Abstract: A catalyst composition for pozzolan compositions, includes: a) one or more chlorides, selected from the group consisting of: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, strontium chloride, barium chloride and/or ammonium chloride, preferably ammonium chloride; b) aluminum chloride, and c) one or more metal oxides, preferably selected from the group consisting of: oxides from metals from Group II of the Periodic Table, oxides from metals from Group VIII B of the Periodic Table (e.g. iron oxide), more preferably oxides from metals from Group II of the Periodic Table, even more preferably magnesium oxide or calcium oxide, most preferably magnesium oxide. The use of the catalytic composition for addition to cement for oil well cementing, and for lowering the pH of cement, a method for obtaining a composition for reinforcing cement, a binder composition and a construction composition are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for producing carbon, metal and/or metal oxide porous materials that have precisely controlled structures on the nanometer and micrometer scales. The methods involve the single or repeated infiltration of porous templates with metal salts at controlled temperatures, the controlled drying and decomposition of the metal salts under reducing conditions, and optionally the removal of the template. The carbon porous materials are involve the infiltration of a carbon precursor into a porous template, followed by polymerization and pyrolysis. These porous materials have utility in separations, catalysis, among others.

Abstract: A NOx absorber catalyst comprising an extruded solid body comprises either: (A) 10-95% by weight of at least one binder/matrix component; and 5-90% by weight of a zeolitic molecular sieve, a non-zeolitic molecular sieve or a mixture of any two or more thereof, which catalyst comprising at least one metal comprising (a) at least one precious metal; and (b) at least one alkali metal or at least one alkaline earth metal, wherein (a) and (b) are carried in one or more coating layer(s) on a surface of the extruded solid body; or (B) 10-95% by weight of at least one binder/matrix component; and 5-80% by weight optionally stabilized ceria, which catalyst comprising at least one metal comprising (a) at least one precious metal; and (b) at least one alkali metal or at least one alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A hydrodeoxygenation catalyst comprises a metal catalyst, an acid promoter, and a support. The metal catalyst is selected from platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium rhodium, osmium, iridium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, copper, tin, or mixtures thereof. The support is a promoted-zirconium material including texture promoters and acid promoters. The hydrodeoxygenation catalyst may be used for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of sugar or sugar alcohol in an aqueous solution. In one embodiment the HDO catalyst may be used for HDO of fatty acids such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), triglycerols (in plant oil and animal fat), pyrolysis oil, or lignin. The hydrodeoxygenation catalyst for fatty acid process does not require the use of an acid promoter, it is optional.

Abstract: A method for supporting a catalytic metal on the surface of a carrier by bringing an aqueous catalytic metal salt solution into contact a porous carrier. The method includes the steps of: impregnating the carrier with a liquid hydrophobic organic compound before bringing the aqueous catalytic metal salt solution into contact with the carrier, and drying the impregnated carrier to volatilize the hydrophobic organic compound on the surface of the carrier, followed by bringing the carrier into contact with the aqueous catalytic metal salt solution; and then bringing a reducing agent into contact with the catalytic metal salt on the surface of the carrier to reduce the catalytic metal salt to undergo insolubilization treatment. The catalytic component is supported in a region from the surface of the carrier to a depth of 50 ?m or more and 500 ?m or less.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride comprising a surface, with a metal oxide integrally synthesized and providing a coating on the surface of the interstitial metal hydride. The catalysts and processes of the present invention can improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur and nitrogen reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.

Abstract: A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex including: a mesoporous metal oxide; and a catalyst metal supported on the mesoporous metal oxide, wherein the catalyst on the mesoporous metal oxide has a degree of dispersion of about 30 to about 90 percent.

Abstract: A method of using a hybrid oxidation catalyst system for remediating a lean emission from a vehicle includes the step of oxidizing the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in an engine emission comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, NOx including NO and NO2, and oxygen with a first catalyst. The first catalyst includes noble metal particles supported in a first ceramic layer. The method further includes oxidizing the NO with a second catalyst having base metal oxide particles supported in a second ceramic layer to form NO2. The first catalyst is disposed upstream of the second catalyst and the system is capable of converting at least 10% of the amount of NO to NO2 at a temperature ranging from 75° C. to 225° C.

