Abstract: A material and method for the decomposition/dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen is disclosed. The material comprises an amalgam of an alkali metal, mercury, and aluminum combined with a catalytically effective amount of an alloy comprising nickel and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of germanium, antimony, gallium, thallium, indium, and bismuth.

Abstract: A chemical process for separating air into both oxygen and purified nitrogen is disclosed. Bulk oxygen removal is accomplished using an oxygen acceptor such as molten alkali nitrite solution, SrO, or Pr-Ce oxides. The remaining oxygen is removed by reaction with a scavenger such as MnO or others. The oxidized scavenger is regenerated by a reducing gas, and the heat released by the combined scavenging reactions is used to furnish at least part of the energy required by the acceptor process.

Abstract: A material and method for the decomposition/dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen is disclosed. The material comprises an amalgam of an alkali metal, mercury, and aluminum combined with a catalytically effective amount of an alloy comprising a metal selected from the platinum metal family and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of germanium, antimony, gallium, thallium, indium, cadmium, bismuth, lead, zinc and tin.

Abstract: Water is fed into a high temperature pressurized vessel containing hydrated large-port mordenite having a high Si/Al ratio and containing a cation that is selected from a specified group of metals and that is in its highest oxidation state. The high temperature causes an endothermic redox reaction that produces oxygen gas and, as a solid reaction product, a large-port mordenite wherein the metal cation is in a lower oxidation state. The solid reaction product is passed through a heat exchanger, where it is cooled and then into a second pressurized reaction vessel at low temperature whereby there occurs an exothermic redox reaction that produces hydrogen gas and which oxidizes the cation back to its highest oxidation state. The large-port mordenite generated in the second reaction vessel is passed through the heat exchanger, where it is heated, and then back into the first reaction vessel for recycling.

Abstract: A thermochemical cyclic process for the production of hydrogen exploits the reaction between sodium manganate (NaMnO.sub.2) and titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) to form sodium titanate (Na.sub.2 TiO.sub.3), manganese (II) titanate (MnTiO.sub.3) and oxygen. The titanate mixture is treated with sodium hydroxide, in the presence of steam, to form sodium titanate, sodium manganate (III), water and hydrogen. The sodium titanate-manganate (III) mixture is treated with water to form sodium manganate (III), titanium dioxide and sodium hydroxide. Sodium manganate (III) and titanium dioxide are recycled following dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen comprises the step of reacting metallic Cu with Ba(OH).sub.2 in the presence of steam to produce hydrogen and BaCu.sub.2 O.sub.2. The BaCu.sub.2 O.sub.2 is reacted with H.sub.2 O to form Cu.sub.2 O and a Ba(OH).sub.2 product for recycle to the initial reaction step. Cu can be obtained from the Cu.sub.2 O product by several methods. In one embodiment the Cu.sub.2 O is reacted with HF solution to provide CuF.sub.2 and Cu. The CuF.sub.2 is reacted with H.sub.2 O to provide CuO and HF. CuO is decomposed to Cu.sub.2 O and O.sub.2. The HF, Cu and Cu.sub.2 O are recycled. In another embodiment the Cu.sub.2 O is reacted with aqueous H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 solution to provide CuSO.sub.4 solution and Cu. The CuSO.sub.4 is decomposed to CuO and SO.sub.3. The CuO is decomposed to form Cu.sub.2 O and O.sub.2. The SO.sub.3 is dissolved to form H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, Cu and Cu.sub.2 O are recycled. In another embodiment Cu.sub.2 O is decomposed electrolytically to Cu and O.sub.2.

Abstract: A method for generating electronically excited oxygen by efFecting a chemical reaction between chlorine and basic hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Revitalization of air by circulation thereof through a quantity of a salt zirconium, titanium or boron and oxygen in the peroxide or higher positive valence state and by mixtures thereof with an alkali metal or alkaline earth hydroxide, oxide, peroxide, superoxide, or ozonide or mixture thereof.

Abstract: A thermochemical cyclic process for producing hydrogen from water comprises reacting ceric oxide with monobasic or dibasic alkali metal phosphate to yield a solid reaction product, oxygen and water. The solid reaction product, alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, and water, are reacted to yield hydrogen, ceric oxide, carbon dioxide and trialkali metal phosphate. Ceric oxide is recycled. Trialkali metal phosphate, carbon dioxide and water are reacted to yield monobasic or dibasic alkali metal phosphate and alkali metal bicarbonate, which are recycled. The cylic process can be modified for producing carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide by reacting the alkali metal cerous phosphate and alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate in the absence of water to produce carbon monoxide, ceric oxide, carbon dioxide and trialkali metal phosphate. Carbon monoxide can be converted to hydrogen by the water gas shift reaction.

