Abstract: The invention relates to a reduced sensor head (30) for an X-ray detector (74), comprising a printed circuit board (10) having an end face (12) and lateral faces (14), a sensor chip (32) which is arranged on the end face (12) of the printed circuit board (10) and which is sensitive to X-ray radiation (72), a plurality of signal and control connections (40), a plurality of bonding islands (16) which are arranged on the printed circuit board (10) so as to make contact and which are electrically conductively connected to the signal and control connections (40) by means of at least one respective bonding wire (46), wherein the bonding islands (16) are arranged on the lateral faces (14) of the printed circuit board (10).

Abstract: The reflective collection-type light receiving unit of the present invention is a reflective collection-type light receiving unit having a light receiving element which receives spatial light on which an information signal is superimposed after being reflected and collected via a concave mirror. The light receiving element is arranged approximately at the center inside the concave mirror, with the light receiving plane thereof facing to the reflection plane of the concave mirror. A pair of electrode leads connected to both electrodes of the light receiving element are extended so as to be opened from the center on the front plane of the concave mirror to both sides and connected to a light receiving circuit by way of the lateral plane of the concave mirror.

Abstract: A radiation detector with an integrated collimator. The collimator may be deposited on an anode or cathode face of the radiation detector. An insulating material may be deposited between the collimator and the radiation detector if the collimator is deposited on the anode side. The collimator may be comprised of a single layer or of multiple layers. Patterning and etching may be used to create an aperture in the collimator to allow x-rays to impinge on a full charge collection region of the radiation detector intrinsic region.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a digital X-ray detector assembly is provided that includes a digital detector array and a support panel secured to the detector array, wherein at least one side of the support panel includes a recess exposing an edge region of the detector array. In another embodiment, a method is provided for assembling a digital X-ray detector assembly. The method includes securing a rear side of a detector array to a front side of a support panel that includes a recess in at least one side of the support panel, wherein the recess of the support panel exposes an edge region of the detector array; and processing the exposed edge region of the detector array. In a further embodiment, a method is provided for assembly and servicing of a digital X-ray detector assembly.

Abstract: A radiation projection detector includes a conversion layer configured to generate light photons in response to a radiation, the conversion layer having a plurality of first conversion elements and a plurality of second conversion elements, and a photo detector array aligned with the conversion panel, wherein each of the first conversion elements has a first radiation conversion characteristic, and each of the second conversion elements has a second radiation conversion characteristic. A radiation projection detector includes a photoconductor layer configured to generate charges in response to radiation, the photoconductor layer having a plurality of first photoconductor elements and a plurality of second photoconductor elements, and a detector array aligned with the photoconductor layer, wherein each of the first photoconductor elements has a first charge generating characteristic, and each of the second photoconductor elements has a second charge generating characteristic.

Abstract: Systems and methods for nuclear medicine (NM) imaging using different radiopharmaceuticals are provided. One method includes generating images of a region of interest (ROI) from radioactive emissions from a localization radiopharmaceutical to position the ROI in a field-of-view (FOV) of a gamma camera based on the generated images of the ROI. The method further includes performing an imaging scan of the ROI using an imaging radiopharmaceutical to acquire image data of the ROI, wherein the imaging radiopharmaceutical is different than the localization radiopharmaceutical.

Abstract: An angle-responsive sensor, comprising: a radiation detector adapted to detect ionizing radiation; at least one radiation absorbing element arranged to block radiation from reaching said detector in a manner dependent on a relative orientation of a radiation source, said detector and said element, said detector and said element defining an aim for said sensor; and circuitry coupled to said detector and which generates an output signal which varies as a function of said relative orientation, wherein said detector and said element are arranged to have a working volume of at least 10 cm in depth and having an angular width, such that said signal defines an accuracy of better than 3 mm within one standard deviation, over said working volume.