Abstract: Process for isomerizing linear alpha-olefins having from 10 to 25 carbon atoms over a heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: A nanostructure includes a plurality of metal nanoblades positioned with one edge on a substrate. Each of the plurality of metal nanoblades has a large surface area to mass ratio and a width smaller than a length. A method of storing hydrogen includes coating a plurality of magnesium nanoblades with a hydrogen storage catalyst and storing hydrogen by chemically forming magnesium hydride with the plurality of magnesium nanoblades.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic high-pressure process for the CO2 reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, in the presence of iridium-comprising active compositions and also a preferred active composition in which Ir is present in finely dispersed form on zirconium dioxide-comprising support material. The predominant proportion of the zirconium dioxide preferably has a cubic and/or tetragonal structure and the zirconium dioxide is more preferably stabilized by means of at least one doping element. In the process of the invention, reforming gas is brought into contact at a pressure of greater than 5 bar, preferably greater than 10 bar and more preferably greater than 20 bar, and a temperature which is in the range from 600 to 1200° C., preferably in the range from 850 to 1100° C. and in particular in the range from 850 to 950° C., and converted into synthesis gas.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a catalyst suitable for use in a steam reforming process, including the steps of: (i) spraying a slurry containing a particulate catalyst compound, including one or more catalytic metals selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru and Au, on to the surface of a shaped support in a pan coater to form a coated shaped support material having the catalytic metal in a surface layer, (ii) drying and optionally calcining the coated shaped support material to form a catalyst precursor, and (iii) optionally reducing the metal or metals in the catalyst precursor to a lower oxidation state to form the catalyst. The egg-shell catalyst is useful for performing a steam reforming reaction.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating and/or hydroconverting heavy metal-containing hydrocarbon feeds, comprises a support in the form of mainly irregular and non-spherical alumina-based agglomerates the specific shape. The catalyst is prepared by a specific order of steps: crushing, calcining, acidic autoclaving, drying, further calcining and impregnation with catalytic metals.

Abstract: Provided are exhaust systems and components suitable for use in conjunction with gasoline engines to treat gaseous emissions such as hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxides. Layered three-way conversion (TWC) catalysts comprise an outer layer whose rhodium is supported by an oxygen storage component, such as a ceria-zirconia composite, and the outer layer is substantially free from alumina as a support. The rhodium-containing layer can be free of all other precious metals, such as platinum and palladium. A lower palladium layer is provided where the palladium is supported by a refractory metal oxide. The lower palladium layer can be free of rhodium and platinum and can contain an oxygen storage component that is the same or different from that in the rhodium-containing layer. Methods of making and using these catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: A CO2 reforming catalyst composition includes a hydroxyl group-containing porous oxide, and a composite porous catalyst supported by a porous supporter. The composite porous catalyst includes a catalyst metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition comprising a nanostructured transition metal oxide capable of oxidizing two H2O molecules to obtain four protons. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition further comprises a porous matrix wherein the nanocluster of the transition metal oxide is embedded on and/or in the porous matrix.

Abstract: Processes for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts include the transportation of a modular, portable catalyst activation and/or regeneration unit to Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate production units. An alternative process for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts includes activating and/or regenerating the catalyst in a production unit at a catalyst treatment facility. An alternative process for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts includes activating and/or regenerating the catalyst in a synthesis reactor at a catalyst treatment facility.

Abstract: A catalyst for steam reforming of methanol, which includes a carrier material comprising a metal oxide and deposited thereon a) indium oxide (In2O3) and at least one further metal from the group of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and iridium (Ir) and/or b) an alloy comprising indium and at least one further metal from the group of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and iridium (Ir), as catalytically active substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing micro-nano combined active systems in which nanoparticles of a first component are bonded to microparticles of a second component, comprising the following steps: (a) producing a low-ligand colloidal suspension containing nanoparticles of the first component, (b) adding microparticles to the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles or adding the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles to a dispersion containing the microparticles and intensively mixing so that the nanoparticles adsorb onto the microparticles, (c) separating the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto from the liquid and drying the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto.