Abstract: A process for isolating butadiene by means of a selective solvent from a C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture which contains butadiene, small amounts of oxygen, hydrocarbons which are more soluble than butadiene in the selective solvent and hydrocarbons which are less soluble than butadiene in the selective solvent, wherein the C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture is separated, by extractive distillation, into a distillate containing the less soluble hydrocarbons, a stream of butadiene and a stream containing the more soluble hydrocarbons, a mixture of oxygen and C.sub.4 -hydrocarbons is separated out of the C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture in a distillation zone upstream of the extractive distillation, and the bottom product is fed to the extractive distillation.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen and oxygen or oxides wherein electrolysis of n aqueous system is carried out using, in the cathode compartment of the electrolysis cell, a hydride-forming liquid metal, the resulting hydride being thermally decomposed to produce the hydrogen.

Abstract: This application relates to a method and apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen gas from water with solar energy. A solar reflector concentrates solar energy into a water-containing reaction chamber to raise the temperature to the dissociation temperature of water. Both the thermal and photolytic effects of the sun's rays are employed to dissociate water. The hydrogen and oxygen formed upon dissociation are drawn off and separated.

Abstract: A thermochemical cyclic process for producing hydrogen employs the reaction between ceric oxide and titanium dioxide to form cerium titanate and oxygen. The titanate is treated with an alkali metal hydroxide to give hydrogen, ceric oxide, an alkali metal titanate and water. Alkali metal titanate and water are boiled to give titanium dioxide which, along with ceric oxide, is recycled.

Abstract: Substantially pure O.sub.2 is recovered from a gaseous mixture containing O.sub.2 and another gas, such as SO.sub.2 or NH.sub.3. An O.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 mixture is injected into a substantially vertical reaction zone to which I.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are continuously supplied at an upper location. By injecting the gas mixture at a lower location and at a preselected rate, substantially all of the SO.sub.2 in the mixture either reacts chemically or is dissolved in the H.sub.2 O. I.sub.2 may be supplied in particulate form and in substantial excess with respect to water so that the intermediate zone resembles a packed bed of wet iodine, in which case the gaseous mixture flows in the interstices of the packed bed. Electrolysis or an other chemical reaction wherein O.sub.2 does not take part can also be used.

Abstract: A closed system for obtaining hydrogen from water is provided by combining a first step of obtaining hydrogen by reacting water and ferrous halide, a second step of converting triiron tetraoxide produced as a by-product in the first step to ferrous sulfate, a third step of obtaining oxygen and by-products by thermally decomposing said ferrous sulfate, and a fourth step of returning said by-products by thermally decomposing said ferrous sulfate, and a fourth step of returning said by-products obtained in the third step to any of the previous steps.

Abstract: A material and method for the decomposition/dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen is disclosed. The material comprises an amalgam of an alkali metal, mercury, and aluminum combined with a catalytically effective amount of an alloy comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of germanium, antimony, gallium, thallium, indium, cadmium, bismuth, lead, zinc and tin.

Abstract: A thermochemical process for producing hydrogen comprises the step of reacting CoO with BaO or Ba(OH).sub.2 in the presence of steam to produce H.sub.2 and novel double oxides of Ba and Co having the empirical formulas BaCoO.sub.2.33 and Ba.sub.2 CoO.sub.3.33. The double oxide can be reacted with H.sub.2 O to form Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 and Ba(OH).sub.2 which can be recycled to the original reaction. The Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 is converted to CoO by either of two procedures. In one embodiment Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 is heated, preferably in steam, to form CoO. In another embodiment Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 is reacted with aqueous HCl solution to produce CoCl.sub.2 and Cl.sub.2. The CoCl.sub.2 is reacted with H.sub.2 O to form CoO and HCl and the CoO is recycled to the initial reaction step. The Cl.sub.2 can be reacted with H.sub.2 O to produce HCl. HCl can be recycled for reaction with Co.sub.3 O.sub.4.

