, an apparatus may include an expansion memory device, a connection printed circuit board, and a connection cable. The expansion memory device may include a plurality of memory chips. The connection printed circuit board may be configured to be physically coupled with a memory socket. The connection cable may be configured to electrically couple the connection printed circuit board with the expansion memory device and transmit electrical signals therebetween.

Abstract: A high frequency cable includes: a central conductor made from aluminum or an aluminum alloy; a covering layer made from copper covering the central conductor, and having a fiber-like structure in a longitudinal direction; and an intermetallic compound layer formed between the central conductor and the covering layer and having greater volume resistivity than the covering layer, wherein a cross-sectional area of the covering layer is 15% or less of an entire cross-sectional area including the central conductor, the intermetallic compound layer and the covering layer.

Abstract: A solar cell module mounting structure of the present invention includes a beam 4 that is disposed along an end of a solar cell module 5. The beam 4 has a first base portion 4d on which the end of the solar cell module 5 is placed, a standing portion 4a that stands with respect to the first base portion 4d, and a first hook portion 4b that is bent at an upper end of the standing portion 4a and engages with the end of the solar cell module 5. A first recess 4i that extends along a longitudinal direction of the beam 4 is formed in a part on an upper surface of the first base portion 4d that is separated from the standing portion 4a.

Abstract: A connection structure of a braided-shield-type electric wire for connecting the braided-shield-type electric wire including a plurality of sheathed electric wires and a braided shield member surrounding the sheathed electric wires to a connector and for electrically connecting the braided shield member to a shield shell in a connector housing, the connection structure comprising: a retainer that is arranged inside the braided shield member to hold the sheathed electric wires in a slidable state; a first annular conductive member that is fitted to an outer peripheral side of the retainer in a state where the braided shield member is sandwiched therebetween; and a second annular conductive member that is fitted to an outer peripheral side of the first annular conductive member in a state where the braided shield member is sandwiched therebetween.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of electrical bridges, wherein a conductive pattern (2) from electroconductive material, such as metal foil, is applied over a substrate (1) made of electrically insulating material and the electroconductive material has at least one strip tongue (3) unattached to the substrate, one side of the tongue is attached to the conductive pattern (2), and the said strip tongue (3) is folded over an area insulated electrically from the conductive pattern (2), and the strip tongue (3) is connected electroconductively to a predetermined other part (5) of the conductive pattern (2).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a printed wiring board includes preparing a core substrate having a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side of the first surface, forming on the first-surface side of the substrate a first opening portion tapering from the first toward second surface, forming on the second-surface side of the substrate a second opening portion tapering from the second toward first surface, forming a third opening portion such that a penetrating hole formed of the first opening portion, the second opening portion and the third opening portion connecting the first and second opening portions is formed in the substrate, forming a first conductor on the first surface of the substrate, forming a second conductor on the second surface of the substrate, and filling a conductive material in the penetrating hole such that a through-hole conductor connecting the first and second conductors is formed.

Abstract: A shield conductor that shields an electrical wire includes a shield pipe and a metallic braid part that are connected together by a weld along a circumferential direction. The weld may be made by ultrasonic welding. The welding may be direct welding, or welding in which a welding member is melted and then hardened to connect the shield pipe and the metallic braid part together.

Abstract: The present invention is directed, in part, to an apparatus that effectively kills odor-causing bacteria within the interior of a shoe. The device doing so by employing use of a UV light source, housed within a rigid or semi-rigid framework, designed to fit snugly within the interior of a typical shoe. The framework of the device is designed to allow a maximum amount of UV light to illuminate and irradiate the interior of the shoe when the device is placed within the shoe. The device of the invention can be powered by means of an electrical adaptor, power supply or by battery power. In employing the device on a routine basis, a user can eliminate odor-causing bacteria and significantly increase the life of the shoes and effectively eliminate the embarrassment of odor from one's shoes.

Abstract: A computing center module with a module casing and a module area in which electronic devices are arrangeable, at least one access path being provided in the module area. The module area has a hot air outlet region, and the module casing tapers towards the hot air outlet region such that a natural cooling process is allowed. The computing center module is easily and inexpensively produced, requires little surface area, can be cooled efficiently and inexpensively, and offers the possibility to scale the provided module area as needed in a simple manner and to protect against specific environmental risks. The module casing is formed by a pipe which is closeable at the axial ends, and the module casing is provided with at least one movable coupling device for connecting to another computing center module casing such that a common module area is produced when the module casings are connected.

