Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a skeletal muscle cell from a pluripotent stem cell, which includes a step of expressing one or more exogenous factors selected from MyoD, Myf5 and nucleic acids encoding them on a pluripotent stem cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for identifying cognitive enhancers able to enhance CREB pathway function. Cognitive enhancers identified in accordance with the invention can be used in rehabilitating an animal with cognitive dysfunction and for enhancing memory or normal cognitive performance (ability or function) in the animal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a monoclonal antibody that recognizes human TSPAN8 in its native form. The invention is also directed to a hybridoma cell line that produces the monoclonal antibody, and exosome purification kits using the antibody.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for purifying high-quality recombinant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein at high yields.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel medical application for use in regenerative medicine that uses pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells). The present invention provides a cell preparation for treating myocardial infarction, and particularly serious massive myocardial infarction and heart failure associated therewith, that contains pluripotent stem cells positive for SSEA-3 isolated from biological mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal cells. The cell preparation of the present invention is based on a cardiac tissue regeneration mechanism by which Muse cells are made to selectively accumulate in damaged myocardial tissue and differentiate into cardiac muscle in that tissue as a result of intravenous administration of Muse cells to a subject presenting with the aforementioned disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides fluorogenic compounds for the detection of target metal ions wherein the compounds exhibit a Stokes shift greater than 50 nm and the detectable signal is modulated by photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The present compounds consist of three functional elements, the ion sensing moiety (chelating moiety), the reporter moiety (fluorophore or fluorescent protein) and spacer or linker between the sensing and reporter moieties of the present compound that allows for PET upon binding of a metal ion and excitation by an appropriate wavelength.

Abstract: An isolated polynucleotide encoding a modified luciferase polypeptide and substrates. The OgLuc variant polypeptide has at least 60% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to an amino acid in SEQ ID NO: 1. The OgLuc variant polypeptide has at least one of enhanced luminescence, enhanced signal stability, and enhanced protein stability relative to the corresponding polypeptide of the wild-type Oplophorus luciferase.

Abstract: A method of expanding and maintaining human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in an undifferentiated state by culturing the ESCs in a suspension culture under culturing conditions devoid of substrate adherence is provided. Also provided are a method of deriving ESC lines in the suspension culture and methods of generating lineage-specific cells from ESCs which were expanded in the suspension culture of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are primers, probes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) specific to a distinct subclones of the E. coli sequence type 131 (ST131). Also disclosed are methods and assay kits useful in detecting the presence of the distinct subtype of E. coli and methods of treating a subject suffering from an infection from a subclone of ST131.

Abstract: Pluripotent cells that are immunopositive for both the neural progenitor marker nestin and a pluripotent cell marker are provided. The cells exhibit rapid doubling times and can be maintained in vitro for extended periods. Also provided are cell cultures containing the pluripotent cells, a method of transplanting human pluripotent cells to a host, and a method of reducing seizure activity in a subject. These pluripotent cells, when transplanted into the ventricle of a host animal, migrate to the site of damage and adopt a suitably corrective phenotype, resulting in both structural and functional restoration.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds comprising oligonucleotides complementary to a fibronectin transcript. Certain such compounds are useful for hybridizing to a fibronectin transcript, including but not limited to a fibronectin transcript in a cell. In certain embodiments, such hybridization results in modulation of splicing of the fibronectin transcript. In certain embodiments, such compounds are used to treat one or more symptoms associated with fibrosis. In certain embodiments, such compounds are used to treat one or more symptoms associated with renal fibrosis.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to methods and systems for the treatment of pelvic tissues using a high pressure injection device to deliver a therapeutic composition that includes a large molecule therapeutic agent, such as a nucleic acid or a polypeptide, to a target tissue in the pelvic area. Methods of the invention can improve delivery of the therapeutic agent into the tissue, which can be beneficial for the treatment of a pelvic tissue disorder, such as bladder and prostate tumors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the development and manufacturing of viral vaccines. In particular, the invention relates to the field of industrial production of viral vectors and vaccines, more in particular to the use of avian embryonic stem cells, preferably the EBx® cell line derived from duck embryonic stem cells, for the production of viral vectors and viruses. The invention is particularly useful for the industrial production of viral vaccines to prevent viral infection of humans and animals.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention include the production and use of chemically modified RNAi agents (e.g., shRNAs) in gene silencing applications. The chemically modified RNAi agents disclosed herein have reduced immunostimulatory activity, increased serum stability, or both, as compared to a corresponding RNAi agent not having the chemical modification. Compositions containing chemically modified RNAi agents according to aspects of the present invention (including pharmaceutical compositions) and kits containing the same are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions that increase the mobilization, homing, expansion, and/or differentiation of stem cells and methods of using the same for the treatment of mammals.