Abstract: A gas generator which separates a gas such as oxygen from a gas mixture such as air using a sorbent process. A sorbent contained in a fixed cooled bed absorbs the gas from the mixture; simultaneously a second bed of sorbent which previously absorbed the gas is heated and the gas is thereby desorbed from the sorbent. After a given time, the functions of the beds are exchanged. Heating and cooling of the two sorbent beds is accomplished by means of coolant which passes through each bed. Immediately after the functions of the beds are switched, the cool coolant first flows through and cools the absorbing bed, then is valved to a pump and to the heater for heating and then is valved to heat the second sorbent bed before being valved to a cooler for cooling.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrogen and oxygen from water. Water and sulfur dide are supplied to, and hydrogen and sulfuric acid are removed from, a galvanic or electrolytic cell. Hydrogen ions are electrochemically liberated by anodic oxidation of the supplied sulfur dioxide accompanied by decomposition of the water and formation of sulfuric acid in the anolyte, and hydrogen gas is electrolytically generated at the cathode from the hydrogen ions. To evaporate water, electrolytic solution is removed from the anode chamber of the galvanic cell. The anode chamber is separated from the cathode chamber by means of a membrane. After the ensuing evaporation, the thus formed anhydride of the sulfuric acid is decomposed by being heated, and is accompanied by the formation of oxygen and sulfur dioxide gas. The sulfur dioxide is oxidized at a carbon and/or graphite anode in the presence of very small quantities, e.g. a minimum of 0.005% by weight, of hydriodic acid in the anolyte.

Abstract: Water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen in a series of steps. In the first step hydrogen sulfide is reacted with cuprous sulfide to produce the hydrogen and cuprous sulfide. The cupric sulfide is then decomposed to produce sulfur and to regenerate the cupric sulfide. The sulfur is reacted with water to produce the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. The sulfur dioxide is reacted with water to produce sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid is decomposed to produce the sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and water.The decomposition of the sulfuric acid can be performed in four steps. In the first step the sulfuric acid is reacted with a metallic oxide to produce a solution of a metallic sulfate. The hydrate of the metallic sulfate is crystallized from the solution and is decomposed into the metallic sulfate and water. The metallic sulfate is decomposed into the metallic oxide, oxygen, and the sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are formed of coal and water. The water is converted or dissociated separately into hydrogen and oxygen in a first chemical reactor by thermochemical and/or electrolytic processing. The resulting hydrogen is then reacted with the coal in a second reactor to produce the hydrocarbons. Residual carbon from the second reactor is reacted in a third reactor with oxygen derived from the first reactor to produce carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is reacted with residual hydrogen from the second reactor or hydrogen from the first reactor to produce additional hydrocarbons. The energy for the endothermic and/or electrolytic processing in the reactors and for auxiliary equipment of the apparatus is supplied by a very high-temperature, gas-cooled, nuclear reactor by heat interchange with the cooling gas, helium. The cooling gas operates through heat-exchange means which isolates the cooling gas from the processing apparatus.

Abstract: A mixed-conducting (electronic-ionic) membrane exhibiting substantially no mechanical porosity, is employed as a solid state filter in combination with a gas sensor to protect the gas sensor from deterioration and contamination by particulate and certain gaseous matter present in the gas environment being monitored.

Abstract: A multi-phase thermochemical circulating process for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water is described, using the system of iron and chlorine compounds. Hydrogen is released by the reaction of iron(II)-oxide with water vapor and the oxygen by the reaction of chlorine with water vapor, iron(II)-oxide or iron (II, III)-oxide. Intermediately-formed iron (II)-chloride is hydrolyzed with water vapor to iron(II)-oxide in a multi-stage reaction at a gradually raised temperature, whereby in the hydrolysis the formation of metallic iron or of iron(II, III)-oxide is avoided.

Abstract: Oxygen is separated from air by a regenerative chemical process. Air is contacted with an oxygen acceptor comprised of a molten solution of alkali nitrite and nitrate salts at elevated temperature and pressure, causing the oxygen to react with the nitrite, and thereby increasing the proportion of nitrate in the salt solution. The oxidized oxygen acceptor is separated from the oxygen depleted air, and then its pressure is reduced while supplying heat, thereby causing the release of relatively pure oxygen, which is collected. The oxygen acceptor, restored to its approximate original composition, is recycled to the oxidation step. Since the oxygen acceptor remains in the liquid state throughout the cycle, both salt to salt heat exchange and salt circulation are facilitated, making possible a continuous process of high efficiency.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced from water by first reacting I.sub.2, SO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O to make hydrogen iodide and sulfuric acid. A substantial molar excess of SO.sub.2 and I.sub.2 in the reaction zone creates a lighter sulfuric acid-bearing phase and a heavier polyiodic-acid-bearing phase. The heavier phase is separated, degassed and then contacted with phosphoric acid to permit distillation of HI of low water content and recovery of I.sub.2 as a separate fraction. Hydrogen is recovered from HI vapor, as by thermal decomposition.