Abstract: The present application relates to a combined anti-scatter grid, cathode, and carrier for a photon detector used in spectral CT imaging. The photon detector of the present application may include a cathode having at least one outwardly extending plate and at least one base plate, a substrate having at least one anode, and a converter material, such as for example, Cadmium Zinc Telluride (“CZT”) or Cadmium Telluride. The at least one outwardly extending plate of the cathode may extend above the other detector components to act as an anti-scatter grid for the detector. Further, the at least one outwardly extending plate of the cathode may extend below the other detector components and be fixed to the at least one base plate of the detector. The converter material may be attached to at least one side of the at least one outwardly extending plate of the cathode.

Abstract: A radiation beam analyzer for measuring the distribution and intensity of radiation produced by a Cyberknife®. The analyzer employs a relative small tank of water into which a sensor is placed. The distance between the sensor and the radiation source is not varied. There are two methods to maintain the SAD (source to axis distance) constant. A first method maintains the position of detector fixed, utilizing a holder designed to retain the detector, and raises or lowers the small tank of water. A second method moves the detector up or down with a raising and lower mechanism in one direction and synchronically moves the small tank of water in the opposite direction with another raising and lowering mechanism. The second method also keeps the SAD constant. These methods position the detector relative to the radiation source to simulate the location of a malady within a patient's body.

Abstract: A system for analyzing an electron beam including a circular electron beam diagnostic sensor adapted to receive the electron beam, the circular electron beam diagnostic sensor having a central axis; an annular sensor structure operatively connected to the circular electron beam diagnostic sensor, wherein the sensor structure receives the electron beam; a system for sweeping the electron beam radially outward from the central axis of the circular electron beam diagnostic sensor to the annular sensor structure wherein the electron beam is intercepted by the annular sensor structure; and a device for measuring the electron beam that is intercepted by the annular sensor structure.

Abstract: A high strength window for a radiation detection system has a plurality of ribs comprising beryllium material. There are openings between the plurality of ribs. The tops of the ribs terminate generally in a common plane. The high strength window also has a support frame around a perimeter of the ribs. A layer of thin polymer film material is disposed over and spans the plurality of ribs and openings to pass radiation therethrough. A radiation detection system comprises a high strength window as described above and a sensor behind the window. The sensor is configured to detect radiation that passes through the window.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide methods, systems and apparatuses that detect, classify and locate flash events. In some implementations, some of the methods detect a flash event, trigger an imaging system in response to detecting the flash event to capture an image of an area that includes the flash event, and determines a location of the flash event.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for calibrating a source detection device. The apparatus comprises a detector having a known amplification gain, a count rate meter, a means of measuring peak energy of a detected particle, a means of counting the number of particles detected at a given energy range and a means of comparing the number of particles counted over an energy range with an expected value. The apparatus adjusts the gain to cause the measured spectrum to correspond with an expected spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation image capturing system. A radiation detector of a radiation detecting cassette detects a radiation that has passed through a patient, and an accumulated exposed radiation dose calculator calculates an accumulated exposed radiation dose by accumulating radiation image information detected by the radiation detector, at every image capturing. The calculated accumulated exposed radiation dose is transmitted, together with cassette ID information, to a console. In the console, a status determining unit compares the accumulated exposed radiation dose with an allowable accumulated exposed radiation dose for the radiation detecting cassette to determine the status of the radiation detecting cassette, and issues a warning based on the determined status.

Abstract: A multiview x-ray scanning system for inspecting the 3D volume of an object has been presented. The method uses multiple x-ray sources and multiple x-ray beams. The object to be inspected is interposed in the trajectory of these beams and moved relative to these beams. The x-ray beams after passing through the object are detected by detectors that are interleaved to realize a compact design. In order that the interleaved detectors do not intersect, the location of detectors and sources is adjusted. Further, the design of detectors is such that they can be placed in close proximity to each other in order to realize a small footprint scanner having a high resolution.