Abstract: Various cells, stem cells, and stem cell components, including associated methods of generating and using such cells are provided. In one aspect, for example, an isolated cell that is capable of self-renewal and culture expansion and is obtained from a subepithelial layer of a mammalian umbilical cord tissue. Such an isolated cell expresses at least three cell markers selected from CD29, CD73, CD90, CD166, SSEA4, CD9, CD44, CD146, or CD105, and does not express at least three cell markers selected from CD45, CD34, CD14, CD79, CD106, CD86, CD80, CD19, CD117, Stro-1, or HLA-DR.

Abstract: A method of treating chronic active ulcerative colitis in a subject that is refractory or responds insufficiently or is intolerant to anti-inflammatory therapy, comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective exposure of an oligonucleotide comprising the sequence 5?-GGAACAGTTCGTCCATGGC-3? (SEQ ID NO.2), wherein at least one CG dinucleotide is unmethylated. The oligonucleotide is not administered with corticosteroids or glucocorticosteroids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inducing and amplifying specific effectors, which comprises obtaining pulsed plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) by incubation of a pDC line with at least one antigen, the pulsed pDC being subsequently irradiated and brought into contact with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and cultured or injected into an organism. The pulsed and irradiated pDC and the PBMC share at least one major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele.

Abstract: The first object of the present invention is to provide an immortalized cell line derived from a thread-sail filefish. The first object of the present invention can be solved by a cell line or a passage strain thereof derived from a living body part of a fish of the family Monacanthidae, wherein the cell line or the passage strain thereof is capable of being subcultured substantially without limitations. The second object of the present invention is to provide a pluripotent stem cell derived from a thread-sail filefish. The second object of the present invention can be solved by a cell line or a passage strain thereof derived from a living body part of a fish of the family Monacanthidae, wherein the cell line or the passage strain thereof is positive for at least a cell marker selected from a group consisting of TRA-1-60, OCT4 and SSEA-3.

Abstract: A method for isolating and processing bone marrow derived stem cells, including the steps of: (a) collecting a biological sample containing adherent bone marrow stem cells in a receptacle with interior walls coated with a cell-adherent substrate; (b) incubating the bone marrow cells on the adherent substrate so that a layer of adherent bone marrow stem cells adheres to the substrate; (c) washing any non-adherent cells from the substrate; and (d) collecting the bone marrow stem cell layer. Isolation kits and use of bone marrow cells harvested for cell therapies are also described.

Abstract: Methods for obtaining multipotent Apelin receptor-positive lateral plate mesoderm cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and mesangioblasts under serum-free conditions are disclosed.

Abstract: This disclosure generally relates to cell-based therapies for treatment of visual disorders, including disorders of the cornea. Methods are exemplified for directed differentiation of corneal cells from stem cells. Compositions of corneal endothelial cells and uses thereof are also provided. Exemplary compositions exhibit improved cell density and/or more “youthful” gene expression relative to cells obtained from donated tissue.