Abstract: The invention comprises a recirculatory process for producing hydrocarbons and oxygen in which sulphur dioxide is reacted with iodine and water to form a hydrogen polyiode or a hydrate thereof and sulphuric acid, the sulphuric acid is separated and thermally decomposed to form water sulphur dioxide and oxygen, the polyiodide or its hydrate is decomposed to form iodine and gaseous hydrogen iodide which is concurrently or separately reacted with a carbon oxide or mixture of carbon oxides to form hydrocarbons especially methane and water, the hydrocarbons and water being removed from the system and the remaining reaction products recirculated.

Abstract: A method and generator are provided for producing singlet molecular oxygen, O.sub.2 (.sup.1 .DELTA..sub.g). A hypohalite selected from the group consisting of BrSO.sub.3 F, BrNO.sub.3, BrOCF.sub.3, ClSO.sub.3 F, ClNO.sub.3, Cl0CF.sub.3, FSO.sub.3 F, FOCF.sub.3, and ISO.sub.3 F, is reacted with hydrogen peroxide to produce singlet molecular oxygen. A preferred embodiment of the reaction is illustrated by the following example:ClSO.sub.3 F + H.sub.2 O.sub.2 .fwdarw. O.sub.2 (.sup.1 .DELTA..sub.g) + HSO.sub.3 F + HCl.The generator for producing the singlet molecular oxygen is a reactor vessel having nozzles for introducing the chlorine fluorosulfate and hydrogen peroxide into the vessel. An outlet is provided for withdrawing the products, and the singlet molecular oxygen is separated by condensing out the other products in a condensor.

Abstract: A gas generator is capable of being stored in a stable form for long periods of time without deteriorating in quality. The gas generator provides a substantial amount of gases, and particularly oxygen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide without producing any harmful or hazardous chemicals. The gas generator includes in some embodiments a minimum of fuel so that a maximum amount of oxygen in the generator is capable of being liberated. The oxygen is liberated by the combustion of a fuel at localized positions in a refractory binder, which has the property of preventing the salt residue from becoming molten and the oxidizer from flowing and thereby preventing the combustion from becoming extinguished.The gas generator includes a suitable clay as a binder, coke as the fuel and a chlorate such as sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate as the oxidizer.

Abstract: A method for efficient production of hydrogen by thermochemical decomposition of water by use of tri-iron tetraoxide and hydrogen bromide as main cyclic reaction media.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering oxygen from air and particularly providing a product stream comprising a mixture of oxygen and steam useful, for example, in coal gasification processes. The instant process involves contacting a suspension of manganese dioxide in an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide with air in a low pressure absorbing zone. The resulting liquid oxygen enriched stream is then pumped into a relatively high pressure generating zone where it is contacted with steam to release oxygen absorbed in the absorbing zone and thereby provide the above mentioned product.

Abstract: Hydrogen is thermochemically produced from water in a cycle wherein a first reaction produces hydrogen iodide and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 by the reaction of iodine, sulfur dioxide and water under conditions which cause two distinct aqueous phases to be formed, i.e., a lighter sulfuric acid-bearing phase and a heavier hydrogen iodide-bearing phase. After separation of the two phases, the heavier phase containing most of the hydrogen iodide is treated, e.g., at a high temperature, to decompose the hydrogen iodide and recover hydrogen and iodine. The H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 is pyrolyzed to recover sulfur dioxide and produce oxygen.