Abstract: A dosimeter is disclosed for use in container including outer walls defining an interior volume, the dosimeter including: a radon detection element adapted to detect a radon level for the interior volume; a neutron detection element adapted detect a neutron level for the interior volume. The dosimeter is adapted to measure the radon level and neutron level for a period of time, compare the measured radon level to a first threshold, compare the measured neutron level to a second threshold, and determine information indicative of the presence or absence of fissile material within the interior volume based on the comparisons.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide methods, systems and apparatuses that detect, classify and locate flash events. In some implementations, some of the methods detect a flash event, trigger an imaging system in response to detecting the flash event to capture an image of an area that includes the flash event, and determines a location of the flash event.

Abstract: A radiation machine includes a sensor configured to convert radiation into an electric signal; an electronic component configured to process the electric signal output from the sensor; and a protector configured to protect at least a part of the electronic component from exposure to radiation, a transmittance of radiation of the protector being changeable. In the radiation machine, the transmittance of the protector, which protects an IC in the casing, is protected from exposure to radiation.

Abstract: A device for detecting infrared radiation comprising an array of bolometric detectors which are sensitive to incident radiation and are referred to as “active” and a bolometer which is insensitive to said radiation and is referred to as “blind” formed on a substrate in which a read circuit is produced for sequentially addressing each of the rows of detectors of the array, each of the active bolometers in a single row being biased simultaneously. The read circuit also comprises means of producing a reference current (Iref) based on the blind bolometer; means of simultaneously copying the reference current (Iref) for each column of the array; and a plurality of current integrators, each associated with one column of the array and each designed to integrate the difference between the current flowing through the active bolometer of the row which is currently being read and said thus copied reference current.

Abstract: Pulses of signals in the terahertz region are generated using an apparatus made up of a mode-locked semiconductor laser diode with a short duty cycle that is optically coupled to a biased Auston switch. The output from the mode-locked semiconductor laser diode may first be supplied to a pulse compressor, and the resulting compressed pulses supplied to the Auston switch. Preferably, the mode-locking of the semiconductor laser diode is controllable, i.e., it is an active mode-locking semiconductor laser, so that the phase of the output optical signal from the laser is locked to the phase of an input control signal.

Abstract: A radiation image capturing system includes an image capturing apparatus for acquiring radiation image information of a subject by controlling a radiation source according to predetermined image capturing conditions, an image capturing order supply apparatus for supplying an image capturing order including the image capturing conditions, and a controller for controlling the image capturing apparatus according to the image capturing order. The controller includes an image capturing order changer for changing the image capturing order, an image capturing detail editor for editing image capturing details of the radiation image information acquired when the image capturing apparatus is controlled according to the image capturing order, and an image capturing detail supply unit for supplying the edited image capturing details.

Abstract: A portable radiographic image capturing device has: an image capturing unit at which is provided a radiation surface onto which radiation is irradiated at a time of capturing a radiographic image, and that captures a radiographic image expressed by radiation irradiated onto the radiation surface, and that incorporates therein a radiation detector that outputs electric signals expressing a captured radiographic image; and a control unit that is connected to the image capturing unit, and that incorporates therein a controller that controls image capturing operations of the radiation detector, and that can be changed between an expanded state in which the radiation surface is exposed to an exterior and a housed state in which the control unit covers the radiation surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting radioactivity of a whole body is disclosed. which is The apparatus for detecting radioactivity of a whole body is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper and lower parts are divided into front, rear, left and right portions, respectively, a radioactivity detection unit is installed at each of the front, rear, left and right portions, radioactivity values detected by each of the radioactivity detection units are compared and analyzed such that radioactivity values detected by the radioactivity detection units positioned at upper front and rear parts are compared, radioactivity values detected by the radioactivity detection units positioned at upper left and right parts are compared, and also radioactivity values detected by the lower radioactivity detection units are compared in the same manner, thus determining whether or not the internal parts or external parts of the body of a detection target have been contaminated by radioactivity.

