Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery having an improved lifetime. The lithium secondary battery may include: a cathode including a cathode active material; an anode including an anode active material; a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; and an electrolyte including bis(trimethylsilyl) 2,2-thiodiacetate.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material contains a lithium composite oxide and a covering material. The lithium composite oxide has a crystal structure that belongs to space group Fd-3m. The ration I(111)/I(400) of a first integrated intensity I(111) of a first peak corresponding to a (111) plane to a second integrated intensity I(400) of a second peak corresponding to a (400) plane in an XRD pattern of the lithium composite oxide satisfies 0.05?I(111)/I(400)?0.90. The covering material has an electron conductivity of 106 S/m or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides electrolytes for an electrochemical device. In some embodiments, these electrolytes are Mg salts comprising 10-vertex or 12-vertex carborane anions. The present disclosure also provides processes for preparing electrolytes for an electrochemical device. In some embodiments, the process comprises reduction of a reactive cation complexed with a 10-vertex or 12-vertex carborane or 12-vertex borate anion to form metal carborane or borate electrolytes. In some embodiments, the process comprises comproportionating a Mg+2 10-vertex or 12-vertex carborane salt to form a Mg+1 electrolyte comprising a 10-vertex or 12-vertex carborane. The present disclosure further provides electrochemical devices comprising the electrolytes disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the electrochemical device comprises an electrolyte that is stable at an electrical potential greater than 4 V vs Mg0/+2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode plate, an electrochemical device and a safety coating. The electrode plate comprises a current collector, an electrode active material layer and a safety coating disposed between the current collector and the electrode active material layer, the safety coating layer comprising a fluorinated polyolefin and/or chlorinated polyolefin polymer matrix, a conductive material and an inorganic filler. The electrode plate can quickly open the circuit when the electrochemical device (for example, a capacitor, a primary battery, or a secondary battery) is in a high temperature condition or an internal short circuit occurs, and thus it may improve the high temperature safety performance of the electrochemical device.

Abstract: A preparation method of a lithium-ion battery electrode sheet includes: adding a powdered thermal decomposition additive, an active material, a binder, and a conductive agent into a solvent according to a predetermined ratio and a specific order, performing continuous stirring until the solvent is uniformly mixed, obtaining an electrode slurry, coating the prepared and obtained electrode slurry onto a current collector to obtain a lithium-ion battery wet electrode sheet, and heating and drying the lithium-ion battery wet electrode sheet. The lithium-ion battery electrode sheet with the vertical vent structures is accordingly prepared and obtained. The product includes a current collector, an electrode coating layer, and a plurality of vertical vent structures which are uniformly distributed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a negative electrode plate and a battery, the negative electrode plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative film, the negative film is provided on at least one surface of the negative current collector and comprises a negative active material. The negative active material comprises graphite, and an OI value of the negative film represented by VOI and a pressing density of the negative film represented by PD satisfy a relationship: 0.7?(80/VOI+43/PD)×PD/VOI?21.5, where a unit of the pressing density of the negative film represented by PD is g/cm3. The battery of the present disclosure can have the characteristics of fast charging speed, high energy density, good safety performance and long cycle life at the same time.

Abstract: The present application relates to a cathode, an electrochemical device and an electronic device comprising the same. The cathode comprises: a cathode current collector; a first cathode active material layer, comprising a first cathode active material; and a second cathode active material layer, comprising a second cathode active material, wherein the first cathode active material layer is disposed between the cathode current collector and the second cathode active material layer, and the first cathode active material layer is formed on at least one surface of the cathode current collector; and wherein the second cathode active material is embedded in the first cathode active material layer and forms a continuous transition layer with the first cathode active material at an interface between the first cathode active material layer and the second cathode active material layer.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes a lithium composite oxide containing: at least one element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, bromine, and iodine; and a covering material that covers a surface of the lithium composite oxide. The lithium composite oxide has a crystal structure that belongs to a space group R-3 m. The ratio I(003)/I(104) of a first integrated intensity I(003) of a first peak corresponding to a (003) plane to a second integrated intensity I(104) of a second peak corresponding to a (104) plane in an XRD pattern of the lithium composite oxide satisfies 0.62?I(003)/I(104) ?0.90. The covering material has an electron conductivity of 106S/m or less.