Abstract: The invention comprises a recirculatory process for producing methane and oxygen in which iodine and an oxide in a lower valency stage are reacted with methanol, dimethylether or a mixture thereof at an elevated temperature to form the corresponding oxide having a higher valency stage and methyl iodide, the methyl iodide is reacted with water to form hydrogen iodide and reform the methanol and/or dimethylether, the hydrogen iodide is reacted with carbon dioxide to form methane and water and the oxide in the higher valency state is decomposed to release oxygen and reform the oxide having a lower valency stage, the methane and released oxygen are removed and the remaining components are recirculated.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water in a cyclical process wherein aqueous sulfuric acid, containing hydrogen bromide, is electrolyzed to form hydrogen and bromine. Bromine is reacted with sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid and hydrogen bromide. The hydrogen bromide is separated from the sulfuric acid and recycled into the electrolysis. The sulfuric acid is thermally cracked to form sulfur dioxide, water and oxygen. Sulfur dioxide is recycled and combined with bromine for completion of the reaction cycle.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, thermally reducing the ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride, reducing the ferrous chloride to metallic iron, then oxidizing the metallic iron with water so as to produce hydrogen. The metallic iron may be formed by reducing the ferrous compound with hydrogen. Two specific reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Hypochlorite ions in aqueous solution are catalytically decomposed by the action of a single-metal spinel of Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, preferably coated on an inert, stable support. The Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 catalyst may contain dispersed therein, optionally, other "modifier" metal oxides which do not affect the single-metal spinel structure of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, but which contribute better adherence of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 to the substrate and improve the toughness of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 coating.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating hydrogen and oxygen from water molecules. A solar reflecting means reflects solar energy onto a water containing tank to boil water contained therein and form steam. The steam is transferred either to a turbine-generator assembly for producing power, or to a dissociating means for producing hydrogen and oxygen. The steam in the dissociating means is forced to traverse a spiral path wherein it undergoes a circular motion to subject it to centrifugal force while contacting a heat transfer surface. Solar energy is concentrated on the heat transfer surface and heat in amounts sufficient to raise the temperature of the steam to the dissociation temperature thereof is transferred thereto. Hydrogen and oxygen are separated from each other by the centrifugal forces, and are withdrawn from the dissociating means. An electric starter and means for moving solar reflecting means are also disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by the thermal decomposition of water at temperatures of 1000.degree. C or below by making use of iron salts and carbon dioxide, which are circulated in closed circuits in the reaction system. The only raw material to be supplied from an external source is water; all intermediates are circulated in the reaction system. A nuclear reactor may be used as a heat source for the reaction.

Abstract: In a thermochemical circulation process, hydrogen and oxygen are obtained from water wherein sulfuric acid and the paraffin hydrocarbon corresponding to the olefin used are formed from water, sulfur dioxide and a low-molecular weight olefin, particularly ethylene; the sulfuric acid is decomposed into water, sulfur dioxide and oxygen; the paraffin hydrocarbon is decomposed into the corresponding olefin and hydrogen; and after the removal of the hydrogen and oxygen, the remaining separation products are recycled into the first reaction.

Abstract: A system for producing and separating hydrogen and oxygen from water in which water is pumped through a preferentially permeable walled vessel heated to a high temperature by a solar energy concentrator. The water dissociates at high temperatures. Lower molecular weight components, especially hydrogen, diffuse preferentially through the vessel walls and are drawn off and separated. Oxygen may be separated from the products which do not diffuse through the walls by conventional separation techniques. A system is provided for making use of solar energy to produce storable fuels for use during periods of no sunshine.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced from water by the addition of heat to a series of chemical reactions which comprise the reaction of cadmium with water, and the subsequent recovery of the cadmium for re-use. The equipment used to produce the hydrogen requires only the input of water and heat to produce an output of hydrogen and oxygen gas.

Abstract: A closed-cycle multi-step thermochemical process is described for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water. The disclosed process utilizes auxiliary compounds of the system iron-chlorine. By using the following two basic process steps:A. reacting an iron oxide with hydrogen chloride or a mixture of hydrogen chloride and chlorine to form iron (II) chloride or iron (III) chloride andB. reacting iron or iron (II) oxide with water to form iron (II) oxide or iron (II) (III) oxideIt is possible to employ a variety of additional steps so that the sum total of the reaction steps consume water, produce hydrogen and oxygen and regenerate the desired starting materials within the closed system.