Abstract: A computerized system for locating a device including a sensor module and a processor. A radioactive source, associated with the device, produces a signal in the form of radioactive disintegrations. The sensor module includes a radiation detector capable of receiving a signal from the source attached to the device. The sensor module produces an output signal. The processor receives output signal(s) and translates output into information relating to a position of source.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising a sensor for detecting electromagnetic radiation from an object, focussing means arranged to focus said electromagnetic radiation onto the sensor, and a configurable element disposed between the focussing means and the sensor. The configurable element is switchable between a plurality of configurations, each configuration providing a different transfer function between the object and the sensor. As the configurable element is located between the focussing means and the sensor, the transfer function associated with each configuration contains information from both the Fourier and image domains, allowing a high resolution image to be reconstructed.

Abstract: A sensor device, in particular for an image recorder for recording any desired radiation, in particular electromagnetic radiation, X-ray radiation, gamma radiation or some other particle radiation has a plurality of sensor layers which are arranged above one another and each have sensor elements. In each sensor layer, coefficients of a basic function are recorded by the sensor elements which are hard-wired and each directly provide a measured value, the magnitude of which corresponds to a coefficient of the basic function which may be a wavelet basic function. The sensor device provides a recorded image in compressed form and with simultaneously little complexity and can be used in a versatile manner, in particular in an image recorder or a digital camera or, in medicine, in an X-ray machine or a tomograph. Furthermore, the sensor device can be used in a satellite for distant reconnaissance or for the purposes of astrophysics.

Abstract: A tritium sensor and method are provided. The sensor involves the use of an electrode having a semiconductor coating that has properties selected to allow the passage of beta particles at the particular energy level for tritium through the semiconductor layer to a conductive electrode core and produce current. Current flow in the core can be measured by a current measuring device. The current flow can be correlated to the concentration of tritium in the gas surrounding the electrode to provide an indication of the amount of tritium present. The device can be used in a static system or a system in which the tritium containing gas flows. The apparatus provides real time readings of the tritium concentration in gas.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a medium detecting method includes conveying a medium in a first direction along a first conveying path, and allowing the medium conveyed from the first conveying path to enter a second conveying path arranged with the first conveying path so that the medium is conveyed in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The method also includes allowing light emitting elements of first and second detecting sensors to irradiate light such that the light intersects the first and second conveying paths, and detecting the presence or absence of the medium based on whether or not light receiving elements of the first and second detecting sensors receive the light.

Abstract: A diagnostic system for characterization of an electron beam or an ion beam includes an electrical conducting disk of refractory material having a circumference, a center, and a Faraday cup assembly positioned to receive the electron beam or ion beam. At least one slit in the disk provides diagnostic characterization of the electron beam or ion beam. The at least one slit is located between the circumference and the center of the disk and includes a radial portion that is in radial alignment with the center and a portion that deviates from radial alignment with the center. The electron beam or ion beam is directed onto the disk and translated to the at least one slit wherein the electron beam or ion beam enters the at least one slit for providing diagnostic characterization of the electron beam or ion beam.

Abstract: A single-photon detector is disclosed that provides reduced afterpulsing without some of the disadvantages for doing so in the prior art. An embodiment of the present invention provides a stimulus pulse to the active area of an avalanche photodetector to stimulate charges that are trapped in energy trap states to detrap. In some embodiments of the present invention, the stimulus pulse is a thermal pulse.

Abstract: An imaging detector includes a radiation sensitive region having first and second opposing sides. One of the first or second sides senses impinging radiation. The detector further includes electronics located on the other of the first or second sides of the radiation sensitive region. The electronics includes a thermal controller that regulates a temperature of the imaging detector.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprises a housing having an upper panel on the incident side of radiation, a bottom panel opposite to the upper panel, a side panel connecting the upper panel with the bottom panel. The housing accommodates a radiation detection panel, a light source and a chassis providing rigidity to the housing. The chassis has a transmissible part which transmit the calibration light from the light source, the radiation detection panel is fixed on the side of the upper panel, and the light source is fixed on the side of the bottom part of the chassis. Further, a detachable lid is formed in at least a part of the bottom panel, and the opening portion is formed so as to expose the light source.

