Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by a closed cyclic process involving the reduction and oxidation of chromium compounds by barium hydroxide and the hydrolytic disproportionation of Ba.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 and Ba.sub.3 (CrO.sub.4).sub.2.

Abstract: Water is thermochemically decomposed to produce hydrogen by the following sequence of reactions: KI, NH.sub.3, CO.sub. 2 and water in an organic solvent such as ethyl or propyl alcohol are reacted to produce KHCO 3 and NH.sub.4 I. The KHCO.sub.3 is thermally decomposed to K.sub.2 CO.sub.3, H.sub.2 O and CO.sub.2, while the NH.sub.4 I is reacted with Hg to produce HgI.sub.2, NH.sub.3 and H.sub.2. The K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 obtained by calcining KHCO.sub.3 is then reacted with HgI.sub.2 to produce Hg, KI, CO and O.sub.2. All products of the reaction are recycled except hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermally recombining gases comprising a first (heating) chamber in which the gases to be combined are initially heated to a temperature above the threshold for thermal combination or recombination, a second (reaction) chamber is formed to provide for mixing of previously reacted gases with the gases delivered from the first chamber, and a temperature control means responsive to the temperature in the second chamber for controlling the temperature to which the gases are initially heated in the first chamber.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, reducing the ferric chloride produced with a reducing agent to produce ferrous chloride, thermally reducing the ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride, then oxidizing either the ferrous compound or metallic iron with water so as to produce hydrogen. The metallic iron may be formed by reducing the ferrous compound with hydrogen. Four specific reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen with high energy efficiencies.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by the reaction of water with chromium sesquioxide and strontium oxide. The hydrogen producing reaction is combined with other reactions to produce a closed chemical cycle for the thermal decomposition of water.

Abstract: A method for the thermochemical production of hydrogen from water is disclosed in which barium iodide, carbon dioxide, ammonia and water are allowed to react with one another and give rise to barium carbonate and ammonium iodide, the ammonium iodide thus produced is thermally decomposed to produce hydrogen, iodine and ammonia, and the hydrogen thus produced is recovered as the product. The by-produced barium carbonate is allowed to react with the iodine remaining after the separation of hydrogen thereby to produce barium iodide, carbon dioxide and oxygen, and the barium iodide and carbon dioxide are recycled to the reaction system. The ammonia which remains after the separation of hydrogen is also recycled to the reaction system. By causing the by-products occurring in the various reactions to be recycled to the relevant reaction systems, hydrogen is efficiently produced from water at a reaction temperature of not more than 800.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen by the cleaving of water which involves the steps of (a) reacting water vapor and iodine vapor in the presence of cuprous iodide at a temperature of 125.degree. to 450.degree. C. to form hydrogen iodide and a solid oxygen-iodine intermediate; (b) recovering the hydrogen iodide formed in step (a); and (c) thermally or photolytically decomposing the recovered hydrogen iodide into hydrogen and iodine, continuously collecting and removing the hydrogen so formed.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen and oxygen by splitting water in a thermocical cycle, according to which in a first method stage a gas mixture of from 1 to 50 parts by volume of steam and 2 parts by volume of sulfur dioxide is reacted at a temperature within the temperature range of from 200.degree. to 400.degree. C with an oxide of one of the metals manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc or cadmium for forming a metal sulfate and for freeing hydrogen gas. Thereupon the hydrogen gas is in a manner known per se separated from the residual gas mixture and in a second method stage after conversion of the metal oxide to a metal sulfate, the metal sulfate for purposes of decomposition or disintegration and for forming a metal oxide, sulfur dioxide gas and oxygen gas, is heated to a temperature within the temperature range of from 700.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Thereupon the oxygen gas is separated from the sulfur dioxide gas in a manner known per se.

Abstract: A thermochemical reaction cycle for the generation of hydrogen from water comprising the following sequence of reactions wherein M represents a metal:CH.sub.4 + H.sub.2 O .fwdarw. CO + 3H.sub.2 (1)co + 2h.sub.2 .fwdarw. ch.sub.3 oh (2)ch.sub.3 oh + so.sub.2 + mo .fwdarw. mso.sub.4 + ch.sub.4 (3)mso.sub.4 .fwdarw. mo + so.sub.2 + 1/2o.sub.2 (4)the net reaction is the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Singlet oxygen is produced by contacting a calcined mixture comprising phosphorus, tin, lithium and oxygen with oxygen.

