Abstract: A compact, cold, superconducting isochronous cyclotron can include at least two superconducting coils on opposite sides of a median acceleration plane. A magnetic yoke surrounds the coils and a portion of a beam chamber in which ions are accelerated. A cryogenic refrigerator is thermally coupled both with the superconducting coils and with the magnetic yoke. The superconducting isochronous cyclotron also includes sector pole tips that provide strong focusing; the sector pole tips can have a spiral configuration and can be formed of a rare earth magnet. The sector pole tips can also be separated from the rest of the yoke by a non-magnetic material. In other embodiments, the sector pole tips can include a superconducting material. The spiral pole tips can also include cut-outs on a back side of the sector pole tips remote from the median acceleration plane.

Abstract: Devices and methods are described for converting a carbon source and a hydrogen source into hydrocarbons, such as alcohols, for alternative energy sources. The influents may comprise carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas or water, obtainable from the atmosphere for through methods described herein, such as plasma generation or electrolysis. One method to produce hydrocarbons comprises the use of an electrolytic device, comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte. Another method comprises the use of ultrasonic energy to drive the reaction. The devices and methods and related devices and methods are useful, for example, to provide a fossil fuel alternative energy source, store renewable energy, sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, counteract global warming, and store carbon dioxide in a liquid fuel.

Abstract: A flux compression generator (FCG) is provided for producing an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The FCG includes an environmental case, a reactive load, a dielectric core, a superconducting stator, an electric energy source, a load switch, and a transition device. The reactive load transmits the EMP in response to an electric current pulse. The dielectric core has proximal and distal ends within the case, with the stator disposed coaxially around the core that provides structural support. The case contains the electrical energy source, the stator, the core and the transition device. The energy source connects to the stator at the proximal end and powers the transition device. The load switch connects the reactive load to the stator at the distal end. The energy source initially provides an electric current to the stator. The device upon activation heats at least a portion of the stator to reversibly transition the portion from a superconducting state to a non-superconducting state.

Abstract: A superconducting fault current limiter recovery system includes a superconducting fault current limiter, a shunt electrically coupled in parallel with the superconducting fault current limiter, and a bypass path also electrically coupled in parallel with the superconducting fault current limiter. The bypass path enables a load current to flow through the bypass path during a bypass condition. Thus, load current may be quickly reestablished to serve loads after a fault condition via the bypass path while a superconductor of the superconductor fault current limiter has time to return to a superconducting state after the fault condition.

Abstract: Preparation of oxidation-reduction (redox) nano-medicine quantum dot room temperature superconductor quantum bit (qubit) networks includes processes of making unitary, binary, ternary, an d/or quaternary liquid pharmaceutical ingredients of an antioxidase antioxidant, a ?-adrenergic receptor agonist, a P2-purinergic receptor agonist, and/or a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker in combination with either 1:20 xanthine oxidase (XO):xanthine (X) or X alone in a liquid phase by using the L16(2)15 and L9(3)4 orthogonal optimization design protocols and modulating spatial distance constraint from about 0.1 ? to about 200 ? as well as a 10 class clean bottom-up self-assembly approach.

Abstract: A superconducting article includes a substrate having a biaxially textured surface. A biaxially textured buffer layer, which can be a cap layer, is supported by the substrate. The buffer layer includes a double perovskite of the formula A2B?B?O6, where A is rare earth or alkaline earth metal and B? and B? are different transition metal cations. A biaxially textured superconductor layer is deposited so as to be supported by the buffer layer. A method of making a superconducting article is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fault current limiter system including a fault current limiter and a variable shunt current splitting device. The current splitting device includes first and second conductive windings, wherein the first conductive winding is connected in parallel with the fault current limiter and is configured to carry current in a first direction. The second conductive winding is electrically connected in series with the fault current limiter and is configured to carry current in a second direction opposite to the first direction so that the reactance of the first winding is negated by the reactance of the second winding during steady state operation of the fault current limiter system. Thus, a first portion of a steady state current is conveyed through the fault current limiter and a second portion of the current is conveyed through the current splitting device. The steady state current load, on the fault current limiter is thereby reduced.