Abstract: A method and system for high Z material revealing using muon detection technique is presented. The system measures muons' coordinates, velocities, incidence angles and leaving angles. Two series of detectors: one above and one below the interrogated volume are used. A muon trajectory deviation from an expected trajectory is used for the decision making on the presence of high Z material inside the volume. The muon velocity is measured using either a ring Cerenkov counter, a transition radiation detector or/and a threshold Cerenkov counter. The expected trajectory is calculated basing on known particle velocity.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave generating element; an elliptical mirror; an optical lens configured to apply a terahertz wave generated by the terahertz-wave generating element, obliquely to a focusing plane of a first focus of the elliptical mirror; and a terahertz-wave detecting element arranged at a second focus of the elliptical mirror.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method counting photons. Photons are counted through a plurality of counters. Each of the counters generates a flag signal indicating the availability of each counter for an output of a photon detector. The generated flag signal is input into a control unit which controls a switching unit. The control unit allows a signal to be input into a counter, which is not in dead time, based on the received flag signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation image capturing apparatus that includes a signal reading circuit for reading an image signal from a sensor substrate. The signal reading circuit includes a charge detecting circuit and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the charge detecting circuit, and controls the gain of a variable gain amplifier of the charge detecting circuit based on the detected temperature.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the passive measurement of spectral lines from the absorption or emission by polar molecules. The system includes mmW front-end assembly, back-end electronics, and data acquisition hardware and software was assembled. The method relates to methods for processing multi-channel radiometric data from passive mmW detection systems.

Abstract: A screening method and apparatus, the method comprising irradiating a subject for screening with excitation radiation, collecting detector output data from a radiation detector located near the subject, and resolving individual signals in the detector output data by (i) determining a signal form of signals present in the data, (ii) making parameter estimates of one or more parameters of the signals, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least a signal temporal position, and (iii) determining the energy of each of the signals from at least the signal form and the parameter estimates. The screening time is shorter, dwell time is shorter, resolution is improved and/or throughput is increased.

Abstract: A detector array and method for making the detector array. The array includes a substrate including a plurality of trenches formed therein, and includes a plurality of collectors electrically isolated from each other, formed on the walls of the trenches, and configured to collect charge particles incident on respective ones of the collectors and to output from said collectors signals indicative of charged particle collection. The array includes a plurality of readout circuits disposed on a side of the substrate opposite openings to the collectors. The readout circuits are configured to read charge collection signals from respective ones of the plurality of collectors.

Abstract: A probe apparatus includes a first focusing lens and a second focusing lens. The first focusing lens is arranged on a surface of a base to which a terahertz excitation beam is applied, the surface being opposite to the surface to which terahertz excitation beam is applied, with the lens axis deviated from the center of a point at which the terahertz excitation beam is applied. The second focusing lens is arranged on a surface of a base to which a terahertz detected beam is applied from a source of the terahertz excitation beam, the surface being opposite to the surface to which the terahertz detected beam is applied, with the lens axis deviated from the center of a point at which the terahertz detected beam is applied, in a direction opposite to the direction in which the lens axis of the first focusing lens is deviated.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining a beam parameter of an asymmetrical photon beam generated by an accelerator are provided. A beam profile of a symmetrical photon beam is measured and normalized. For the asymmetrical photon beam, a normalization of the beam profile is implemented such that the maximum of the profile corresponds to a value of the normalized symmetrical beam profile at the site of the maximum. The parameter determination takes place using a conventional beam parameter definition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cassette type radiation image detector, serving as an FPD that makes it possible to achieve the digitalization of image data. The detector includes: a detection unit to detect incident radiation to generate radiation image data and a housing that includes a main section formed in shape of a rectangular hollow cylinder at both ends of which opening sections are provided, and a first covering member and a second covering member, each of which is engaged with the main section by using an engaging member, to cover each of the opening sections, and that accommodates the detection unit therein. The main section is formed in such a manner that a first direction of carbon fibers included in a radiation incident surface and a second direction of carbon fibers included in an opposite surface are inclined relative to the opening sections, respectively, and are different from each other.