Abstract: A novel compound is described which is useful as a reversible oxygen carrier. This chelate compound is bis(3,5-difluorosalicylaldehyde)ethylenediimine-Co.sup.+.sup.2.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating hydrogen and oxygen from water molecules. A solar reflecting means reflects solar energy onto a water containing tank to boil water contained therein and form steam. The steam is transferred either to a turbine-generator assembly for producing power, or to a dissociating means for producing hydrogen and oxygen. The steam in the dissociating means is forced to traverse a spiral path wherein it undergoes a circular motion to subject it to centrifugal force while contacting a heat transfer surface. Solar energy is concentrated on the heat transfer surface and heat in amounts sufficient to raise the temperature of the steam to the dissociation temperature thereof is transferred thereto. Hydrogen and oxygen are separated from each other by the centrifugal forces, and are withdrawn from the dissociating means. An electric starter and means for moving solar reflecting means are also disclosed.

Abstract: A closed cycle process produces hydrogen and oxygen from water by use of manganese chloride and carbon dioxide. The four reactions of the cycle are:1. MnCl.sub.2 + CO.sub.2 .fwdarw. MnO + CO + Cl.sub.22. CO + H.sub.2 O .fwdarw. CO.sub.2 + H.sub.23. mnO + 2 HCl .fwdarw. MnCl.sub.2 + H.sub.2 O4. cl.sub.2 + H.sub.2 O .fwdarw. 2HCl + 1/2 O.sub.2.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which produces hydrogen and oxygen from water by means of a multi-step, closed, thermochemical cycle. Hydrogen and oxygen are produced at separate stations. Hydrogen and a halogen are produced by a sub-cycle involving transition metal or lanthanide compounds (depending on the halogen) and a hydrogen halide. Oxygen and the hydrogen halide are produced in a sub-cycle involving magnesium or transition metal compounds (depending on the halogen), the halogen and water. When the halogen is chlorine the transition metals in the oxygen producing sub-cycle can be nickel, cobalt, or yttrium and the lanthanide metals in the hydrogen producing sub-cycle can be samarium, europium, or ytterbium. When the halogen is bromine, the metals in the oxygen producing sub-cycle can be manganese or cobalt and the metals in the hydrogen producing sub-cycle can be vanadium or chromium.

Abstract: Decomposition of water to hydrogen and oxygen with the aid of a thermochemical cyclic process based upon the iron/chlorine system by reduction of FeCl.sub.2 in the presence of H.sub.2 to Fe, oxidation of the Fe with steam to Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, treatment of the hot Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 with steam and chlorine to obtain oxygen, conversion of themixture of iron oxides so obtained with hydrogen chloride to FeCl.sub.2 and recycling of the FeCl.sub.2 to the reduction stage, wherein a part of the heat required for the process is supplied by heating the hydrogen and steam in indirect heat exchange with a hot coolant from a high temperature nuclear reactor. The conversion of the iron oxides to FeCl.sub.2 is carried out via the intermediate stage of dimeric FeCl.sub.3 and it is thus possible to convey the solid reaction products by free fall through the reaction zones.

Abstract: Hydrogen and oxygen are obtained from water using a multi-step circulatory process using iron compounds and chlorine as adjuvants. Using three beds, respectively containing magnesium chloride, iron oxide and cuprous chloride, and by a four-step process involving passing steam through the magnesium bed, carbon monoxide through the iron bed, carbon dioxide through the copper bed, and steam through the iron bed one obtains hydrogen and oxygen as end products and is left with the starting materials in the respective beds. An efficiency of about 60% can be achieved by the process.

Abstract: A process for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen in a multi-stage closed cycle process using a system involving at least one metallic element having multiple valency and at least one halogen, characterized in that a halide of the multiple valency metallic element is subjected to a mixture of steam and hydrogen converting the halide to a mixture of the metallic element and at least one oxide thereof, said latter mixture is subjected to steam to produce a mixed valency oxide of the metallic element accompanied by the liberation of hydrogen, and said mixed valency oxide is then subjected to a hydrogen halide to convert it back to the said metallic halide with the liberation of oxygen.

Abstract: In the generation of oxygen using bis(3-fluorosalicylal)ethylenediimine cobalt (II) as the oxygen absorbent, the absorbent is heated to 340.degree. to 390.degree. F for 15 to 30 minutes while purging with air. This treatment before and after cyclic use removes volatilizable inert materials, i.e., those that do not absorb oxygen, and thus makes oxygen sites available to oxygen.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced from water by the addition of heat to a series of chemical reactions which comprise the reaction of cadmium with water, and the subsequent recovery of the cadmium for re-use. The equipment used to produce the hydrogen requires only the input of water and heat to produce an output of hydrogen and oxygen gas.