Abstract: Oxide solid solutions of praseodymium and cerium are useful as the oxygen carrier in a reversible cyclic oxidation-reduction process for separating oxygen from air. The adverse affects on redox rates of contaminants in the air, such as CO.sub.2 and/or H.sub.2 O are substantially eliminated by incorporating a surface dopant such as silver into the praseodymium-cerium oxide.

Abstract: Calcium hydroxide and iodine are reacted with each other in the presence of water to produce calcium iodate and calcium iodide, the former of which precipitates from the reaction solution and is obtained by filtration and the latter of which is thereafter separated from the filtrate by evaporation separation. The calcium iodate is heated until it is converted into calcium oxide, whereafter there ensues generation of a mixed gas of iodine and oxygen. The mixed gas is cooled causing the iodine component thereof to solidify and pure oxygen gas is consequently liberated to be obtained as one product. The calcium iodide is solidified and subsequently heated under a current of steam to cause it to undergo conversion into calcium oxide with liberation of hydrogen iodide gas. The hydrogen iodide gas thus liberated is then separated by a known method into iodine and hydrogen which is obtained as another product.

Abstract: Dehydration of hydrated crystalline zeolites containing trivalent metal cations results in the concurrent reduction of the trivalent cation to the bivalent state and the evolution of oxygen. Rehydration of the zeolite produces free hydrogen and oxidizes the bivalent metal cations to their initial trivalent state. A cyclic operation of the two procedures is advantageously employed.

Abstract: Porous coke is impregnated with an organic compound which remains in the pores thereby causing a reduction in the effective size of the same. This results in molecular sieve coke capable of separating different gases, particularly oxygen and nitrogen, and capable of adsorbing smaller gas molecules more rapidly than larger gas molecules. The organic compound has a boiling point of at least 200.degree.C as measured at atmospheric pressure and of no more than 450.degree.C as measured in vacuum.

Abstract: Process for preparing carbon-containing molecular sieves adapted for separating small molecular gases, in particular oxygen, from nitrogen, which comprises treating coke having a content of volatile components of up to 5% at 600.degree. - 900.degree.C with a hydrocabon which splits off carbon whereby the split-off carbon is deposited in the carbon framework of the coke thereby narrowing the existing pores.

Abstract: 1. The process for making oxygen difluoride which comprises subjecting alkali metal dioxide in a reaction zone, at temperature substantially in the range of 20.degree.-150.degree. C., to the action of elemental fluorine to effect reaction of fluorine with the alkali metal dioxide to form oxygen difluoride, and recovering oxygen difluoride.

Abstract: The pollutants are oxidized with oxygen atoms obtained from catalytic decomposition of hypochlorite ions and are filtered out and entrapped on the catalytic material of the filter bed as the waste water flows through the bed. The catalytic material catalyzes the incineration of the trapped pollutants by an oxidizing gas which flows through the bed of the catalyst and which regenerates the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, reducing the ferric chloride produced with a reducing agent to produce ferrous chloride, and then oxidizing the ferrous compound with water so as to produce hydrogen. Suitable reducing agents include cuprous chloride, chromous chloride and platinum. Several reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen with high energy efficiences.

Abstract: A dry alkaline earth metal silicate or an alkali metal silicate is reacted with a concentrated mineral acid to form silico-formic acid and hydrogen salt. The acid and hydrogen salt is reacted with a dry alkali metal carbonate or hydroxide to produce monosilanal. Monosilanol is reacted with water to produce monosilandiol.

Abstract: A method of obtaining hydrogen from water in a multi-stage circulatory process avoids the need to use solid inorganic salts as auxiliary products by using only gases and liquids in the reaction stages. Carbon monoxide is reacted catalytically with steam producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen; the carbon dioxide is reacted with steam and sulphur dioxide to give sulphuric acid and carbon monoxide; the sulphuric acid is split into sulphur trioxide and steam; the sulphur trioxide is dissociated into oxygen and sulphur dixoide. The CO and SO.sub.2 are fed back into the process, and hydrogen and oxygen obtained as end products.