Abstract: Provided are electrochemical secondary cells that exhibit excellent abuse tolerance, deep discharge and overcharge conditions including at extreme temperatures and remain robust and possess excellent performance. Cells as provided herein include: a cathode a polycrystalline cathode electrochemically active material including the formula Li1+xMO2+y, wherein ?0.9?x?0.3, ?0.3?y?0.3, and wherein M includes Ni at 80 atomic percent or higher relative to total M, an anode including an anode electrochemically active material defined by an electrochemical redox potential of 400 mV or greater vs Li/Li+.

Abstract: A battery comprising: an anode comprising a first electrochemically active material: a cathode comprising both a second electrochemically active material and a first electrolyte; and a second electrolyte interposed between the anode and the cathode; wherein at least one of the first electrolyte and second electrolyte comprises a solid polymer electrolyte; wherein the solid polymer electrolyte has a glassy state, and comprises both at least one cationic diffusing ion and at least one anionic diffusing ion; wherein at least one of the at least one cationic diffusing ions comprises lithium; wherein at least one of the at least cationic diffusing ion and the at least one of the anionic diffusing ion is mobile in the glassy state; and wherein the first electrochemically active material comprises a lithium metal.

Abstract: Additives to electrolytes that enable the formation of comparatively more robust SEI films on silicon anodes. The SEI films in these embodiments are seen to be more robust in part because the batteries containing these materials have higher coulombic efficiency and longer cycle life than comparable batteries without such additives.

Abstract: A non-aqueous solvent composition for a lithium battery comprises a fluorinated solvent mixture that consists essentially of a 1,2-difluoroethylene carbonate and a fluoro-substituted dialkyl carbonate in a respective weight ratio of about 1:3 to about 1:1, and optionally up to about 30 wt % of an additional organic solvent. An electrolyte for a lithium ion battery comprises a lithium salt dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent composition comprising the fluorinated solvent mixture.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising (A) an anode comprising at least one anode active material, (B) a cathode comprising at least one cathode active material selected from mixed lithium transition metal oxides containing Mn and at least one second transition metal; lithium intercalating mixed oxides containing Ni, Al and at least one second transition metal; LiNiPO4; LiMnPO4; and LiCoPO4; (C) an electrolyte composition containing (i) at least one aprotic organic solvent; (ii) at least one lithium ion containing conducting salt; (iii) a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: A flow battery includes a first liquid containing a first electrode mediator, a first electrode, a first active material, and a first circulator that circulates the first liquid between the first electrode and the first active material. The first electrode mediator includes at least one benzene derivative that is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,4-di-tert-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene, 1,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene, 1,4-difluoro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene, and 1,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzene.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices comprising one or more cells, and methods for fabrication thereof. The devices may be electrochemical devices. The devices may include three-dimensional supercapacitors. The devices may be microdevices such as, for example, microsupercapacitors. In some embodiments, the devices are three-dimensional hybrid microsupercapacitors. The devices may be configured for high voltage applications. In some embodiments, the devices are high voltage microsupercapacitors. In certain embodiments, the devices are high voltage asymmetric microsupercapacitors. In some embodiments, the devices are integrated microsupercapacitors for high voltage applications.