Abstract: Disclosed is an IgG Fc fragment useful as a drug carrier. A recombinant vector expressing the IgG Fc fragment, a transformant transformed with the recombinant vector, and a method of preparing an IgG Fc fragment are disclosed. When conjugated to a certain drug, the IgG Fc fragment improves the in vivo duration of action of the drug and minimizes the in vivo activity reduction of the drug.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for detecting the undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells comprising an agent useful for measuring the level of Desmoglein 2 (Dsg 2) mRNA or the protein thereof, a kit for detecting the undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells comprising the said composition, a method for detecting the undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells containing the step of measuring the level of Desmoglein 2 mRNA or the protein thereof, a method for evaluating the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and thereafter for separating the undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells, a method for reducing the undifferentiated status of human pluripotent stem cells by inhibiting the expression or activation of Desmoglein 2, and a monoclonal antibody binding specifically to human Desmoglein 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for culturing epithelial stem cells, isolated tissue fragments comprising the epithelial stem cells, or adenoma cells, and culturing the cells or fragments in the presence of a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist when culturing epithelial stem cells and isolated tissue fragments. The invention further relates to a cell culture medium comprising a BMP inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist, to the use of the culture medium, and to crypt-villus organoids, gastric organoids, pancreatic organoids, liver organoids, colon organoids, Barrett's Esophagus organoids, adenocarcinoma organoids and colon carcinoma organoids that are formed in the culture medium.

Abstract: PFRs for running multiphasic processes are disclosed. The PFRs are single or multi-chamber devices having at least three types of regions (a liquid-contacting region, a gas-contacting region and a Ssquid-coSection region), and a porous substrate providing fluid communication at least between the liquid-contacting and gas-contacting regions. Removal of liquid from the porous substrate, such as by collecting the liquid as it flows off the bottom of the porous substrate in the Siquid-coSSection region or such as by evaporation of the liquid from the porous substrate in the evaporation region supports a continuous flow process. Methods of using the PFRs are also disclosed, for example methods of using the PFRs as photobioreactors for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms, for producing fermentable sugars, for producing ethanol, for fermenting synthesis gas and producing single cell protein from natural gas.

Abstract: A device for use in laser optical transfection of biological targets including an optofluidic microdevice and a piece of optical glass. The optofluidic microdevice has a central vertical outlet and a microchannel network that includes a plurality of entrapping channels with narrowings. The microchannel network is fused with the optical glass. In one aspect the device is used with a petri dish having an optical window. In another aspect the device is used with a well plate having a plurality of wells and associated optical windows. In a third aspect the device is used with a barrier. Each of the aspects forms a peripheral space around the optofluidic microdevice capable of retaining a live culture of biological targets and material that is desired to be injected into those biological targets. Polymer tubing is inserted into the central vertical outlet which connects the device to an external pump.

Abstract: The invention relates to the discovery that the proliferation and survival of pancreatic progenitor cells can be enhanced by contacting the cells with, (1) a caspase inhibitor sufficient to reduce apoptosis in the pancreatic endocrine cells; and, (2) a growth factor in an amount sufficient to increase the level of activated Akt in the pancreatic endocrine cells.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for monitoring the movement of analytes and/or cellular components across biological membranes (e.g., cell surface internalization). In particular, reporter constructs are provided, the transmembrane movement of which (e.g., by endocytosis) is monitored by methods described herein.

Abstract: The vast differentiation potential of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, including their potential to cascade through all of the somatic cell lineages and to display the complete transcriptional regulatory network of human biology, has generated interest in deriving scalable, purified, and identified cell types and methods of discovering the precise structure of the human regulatory network. However, the innate capacity of pluripotent cells to display all these lineages is not necessarily reflected during their culture in vitro. The clonal isolation and propagation of progenitors greatly facilitates the generation of highly purified and identified formulations for research and therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: The present invention provides three-dimensional microenvironment niches prepared from biomaterial compositions that supports growth and self renewal of stem cells. The invention also provides methods for inducing pluripotency in a somatic cell using chemical compounds, as well as methods for screening for compounds that can induce pluripotency in a somatic cell.