Abstract: A recessed lighting fixture includes a lamp housing and a separate compact junction box, which contains a power supply that drives the lamp and serves in part to divide the interior cavity of the junction box into two separate wiring compartments. The junction box has two end walls spaced along an axis and a releasably secured. The lighting fixture is particularly suitable for retrofit installations, especially where small aperture downlights are desired.

Abstract: A circuit board that is to be mounted in a connector socket includes a plurality of electrical connectors located along a side edge of the circuit board. Retention bosses are formed on first and second opposite sides of the circuit board, each of the retention bosses protruding from a surface of the circuit board and extending parallel to and adjacent to the first edge of the circuit board. When the first edge of the circuit board is inserted into a slot of a connector socket, contact surfaces of the first and second retention bosses contact top surfaces of the connector socket to help immobilize the circuit board with respect to the connector socket. Adhesive layers on the contact surfaces of the first and second retention bosses may adhere to the top surfaces of the connector socket to help hold the circuit board immobile with respect to the connector socket.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging detector has photoimaging pixels disposed in an array, control electronics for controlling operation of the array to capture radiographic images, and a voltage source for powering the array of photoimaging pixels and the control electronics. A housing with multiple parts encloses at least the array and the control electronics and provides a seating for the voltage source. A first part has a first mating surface, a second part has a second mating surface. The first and second mating surfaces are disposed adjacent to each other and define a gap therebetween with a hydrophobic material deposited along at least one of the first and second mating surfaces.

Abstract: A wet-mateable electrical connection and an associated method are provided for use, for example, within an adverse environment such as underwater. A wet-mateable electrical connection may include a female connector body comprising at least one receptacle. A female contact is disposed within the at least one receptacle. A male connector body having at least one axially directed male contact pin having a forward end portion releaseably engages with the female contact body within the receptacle, thus forming a fully-mated engagement. In the fully-mated engagement, the electrical contacts are in contact with water/fluid. Thus, the electrical connection is established even in the presence of water/fluid.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multi-piece board having a frame section and a multiple piece sections connected to the frame section includes forming a frame section from a manufacturing panel for the frame section, sorting out multiple acceptable piece sections by inspecting quality of piece sections, forming notch portions in the frame section and the acceptable piece sections such that the notch portions allow the acceptable piece sections to be arranged with respect to the frame section, provisionally fixing the piece sections and the frame section in respective positions, injecting an adhesive agent into cavities formed by the notch portions when the frame section and the piece sections are provisionally fixed to each other, and joining the acceptable piece sections with the frame section by curing the adhesive agent injected into the cavities.

Abstract: A nano-electro-mechanical switch includes an input electrode, a body electrode, an insulating layer, an actuator electrode, an output electrode, and a cantilever beam adapted to flex in response to an actuation voltage applied between the body electrode and the actuator electrode. The cantilever beam includes the input electrode, the body electrode and the insulating layer, the latter separating the body electrode from the input electrode, the cantilever beam being configured such that, upon flexion of the cantilever beam, the input electrode comes in contact with the output electrode at a single mechanical contact point at the level of an end of the cantilever beam.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of fabrication of a stimulation lead comprising a plurality of segmented electrodes for stimulation of tissue of a patient, the method comprises: providing an elongated, substantially cylindrical substrate, the substrate comprising a plurality of recesses defined in an outer surface of the substrate; coating the substrate with conductive material; patterning conductive material on the substrate to form a plurality of electrode surfaces for at least the plurality of segmented electrodes and a plurality of traces connected to the plurality of electrode surfaces, wherein each electrode surface and its corresponding trace are defined in the recesses on the outer surface of the substrate and are electrically isolated from other electrode surfaces and traces; providing insulative material over at least the plurality of traces; and electrically coupling the plurality of traces to conductive wires of a lead body.

Abstract: A protection apparatus that is disposed adjacent a first side of a bare cell of a battery having at least one electrode. The protection apparatus comprises a first and a second lead plates that are adapted to be connected to the at least one electrode of the bare cell and a pad unit comprising a plurality of conductive pads that are adapted so that external devices are coupled to the battery via the conductive pads of the pad unit. The protection apparatus also comprises a device unit that includes electrical components that provide protection to the bare cell of the battery; wiring that interconnects the first and second lead plates, the pad unit and the device unit; and an insulator that encapsulates at least a portion of the first and second lead plates, the pad unit, the device unit and the wiring.