Abstract: An enhanced solid state battery cell is disclosed. The battery cell can include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a solid state electrolyte layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The battery cell can further include a resistive layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The resistive layer can be electrically conductive in order to regulate an internal current flow within the battery cell. The internal current flow can result from an internal short circuit formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The internal short circuit can be formed from the solid state electrolyte layer being penetrated by metal dendrites formed at the first electrode and/or the second electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a lithium ion secondary battery is provided. The lithium ion secondary battery includes a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material-containing layer, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte containing Li ions and Na ions. The negative electrode active material-containing layer contains a Na-containing titanium composite oxide. A ratio (WE/WA) of an Na amount WE (g/g) in the electrolyte to an Na amount WA (g/g) in the negative electrode active material-containing layer satisfies Formula (1) below: 1×10?1?WE/WA?1×105??(1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material pre-dispersion composition which includes a lithium iron phosphate-based positive electrode active material, a dispersant, and a solvent, wherein the dispersant includes a hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode which is prepared by using the positive electrode active material pre-dispersion composition, a positive electrode for a secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including a pyridine-boron-based compound as an additive and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and particularly, to a non-aqueous electrolyte including at least two types of lithium salts and a pyridine-boron-based compound and a lithium secondary battery which has an enhanced effect of suppressing an increase in resistance and generation of gas after being stored at high temperature by including both the non-aqueous electrolyte and a negative electrode including lithium titanium oxide (LTO) as a negative electrode active material.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a secondary battery is provided. The secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an aqueous electrolyte containing alkali metal ions. The aqueous electrolyte contains an organic compound containing a carboxyl group or carboxylate group and a hydroxyl group. The pH of the aqueous electrolyte is 0 or less. The ratio of the weight of the organic compound to the weight of the aqueous electrolyte is within a range of 0.01% by weight to 6.5% by weight. The number of carbon atoms in the organic compound is 5 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte additive comprising a salt of an anion, derived from a nitrogen-atom-containing compound, with Cs+ or Rb+. Further, the present invention provides an electrolyte additive further comprising lithium difluoro bis(oxalato) phosphate. The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and the electrolyte additive, and may provide a lithium secondary battery comprising: a cathode employing a cathode active material; an anode employing an anode active material; a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode; and the non-aqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: The present application relates to an electrolyte, and an electrochemical device comprising the electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises a fluorinated cyclic carbonate and a multi-nitrilemulti-nitrile compound having an ether bond, wherein based on the total weight of the electrolyte, the weight percentage (Cf) of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate is greater than the weight percentage (Cn) of the multi-nitrilemulti-nitrile compound having an ether bond. The electrolyte of the present application can control the expansion of the electrochemical device, so that the electrochemical device has excellent cycle, storage and/or floating-charge performance.

Abstract: Systems and methods for batteries comprising a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, wherein functional aliphatic and/or aromatic amine compounds or derivatives are used as electrolyte additives to reduce gas generation in Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolytic solution and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery capable of showing high output characteristics at a low temperature even after the battery is used to some extent, and capable of showing good high-rate properties, and further capable of showing sufficient performance again at low temperature even after stored at a high temperature. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte dissolved in the nonaqueous solvent, (I) a difluoro ionic complex (1) represented by the general formula (1), and (II) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a difluorophosphate salt, a monofluorophosphate salt, a specific salt having an imide anion, and a specific silane compound, and 95 mol % or more of the difluoro ionic complex (1) is a difluoro ionic complex (1-Cis) in a cis configuration represented by the general formula (1-Cis).

Abstract: The positive electrode includes a positive electrode composite layer. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode composite material layer. A whole of the positive electrode composite layer and a portion of the negative electrode composite material layer face each other with the separator being interposed therebetween. The negative electrode composite material layer includes a first region and a second region. The first region is a region that does not face the positive electrode composite layer and that extends from a position facing one end portion of the positive electrode composite layer to a point separated from the position by more than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm. The second region is a region other than the first region. The first region includes silicon oxide doped with lithium. The second region includes silicon oxide.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode containing a spinel-type lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide as a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode containing, as a negative electrode active material, an active material in which introduction and release of lithium ions take place at a potential of 1.2 V or higher relative to a lithium potential; a separator inserted between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolytic solution, wherein a capacity ratio of a negative electrode capacity of the negative electrode to a positive electrode capacity of the positive electrode (negative electrode capacity/positive electrode capacity) is 1 or lower, and the electrolytic solution contains dimethyl carbonate as a non-aqueous solvent at a content ratio of higher than 70% by volume with respect to a total amount of the non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A magnesium-ion battery includes a solid, mechanically flexible polymer-based anode, a solid, mechanically flexible polymer-based cathode, and a polymer gel electrolyte in contact with the anode and the cathode. An electrode can include bismuth nanostructure powder and an electrolyte binder, or tungsten disulfide and an electrolyte binder.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrochemical devices, such as lithium battery electrodes, lithium ion conducting solid state electrolytes, and solid-state lithium metal batteries including these electrodes and solid state electrolytes. In one embodiment, a method for forming an electrochemical device is disclosed in which a precursor electrolyte is heated to remove at least a portion of a resistive surface region of the precursor electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention relates an electro-active polymeric ionic liquid including imidazolium-based molecules, said imidazolium-based molecule comprising each at least: —one imidazolium moiety associated with a negatively-charged counter-ion, and —one reducible group selected from: Formula (IV), —an anthraquinone derivative of formula (IV): with R1 representing a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6-alkyl group, —a viologen group, and —a metallocene reducible group such as a cobaltocene group.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrolyte and an electrochemical energy storage device, the electrolyte comprises an electrolyte salt and an additive. The additive comprises a sulfonic ester cyclic quaternary ammonium salt and a multinitrile compound. The sulfonic ester cyclic quaternary ammonium salt and the multinitrile compound can form a dense and uniform passive film with high ionic conductivity on a surface of each of the positive electrode film and the negative electrode film, so as to prevent continuous oxidation and reduction reaction from occurring between the electrolyte and the positive electrode film and the negative electrode film and make the electrochemical energy storage device has excellent high temperature cycle performance and high temperature storage performance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin, bendable, printed, layered primary battery structure without a battery separator. The battery includes a first layer including a printed positive electrode. A second layer includes a negative electrode material which may be a printed negative electrode or a metal foil negative electrode. An adhesive, UV-curable intermediate layer is adhered to the first layer on a first side of the intermediate layer and is adhered to the second layer on a second side of the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a water-soluble electroactive material and a water-soluble viscosity-regulating polymer in an amount sufficient to render the intermediate layer adhesive. The intermediate layer also includes a water-insoluble polymer matrix having sufficient rigidity to prevent contact of the first layer and the second layer. A flexible package encases the first, second, and intermediate layers.