Abstract: An automobile exhaust gas catalytic converter includes a first catalyst layer; a second catalyst layer located on a downstream side as compared to the first catalyst layer; and a base material on which the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer are respectively located. In the exhaust gas catalytic converter, the proportion (LB/LS) of a coating length (LB) of the second catalyst layer from a downstream end of the base material with respect to a total length (LS) of the base material in the exhaust gas flow direction is approximately 50 to 90%, the proportion of an amount of Rh contained in the second catalyst layer with respect to a total amount of Rh contained in the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer is approximately 50 to 90% by mass, and the rest of Rh is contained together with Pd or Pt in the first catalyst layer.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising an active phase comprising at least one metal from group VIII selected from cobalt, nickel, ruthenium and iron, alone or as a mixture, and an oxide support which can be used in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process comprises at least once the linked sequence of a stage for impregnation of said oxide support, a drying stage in which said impregnated oxide support is entrained by means of a gas, said impregnated oxide support being subjected in said stage to a temperature rise ramp of between 250 and 600° C./min, the residence time of said impregnated oxide support in said drying stage being between 1 second and 1 minute, and a stage for calcination of said dried impregnated oxide support. The invention also concerns a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process using the catalyst prepared according to the preparation process.

Abstract: Preparation of a catalyst comprising at least one metal from group VIII said process comprising stabilization of an oxide support, by impregnation of said oxide support, rapid drying, calcination of impregnated and dried oxide support, stabilization stage being followed at least once by impregnation of stabilized oxide support, drying of stabilized and impregnated oxide support operating in a fluidized bed in the presence of a gas, said support being subjected to a temperature rise ramp of between 0.5 and 5° C./min to attain a temperature of between 50 and 170° C., the residence time of said support once the drying temperature is reached being between 20 and 180 min, and calcination of said dried impregnated stabilized oxide support.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for converting nitrogen oxide into ammonia, which is capable of converting nitrogen oxide into ammonia under fuel lean exhaust gas conditions of more than theoretical air-fuel ratio (A/F=14.7), and a method for manufacturing the same. The catalyst according to the present invention comprises a metal oxide support impregnated with a precious metal, such that conversion of nitrogen oxide into ammonia under fuel lean exhaust gas conditions of more than theoretical air-fuel ratio (A/F=14.7) is possible.

Abstract: A catalyst system and a method for reducing nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas by reduction with a hydrocarbon or oxygen-containing organic compound reducing agent are provided. The catalyst system contains a silver catalyst and a modifier catalyst, where the modifier catalyst contains a modifier oxide, where the modifier oxide is selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, cerium oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, a lanthanide oxide, an actinide oxide, molybdenum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, rhenium oxide, tantalum oxide, osmium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, potassium oxide, vanadium oxide, nickel oxide, tungsten oxide, and mixtures thereof. The modifier oxide is supported on an inorganic oxide support or supports, where at least one of the inorganic oxide supports is an acidic support. The catalyst system of the silver catalyst and the modifier catalyst provides higher NOx conversion than either the silver catalyst or the modifier catalyst alone.

Abstract: Described is a metal oxide support material containing nanoscaled iron-platinum group metal particles having a particle size in the range of 0.5 to 10 nm. At least 70% of the nanoscaled iron-platinum group metal particles are located on an outside surface layer of the metal oxide support material. The outside surface layer has an average volume of less than 50% based on the total volume of the metal oxide support material. Additionally, described is a process for preparation of metal oxide support materials containing nanoscaled iron-platinum group metal particles. Furthermore, described is the use of metal oxides containing nanoscaled iron-platinum group metal particles as catalysts, for example as a diesel oxidation catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas emissions from a diesel engine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a layered three-way catalytic system being separated in a front and a rear portion having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Provided is a catalyst composite comprising a single front catalytic layer and two rear catalytic layers in conjunction with a substrate, where the single font layer and the rear bottom layer comprise a Pd component, the rear top layer comprises a Rh component, and the rear bottom layer is substantially free of an oxygen storage component (OSC).

Abstract: Catalyst comprising: a) a catalytic ceramic support comprising an arrangement of crystallites of the same size, same isodiametric morphology and same chemical composition or substantially of the same size, same isodiametric morphology and same chemical composition in which each crystallite is in point contact or virtually point contact with crystallites that surround it, and b) at least one active phase comprising metallic particles mechanically anchored into said catalytic support so that the coalescence and the mobility of each particle are limited to a volume corresponding to that of a crystallite of said catalytic ceramic support.

Abstract: For preparing a reforming catalyst comprising a support, a group VIIIB metal and a group VIIB metal, comprises the following steps in the order a) then b) or b) then a): a step a) impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid comprising a group VIIIB metal; a step b) impregnating the support with an aqueous solution comprising a group VIIB metal and a sulphur-containing complexing agent in a reducing environment, or a step b) impregnation with an aqueous solution comprising a group VIIB metal, then with a solution comprising a sulphur-containing complexing agent in a reducing environment. The reducing environment is any reducing atmosphere comprising more than 0.1% by weight of a reducing gas or a mixture of reducing gases; or reducing solutions comprising, with respect to the group VIIB metal, in the range 0.1 to 20 equivalents of reducing metals, reducing organic compounds or inorganic reducing compounds.