Abstract: The invention provides a defined low protein culture medium for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state, the medium comprising: a basal medium, an organic acid from the tricarboxylic acid cycle, nonessential amino acids, a combination of growth factors selected from the group consisting of FGF-2 protein, an IGF-1 protein or insulin, a Transferrin protein, and a TGF beta 1 protein, wherein the medium is essentially feeder-free, essentially xeno-free, essentially free of beta-mercaptoethanol, and essentially free of animal-derived or human-derived proteins.

Abstract: The generation of complex organ tissues from human embryonic and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains a major challenge for translational studies. It is shown that PSCs can be directed to differentiate into intestinal tissue in vitro by modulating the combinatorial activities of several signaling pathways in a step-wise fashion, effectively recapitulating in vivo fetal intestinal development. The resulting intestinal “organoids” were three-dimensional structures consisting of a polarized, columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchyme that included a smooth muscle-like layer. The epithelium was patterned into crypt-like SOX9-positive proliferative zones and villus-like structures with all of the major functional cell types of the intestine. The culture system is used to demonstrate that expression of NEUROG3, a pro-endocrine transcription factor mutated in enteric anendocrinosis is sufficient to promote differentiation towards the enteroendocrine cell lineage.

Abstract: The invention is directed to in vitro methods of inducing differentiation of anterior foregut endoderm and the enriched populations of anterior foregut endoderm produced by such methods. Such enriched populations are useful for studies of the molecular events that occur during differentiation and for generating cells for cell replacement therapy.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to methods for forming a stem cell bank. The methods include obtaining a first stem cell from a multi-cell fertilized embryo, expanding the first stem cell into two or more descendant stem cells, and storing at least one of the descendant stem cells to form the stem cell bank. Also disclosed is a kit that can be used for making the stem cell bank during in vitro fertilization. If desired, the HLA serotype of the stem cells can be determined prior to storage.

Abstract: A method for stem or progenitor cell culture. More precisely, the invention relates to a method for cell culture using one or more I?I (inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor or Inter-alpha inhibitor) protein(s) or part(s) thereof as a component in a cell culture media or a coating on a cell culture surface material. Furthermore the invention relates to a cell culture media and a cell culture coating/matrix provided with one or more I?I proteins(s) or part(s) thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for diagnosing ovarian cancer. In particular, certain microRNAs are useful to the response to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer patients.

Abstract: The invention relates to biotechnology and provides novel compositions and methods for sequence-specific or sequence-directed transcription activator-like effector recombinases. The invention also provides novel plant transformation vectors and expression cassettes, which include novel combinations of chimeric recombinases with plant expression and transformation elements. Methods for gene-targeting, DNA sequence removal, and molecular breeding are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of decreasing an immune suppressive response, increasing an immune stimulating response, or a combination thereof in a subject in need thereof are disclosed. The methods typically include administering the subject a composition including a compound that reduces the bioavailability of Akt3 in an amount effective to reduce the immune suppressive response, increase the immune stimulating response, or a combination thereof in the subject. Methods of increasing an immune suppressive response, decreasing an immune stimulating response, or a combination thereof in a subject in need thereof are also disclosed. The methods typically include administering the subject a composition including a compound that increases the bioavailability of Akt3 in an amount effective to increase the immune suppressive response, decrease the immune stimulating response, or a combination thereof in the subject.

Abstract: Non-human animals, tissues, cells, and genetic material are provided that comprise a modification of an endogenous non-human heavy chain immunoglobulin sequence and that comprise an ADAM6 activity functional in a mouse, wherein the non-human animals express a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain and a cognate human immunoglobulin ? light chain variable domain.