Abstract: Magnesium salts suitable for use in an electrolyte for a magnesium ion electrochemical cell are described herein. The salts are magnesium tetra(perfluoroalkoxy)metalates, optionally solvated with up to seven ether molecules coordinated to the magnesium ion thereof. In one embodiment, the salt has the empirical formula: Mg(Z)n2+[M(OCR3)4?]2 (Formula (I)) wherein Z is an ether; n is 0 to about 7; M is Al or B; and each R independently is a perfluoroalkyl group (e.g., C1 to C10 perfluoroalkyl). The magnesium salts of Formula (I) are suitable for use as electrolyte salts for magnesium ion batteries (e.g., 5 V class magnesium batteries) and exhibit a wide redox window that is particularly compatible with magnesium anode. The salts are relatively cost effective to prepare by methods described herein, which are conveniently scalable to levels suitable for commercial production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, which includes a compound capable of suppressing an electrolyte solution side reaction in a high-temperature and high-voltage environment, and a lithium secondary battery in which cycle characteristics and stability are improved even during high-temperature and high-voltage charging by including the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a carbon black dispersion solution comprising carbon black, a dispersion medium, and partially hydrogenated nitrile rubber having a residual double bond (RDB) value of 0.5% by weight to 40% by weight calculated according to the following Mathematical Formula 1, wherein dispersed particle diameters of the carbon black have particle size distribution D50 of 0.1 ?m to 2 ?m, a method for preparing the same, and methods for preparing electrode slurry and an electrode using the same.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, which can lower the resistance of a lithium secondary battery and impart the lithium secondary battery with high cycle characteristics. The electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery disclosed here includes an electrolyte salt consisting essentially of a lithium imide salt, a solvent containing methyl difluoroacetate, and an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride compound represented by formula (1) below as an additive (in the formula, R1 and R2 each independently denote a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group that may be fluorine-substituted, or R1 and R2 bond to each other to form a ring structure).

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing a lithium ion secondary battery. A positive electrode mixture layer is formed on a positive electrode current collector using an aqueous positive electrode mixture paste that includes a positive electrode active material including a lithium manganese composite oxide, and aqueous solvent, and additionally includes Li5FeO4 as an additive.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a fluoride ion battery with high activity for fluoridating an active material. The present invention solves the problem by providing an electrolyte for a fluoride ion battery comprising a fluoride complex salt as at least one of LiPF6 and LiBF4, and an organic solvent; and B/A is 0.125 or more in the case where a substance amount of the organic solvent is regarded as A (mol) and a substance amount of the fluoride complex salt is regarded as B (mol).

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary cell, having a layered structure and comprising at least nickel, cobalt and manganese, the positive electrode active material satisfying requirements (1), (2) and (3) below: (1) a composition represented by a composition formula: Li[Lix(Ni?Co?Mn?M?)1-x]O2, wherein 0?x?0.10, 0.30<??0.34, 0.30<??0.34, 0.32??<0.40, 0???0.10, ?<?, ?+?+?+?=1, M represents at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, W, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga and V; (2) a secondary particle diameter of 2 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less; and (3) a maximum peak value in a pore diameter range of 90 nm to 150 nm in a pore diameter distribution determined by mercury porosimetry.