Abstract: Oxidation catalyst composites for the treatment of exhaust gas emissions, such as the abatement of unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) and the oxidation of NO to NO2 are disclosed The catalyst composites comprise two washcoat layers containing two different compositions of platinum group metals to optimize the NO2 exiting the catalyst composite. The key to improvement in NO oxidation is to have one catalyst layer that contains Pt while being substantially free of Pd. Methods and systems utilizing the catalyst composites are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for the rapid synthesis of catalyst are disclosed herein, as well as catalyst formed from such methods. One method of the rapid synthesis of catalyst comprises first forming a solution that comprises a solvent, a precious metal precursor, a catalyst substrate, a reducing agent and a stabilizer. The solution is homogenized. The precious metal precursor is reduced to nanoparticles of the precious metal and the nanoparticles are deposited onto the catalyst substrate to form catalyst particles. Reducing and depositing comprise increasing a temperature of the solution with microwave irradiation at a controlled rate to a predetermined temperature and holding the solution at the predetermined temperature with microwave irradiation until the reduction and depositing are detected to be complete.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described comprising a cylinder with a length C and a diameter D, wherein said unit has five holes arranged in a pentagonal pattern extending longitudinally therethrough, with five flutes running along the length of the unit, said flutes positioned equidistant adjacent holes of said pentagonal pattern. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.

Abstract: A surface of a substrate comprising microcavities leading out of the substrate is placed in contact with an aqueous solution comprising a plurality of suspended particles and a fabric. Perpendicular pressure is applied the expanse of the substrate between the fabric and the surface of the substrate, and relative movement of the fabric and the surface is applied to the expanse of the substrate. At least one particle is thus fed into each microcavity, therein forming a porous material that is a catalyst material for nanothread or nanotube growth.

Abstract: A method of making iron and cobalt pre-catalysts and catalysts in activated, finished form suitable for use in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The pre-catalysts are prepared by mixing an iron or cobalt salt, a base, and a metal oxide textural promoter or support. The reaction is carried out in a solvent deficient environment. The resulting product is then calcined at temperatures of about 300-500° C. to produce a metal oxide. The catalysts are prepared by reducing the metal oxide in the presence of hydrogen at temperatures of about 300-500° C. and carbiding the reduced metal in the case of iron.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described in the form of a cylinder having a length C and diameter D, which has two or more flutes running along its length, wherein said cylinder has domed ends of lengths A and B, such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.50 to 2.00, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.40 to 5.00. The catalyst may be used particularly in reactions where hydrogen is a reactant such as hydroprocessing, hydrogenation, water-gas shift reactions, methanation, hydrocarbon synthesis by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, methanol synthesis and ammonia synthesis.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described in the form of a cylinder having a length C and diameter D, which has one or more holes extending therethrough, wherein said cylinder has domed ends of lengths A and B, such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.50 to 2.00, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.40 to 5.00. The catalyst or catalyst unit preferably has one or more flutes miming along its length. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising: a) a catalyst support made of a ceramic, the support comprising an arrangement of crystallites having the same size, the same isodiametric morphology and the same chemical composition or substantially the same size, the same isodiametric morphology and the same chemical composition, in which each crystallite makes point contact or almost point contact with the surrounding crystallites; and b) at least one active phase comprising metallic particles that interact chemically with said catalyst support made of a ceramic and that are mechanically anchored to said catalyst support in such a way that the coalescence and mobility of each particle are limited to a maximum volume corresponding to that of a crystallite of said catalyst support.

Abstract: A biotemplated nanomaterial can include a crystalline perovskite.

Abstract: A process for making a ceramic catalyst material includes mixing a catalyst precursor material with a mineral particulate to form a mixture; adding a binder, silicon carbide, and a parting agent to the mixture to form unfired spheroids; and heating the unfired spheroids at a temperature effective to oxidize the silicon carbide and the catalyst precursor material to form the ceramic catalyst material. In another embodiment, the process includes the addition of a catalyst metal oxide salt to an aluminosilicate hydrogel aggregate mixture. Once the mixture sets, the set mixture is heated to a temperature to effective to produce a high surface area ceramic catalyst material.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising tin and optionally a second metal for use in the production of alcohols such as ethanol from carboxylic acids such as acetic acid. An acidic solution such as nitric acid is utilized in the preparation of the catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention to better solubilize an organometallic tin precursor resulting in the formation of catalysts having particularly high selectivity to ethanol.