Abstract: Provided are binding polypeptides (e.g., antibodies), and effector moiety conjugates thereof, comprising a CH1 domain (e.g., a human IgG1 CH1 domain), wherein the CH1 domain has an engineered N-linked glycosylation site at amino acid position 114, according to Kabat numbering. Also provided are nucleic acids encoding the antigen-binding polypeptides, recombinant expression vectors and host cells for making such antigen-binding polypeptides. Methods of using the antigen-binding polypeptides disclosed herein to treat disease are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation for sustained delivery of a therapeutic agent, preferably a protein, polypeptide, an antibody or an antibody fragment, comprising one or more gel forming peptides wherein the formulation exhibits sustained delivery for at least two weeks, three weeks, four weeks, five weeks, six weeks, seven weeks, eight weeks, nine weeks, ten weeks, eleven weeks, twelve weeks or more. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a formulation comprising self-assembling peptides that undergo sol-gel transition in the presence of an electrolyte solution such as biological fluids and salts. The formulation can provide sustained release of antibody and antibody fragments, in particular, IgG. Antibody diffusivities can be decreased with increasing hydrogel nanofiber density, providing a means to control the release kinetics.

Abstract: We provide IDH1 gene-defective cell lines (e.g., IDH1R132H heterozygous and IDH1R132H homozygous) derived from dissociated human astrocytoma samples. The cells can be used alone or in combination with each other or other cell types as a tool for determining the impact of IDH1R132H on cellular biology, tumorigenesis, and metabolic profiles. The cell lines may be used to test and identify therapeutic targets and to screen for molecular therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Provided are isolated complexes comprising a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and a type I diabetes-associated GAD autoantigenic peptide, the isolated complex having a structural conformation which enables isolation of a high affinity entity which comprises an antigen binding domain capable of specifically binding to a native conformation of a complex composed of the MHC class II and the type I diabetes-associated GAD autoantigenic peptide; and isolated high affinity entities comprising an antigen binding domain capable of specifically binding the complex, wherein the isolated high affinity entity does not bind to the MHC class II in an absence of the diabetes-associated GAD autoantigenic peptide, wherein the isolated high affinity entity does not bind to the diabetes-associated GAD autoantigenic peptide in an absence of the MHC class II; and methods and kits using same for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to testis somatic cell-derived pluripotent stem cells, and more particularly, to pluripotent adult stem cells which exhibit a positive immune reaction to both CD34 and CD73 and which are derived from testis somatic cells. The present invention further relates to a method for producing the testis somatic cell-derived pluripotent stem cells, and to a pharmaceutical composition including same for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a photoreactive synthetic regulator of protein function. The present disclosure further provides a light-regulated polypeptide that includes a subject synthetic regulator. Also provided are cells and membranes comprising a subject light-regulated polypeptide. The present disclosure further provides methods of modulating protein function, involving use of light.

Abstract: The present invention provides highly advantageous and efficient methods for spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transfer for the generation of animals having valuable traits or genetic background.

Abstract: The present invention relates to large-scale bioreactors having at least two impellers, large-scale bioreactor systems and methods for the large scale cultivation and propagation of mammalian cells using these bioreactors.

Abstract: Polypeptide preparations having target levels of glycans, and methods of producing such polypeptide preparations using putrescine, are described.

Abstract: Improvement of fiber quality of Upland cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum), while maintaining early maturity and productivity, is a fundamental problem in conventional cotton breeding. Phytochromes play a fundamental role in plant development, flowering and cotton fiber length. Targeted RNAi of PHYA1 genes in cotton suppressed expression of PHYA1 and/or PHYB, resulting in over-expression of the remaining PHYA2/B/C/E genes. This altered expression induced a number of phytochrome-associated phenotypes, including increased root length and mass, increased anthocyanin-pigment, vigorous shoot development and vegetative growth, early flowering, early boll maturity, increased fiber length and increased seed cotton yield compared to control plants. These RNAi phenotypes were stably inherited and expressed through four generations (T0-3) and were transferable from RNAi Coker-312 plants to Upland cultivars via conventional hybridization.