Abstract: An energy storage device in which a micro-short circuit at the time of heat generation is suppressed is provided. The energy storage device includes: a positive electrode; a negative electrode containing a negative composite layer; and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The separator contains a base material layer containing a thermoplastic resin and an inorganic layer formed on the base material layer, the inorganic layer opposes to the positive electrode, the base material layer opposes to the negative electrode, and a ratio of a mass of the base material layer per unit area to a spatial volume of the negative composite layer is 0.26 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonaqueous secondary battery having a nonaqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent, in which the positive electrode active material is preferably a manganese-containing, lithium transition metal oxide salt. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains at least one compound of general formula (1), preferably at least one compound of general formula (1?). The content of the compound of formula (1) or (1?) in the nonaqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.001 to 10 mass %. The symbols in formulae (1) and (1?) are as defined in the description.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, the nonaqueous electrolyte including a fluorine-containing lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an organosilicon compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, R1 to R3 are independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, and n is an integer selected from 1 to 10. Also a lithium secondary battery including the nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: A battery according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a first electrode layer, a first counter electrode layer being a counter electrode of the first electrode layer, a first solid electrolyte layer located between the first electrode layer and the first counter electrode layer, and a first heat-conducting layer including a first region containing a heat-conducting material. The first region is located between the first electrode layer and the first solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ?80° C.

Abstract: An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ?80° C.

Abstract: A power storage device has a secondary battery which has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte disposed between the positive and negative electrodes; in the secondary battery, metal ions are movable between the positive and negative electrodes through the nonaqueous electrolyte, and the positive and negative electrodes are charged/discharged when insertion/extraction reactions of the metal ions are carried out through the nonaqueous electrolyte; the positive and negative electrodes each contain an active-material layer with an average thickness of 0.3 mm or greater; the charging device is electrically connected to the secondary battery, and charges the secondary battery only at a constant current; and when the secondary battery is charged to its end-of-charge voltage by the charging device, its capacity is set to be 80% to 97% of the design capacity calculated from the inherent capacity per unit weight of the positive and negative electrodes.

Abstract: An all solid-state lithium-based thin-film battery is provided. The all solid-state lithium-based thin-film battery includes a battery material stack of, from bottom to top, an anode-side electrode, an anode region, an aluminum oxide interfacial layer, a solid-state electrolyte layer, a cathode layer, and a cathode-side electrode layer. The all solid-state lithium-based thin-film battery stack is formed by first forming the anode-side of the battery stack and thereafter forming the cathode-side. All solid-state lithium-based thin-film batteries including the aluminum oxide interfacial layer located between the anode region and the solid-state electrolyte layer have improved performance, high capacity, and high reliability.

Abstract: A fabric for a thermal protective application includes: 5-40 weight % PBI-p fiber and the balance being conventional fibers, where the fabric has equal or better flame-resistant and/or heat-resistant properties, and a fabric weight less than an equivalent fabric made with a like amount of PBI-s fiber in place of the PBI-p fibers. The fabric for a thermal protective application includes: 5-40 weight % of a blend of PBI-p fiber and PBI-s fiber, and the balance being conventional fibers, where the fabric has equal or better flame-resistant and/or heat-resistant properties and a fabric weight less than an equivalent fabric made with a like amount of PBI-s fiber in place of the PBI-p fibers.

Abstract: A nanographitic composite for use as an anode in a lithium ion battery is described, including: particles of an electroactive material; and a coating over the electroactive particles comprising a plurality of graphene nanoplatelets and an SEI modifier additive wherein the SEI modifier additive is a dry powder that is disposed over at least part of the surface of the electroactive material particles.

Abstract: A high voltage rechargeable magnesium cell includes an anode and cathode housing. A magnesium metal anode is positioned within the housing. A high voltage electrolyte is positioned proximate the anode. A metal oxide cathode is positioned proximate the high voltage electrolyte. The magnesium cell includes a multi-cycle charge voltage up to at least 3.0 volts and includes a reversible discharge capacity.

Abstract: A calcium-based secondary cell including, as a positive-electrode active material, a molybdenum oxide-based material containing molybdenum in an oxidation state of 4 or more and 6 or less.