Abstract: A three dimensional radiation measurement scanning system includes a circular drive operable with horizontal and vertical drives for moving a radiation detector through first, second and third orthogonal axes in a three dimensional scanning of the detector in a water tank. Motor are coupled to the drives and activated by a controller for providing the movement of the radiation detector which providing radiation field sensing signals for locations of the detector throughout the tank. A reference detector is fixed for comparing its radiation field measurements with those of the scanned radiation detector. An offset mount carries the radiation detector allowing it to be extended beyond the circular ring gear during horizontal movement of the radiation detector and thus position the radiation detector at wall surfaces of the water tank.

Abstract: A method for linearizing a radiation detector is provided, the method including measuring a pulse height spectrum of a predetermined radiation source, identifying at least one spectrum template for the predetermined radiation source, and determining a linearization function by comparing the measured pulse height spectrum with the at least one identified spectrum template. The at least one spectrum template is a predefined synthesized energy spectrum for the predetermined radiation source and for the corresponding radiation detector. Further, a detector for measuring one or more types of radiation is provided, the detector being adapted for transforming the measured pulse height spectrum in an energy-calibrated spectrum, the transformation including a linearization step, where a linearization function used with the linearization step is determined according to the inventive method.

Abstract: A detector array and method for making the detector array. The detector array includes a substrate including a plurality of trenches formed therein, and a plurality of collectors electrically isolated from each other, formed on the walls of the trenches, and configured to collect charged particles incident on respective ones of the collectors and to output from the collectors signals indicative of charged particle collection. In the detector array, adjacent ones of the plurality of trenches are disposed in a staggered configuration relative to one another. The method forms in a substrate a plurality of trenches across a surface of the substrate such that adjacent ones of the trenches are in a staggered sequence relative to one another, forms in the plurality of trenches a plurality of collectors, and connects a plurality of electrodes respectively to the collectors.

Abstract: A large number of properties of nanostructures depend on their size, shape and many other parameters. As the size of a nanostructure decreases, there is a rapid change in many properties. When the nanostructure is completely destroyed, those properties essentially disappear. Systems based on changes in properties of nanostructures due to the destruction of nanostructures are proposed. The systems can be used for monitoring the total exposure to organic, inorganic, organometallic and biological compounds and agents using analytical methods.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, generating image data includes receiving coded aperture imaging sensor data collected according to coded aperture imaging and receiving Compton imaging sensor data collected according to Compton imaging. The coded aperture imaging sensor data and the Compton imaging sensor data are generated by a sensor system sensing radiation from a radiation source. A coded aperture imaging pixel value and a Compton imaging pixel value are determined for each pixel of an image. A combining function comprising addition is applied to the coded aperture imaging pixel value and the Compton imaging pixel value to yield a combined pixel value for each pixel. Combined image data is generated from the combined pixel values. The combined image data is configured to yield a combined image of the radiation source.

Abstract: A medical x-ray detection device includes an x-ray detector operable to detect the presence of x-ray radiation in a medical environment, and a signal emitter operatively coupled to said x-ray detector. The signal emitter includes at least one active light-emitting signal device, wherein the signal emitter is operative to emit a signal corresponding to the presence of x-ray radiation.

Abstract: A gamma camera for use in a molecular imaging system includes a housing, a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) camera disposed within the housing, and at least one retractable wall coupled to the housing and adapted to secure an anatomy of interest in a field-of-view of the gamma camera. The gamma camera also includes a chamfered edge to enable the gamma camera to contact a second gamma camera when the gamma camera is positioned in an L-mode imaging configuration.

Abstract: A system for deployment of a millimeter wave concealed object detection system using an outdoor passively illuminated structure is disclosed. In a particular embodiment, the structure includes at least one sidewall with at least one louvered panel within the sidewall. The louvered panel is orientated to reflect millimeter energy into the structure that is used in part by a concealed object detection system for detecting concealed objects. The louvered panel includes a plurality of adjustable parallel slats for obtaining an optimum deployment angle. The structure further includes at least one detection lane for guiding a subject through the structure and is configured between a controlled entry barrier and an exit barrier of the structure.