Abstract: This invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst, which can burn PM (particulate matter) at a temperature below the temperature required in the prior art technique and can realize a high PM combustion rate at elevated temperatures, and an exhaust gas purification apparatus using the exhaust gas purification catalyst. The exhaust gas purification catalyst comprises a composite oxide having oxygen release properties and Ag and a noble metal co-supported on the composite oxide. The exhaust gas purification catalyst and an exhaust gas purification apparatus (1) using the exhaust gas purification catalyst can increase the PM combustion rate at elevated temperatures and, at the same time, can burn PM at a temperature below the temperature required in the prior art technique. Further, fuel consumption loss caused by forced regeneration, EM deterioration, and catalyst deterioration can be suppressed, and, thus, the load on automobiles can be reduced.

Abstract: A catalyst material including a catalyst carrier including a porous alumina support and a hindrance layer on the alumina support, the hindrance layer comprising one or more of a sulfate, carbonate, hydroxide, or oxide of barium, strontium, or calcium is described. The catalyst carrier further includes a rare earth oxide. The catalyst material can further comprise a platinum group metal. The catalyst material is useful for methods and systems of abating pollutants from automotive exhaust gas.

Abstract: Nanoparticle catalyst compositions and methods for preparation of same are described. The nanoparticle catalysts are platinum-free and are useful in effecting selective ring-opening reactions, for example in upgrading heavy oil. The catalyst may be of monometallic composition, or may comprise an alloyed or core-shell bimetallic composition. The nanoparticles are of controlled size and shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing ethanol using a catalyst comprising rhodium and tin on a support. The rhodium and tin may be present in a molar ratio of 20:80 to 80:20.

Abstract: A method for producing an exhaust gas purifying catalyst according to the present invention includes step (a) of preparing a metal oxide support containing zirconium; step (b) of preparing a solution containing rhodium; and step (c) of adding the metal oxide support prepared in the step (a), and ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate or ammonia water, to the solution prepared in the step (b) to obtain the solution having a pH adjusted to a range of 3.0 or higher and 7.5 or lower. The present invention provides a method capable of producing an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including a metal oxide support containing zirconium and rhodium of a minute particle size which is supported on the metal oxide support at a high degree of dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the formation of an alcohol from an alkanoic acid, the steps of the process comprising: contacting a feed stream containing the alkanoic acid and hydrogen at an elevated temperature with a hydrogenating catalyst comprising from 3 to 25 wt. % of active metals comprising tin and cobalt and a metal promoter selected from the group consisting of noble metals or first metal, the first metal selected from the group of barium, cesium and potassium.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a supported cobalt-containing catalyst having substantially homogeneously dispersed, small cobalt crystallites. The method comprises depositing cobalt nitrate on a support and then subjecting the support to a two-step decomposition protocol. In the first step, the support is heated in an oxygen-containing, substantially water-free atmosphere to about 160° C. to form an intermediate decomposition product. This intermediate product is then or hydrolyzed and reduced, or hydrolyzed, calcined and reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a dehydrogenation catalyst comprising a group VIII metal, a group IVA metal and a refractory oxide support. The method comprises stages of preparing the dry impregnation aqueous solution containing said group VIII metal, ammonia, either in solution or in gas form, and a complexing agent. It then comprises stages of aging the aqueous solution, of dry impregnation of the support, of maturing the impregnated support, of drying the impregnated support and of calcining the dried support.

Abstract: A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

Abstract: Catalysts, systems and methods for abating emissions in an exhaust stream are provided. Systems comprising a transition metal oxide stabilized oxygen storage catalyst are described. The emissions treatment system is advantageously used for the treatment of exhaust streams from lean burn engines including diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process to produce catalysts by powder injection moulding and the catalysts thereof, wherein the catalysts are made by preparing a ceramic formulation with temperature controlled rheological properties comprising catalytic components, heating the powder formulation up to at least the fluid state transition temperature, shaping a sample by injecting the fluid powder formulation into an injection mould followed by cooling the injected powder formulation below the fluid state transition temperature, de-binding the shaped sample, and sintering the shaped sample to form a ceramic catalyst. Alternatively the ceramic structure may be formed initially followed by a coating of the ceramic structure by one or more catalytic compounds.