Abstract: A routing structure of a wire harness is continuously routed by being bent upward from two ends of an under-floor routed area under a floor of an automobile body, and being drawn out, at least on the rear side, to above the floor through a through-hole formed in a floor panel of the automobile body, wherein the wire harness is inserted into a continuous metal pipe, the metal pipe is bent upward at a location where the metal pipe is inserted into the through-hole of the floor panel, the metal pipe into which the wire harness is inserted is routed through the through-hole, a grommet is externally fitted on and fixed to a region of the metal pipe that is inserted into the through-hole, and a seal lip provided on the grommet is pressed against the lower surface of the floor panel from the underfloor side to block water.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrical cable includes dividing a tube into a plurality of sectors by passage across a sectoring device, gathering the sectors into a stack by passage of the sectors through a gathering device, and surrounding the stack with an insulating layer. Additional strip features may be applied by application of one or more strip conditioners. Alternatively, strips may be supplied on individual reels for gathering or provided in a multi-end reel already stacked. Where a multi-end reel is provided, length differentials within the stack as it is unwound may be compensated for by application of a stretcher.

Abstract: A light fixture includes a heat dissipating structure, an electronics assembly, and a bolt for attaching the heat dissipating structure to an external panel. The heat dissipating structure includes a first side having multiple outwardly extending projection regions and a socket, for receiving a light source, is formed in an apex of each projection region. A second side of the heat dissipating structure includes a heat sink formed in an internal cavity of each projection region. The heat sink includes fins in contact with and radially arranged about an outer surface of the socket. The electronics assembly is located at the first side of the heat dissipating structure. The bolt includes a passage through which wiring from an external source is routed to the electronics assembly. The electronics assembly includes wires routed through channels in each of the projection regions that electrically interconnect the light sources to the electronics assembly.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a device for brain stimulation includes forming a lead body having a distal end section and coupling at least one pre-electrode to the distal end section of the lead body. The pre-electrode defines a divider with a plurality of partitioning arms, and has a plurality of fixing lumens. A portion of the pre-electrode aligned with the portioning arms is removed to divide the pre-electrode into a plurality of segmented electrodes. Each of the plurality of segmented electrodes defines at least one of the plurality of fixing, lumens at least partially disposed through the segmented electrode. A material is introduced through the at least one fixing lumen to couple the plurality of segmented electrodes to the lead body.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a support member; an electronic component stacked over the support member with a plurality of connections therebetween; and a refrigerant pipe through which a refrigerant passes, the refrigerant pipe being provided between at least some connections among the plurality of connections. A method for manufacturing an electric device includes: stacking an electronic component over a support member with a plurality of connections therebetween; and providing a refrigerant pipe, through which a refrigerant passes, between at least some connections among the plurality of connections.

Abstract: The LED light tube is adapted to replace a fluorescent light tube which is mounted in a fluorescent light tube fixture. These fixtures have first and second socket end mounts and each end mount mechanically accepts a bi-pin or other common connector for the fluorescent light tube. The fluorescent fixture is supplied with a main power line. In the present invention, the main power line may carry 110 to 277 volts. However, the present invention utilizes main power feed only to the first socket end mount of the fluorescent fixture and further maintains an open circuit between the main line power and the second socket end mount. The LED light tube includes an elongated tubular structure substantially the size and length of the fluorescent light tube and extends between the first and second end mounts of the fixture. Within an end region of the tubular structure and adjacent the first tube end mount, an internal power supply converts the main line power to LED bank power.

Abstract: An embodiment electrical cable includes an elongated sheath, and a first chain of permanent magnet spheroids disposed within the sheath, wherein the spheroids are physically and electrically coupled in series with each other. The electrical cable further includes a first connector body mechanically attached to a first end of the sheath, and a first active signal contact mechanically attached to the first connector body, and electrically connected to the chain of permanent magnet spheroids.

Abstract: An insert made of electrically conducting material, insertable at least partly inside a seat on a first member, and connectable to a second member; the insert having a fastening member connectable electrically to a first electrically conducting area on the first member.

Abstract: An electrical junction box assembly is disclosed that includes an electrical junction box housing having a plurality of junction box walls defining an interior region, and at least one aperture defined by at least one of the plurality of junction box walls, the aperture adapted to receive at least one electrical wire. The electrical junction box assembly further includes an inner housing disposed within the interior region of the electrical junction box housing and segmenting the interior region into a substantially-enclosed cavity and an open-face cavity. The inner housing is substantially adjacent to one of the plurality of junction box walls such that the electrical wire received into the electrical junction box housing via the aperture is disposed only within the substantially-enclosed cavity and not within the open-face cavity.

Abstract: A bio-fluid sensor is formed by depositing polyimide on a glass substrate. Gold and platinum are deposited on the polyimide and patterned to form fluid sensing electrodes, signal traces, and a temperature sensor. The fluid sensor is then fixed to a flexible tape and peeled off of the glass substrate.