Abstract: A device for fabricating thin films on a substrate includes a vacuum chamber, a rotatable platen configured to hold one or more substrates within the vacuum chamber, and a housing disposed within the vacuum chamber. The housing contains a heating element and is configured to enclose an upper surface of the platen and a lower portion configured to partially enclose an underside surface of the platen which forms a reaction zone. A heated evaporation cell is operatively coupled to the lower portion of the housing and configured to deliver a pressurized metallic reactant to the reaction zone. The device includes a deposition zone disposed in the vacuum chamber and isolated from the reaction zone and is configured to deposit a deposition species to the exposed underside of the substrates when the substrates are not contained in the reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention pertains to creating new extremely low resistance (“ELR”) materials, which may include high temperature superconducting (“HTS”) materials. In some implementations of the invention, an ELR material may be modified by depositing a layer of modifying material unto the ELR material to form a modified ELR material. The modified ELR material has improved operational characteristics over the ELR material alone. Such operational characteristics may include operating at increased temperatures or carrying additional electrical charge or other operational characteristics. In some implementations of the invention, the ELR material is a cuprate-perovskite, such as, but not limited to YBCO. In some implementations of the invention, the modifying material is a conductive material that bonds easily to oxygen, such as, but not limited to, chromium.

Abstract: The invention pertains to creating new extremely low resistance (“ELR”) materials, which may include high temperature superconducting (“HTS”) materials. In some implementations of the invention, an ELR material may be modified by depositing a layer of modifying material unto the ELR material to form a modified ELR material. The modified ELR material has improved operational characteristics over the ELR material alone. Such operational characteristics may include operating at increased temperatures or carrying additional electrical charge or other operational characteristics. In some implementations of the invention, the ELR material is a cuprate-perovskite, such as, but not limited to BSSCO. In some implementations of the invention, the modifying material is a conductive material that bonds easily to oxygen, such as, but not limited to, chromium.

Abstract: Embodiments of a high temperature electromagnetic coil assembly are provided, as are embodiments of a method for fabricating such a high temperature electromagnetic coil assembly. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of applying a high thermal expansion ceramic coating over an anodized aluminum wire, coiling the coated anodized aluminum wire around a support structure, and curing the high thermal expansion ceramic coating after coiling to produce an electrically insulative, high thermal expansion ceramic body in which the coiled anodized aluminum wire is embedded.

Abstract: The superconducting winding (2) is configured such that it has a band-shaped HTS conductor (4) of the Röbel-conductor type, made of band-shaped HTS individual conductors that are transposed among each other. An armoring band (5) is to be wound to the prefabricated HTS conductor (4), the band not being metallurgically connected to the HTS conductor (4) and being subject to a comparatively larger winding tension (WZ2). The armoring band (5) is wound at a winding tension (WZ2) that is at least 1.5 times, preferably at least 3 times as large as the winding tension (WZ1) of the HTS conductor (4).

Abstract: A high-temperature superconductor composite (1) has at least two coated conductors (2) and an electrically insulating material (3), where the at least two coated conductors (2) are arranged onto or embedded within the electrically insulating material (3) and wherein the high-temperature superconductor composite (1) is suitable as a standardized, modular prefabricated component in the production of high-temperature superconductor devices such as a fault current limiter.

Abstract: A method of forming an underlying layer of an alignment film for an oxide superconducting conductor, includes arranging two or more kinds of targets along a lengthwise direction of a base material so as to face a surface of the base material; simultaneously irradiating an ion beam on surfaces of the two or more kinds of targets to deposit constituent particles of the targets on the surface of the base material in the order of the arrangement of the two or more kinds of targets; and forming a laminate in which two or more kinds of thin films are repeatedly laminated on the surface of the base material by passing the base material through a deposition region of the constituent particles a plurality of times so that the constituent particles of the targets are repeatedly deposited on the surface of the base material at each passage.

Abstract: A physical construction of a superconducting multi-core billet is provided together with a method for manufacturing a superconducting multi-core wire to offer reduction of manufacturing time (cost) and low frequency of occurrence of wire break during diameter-reduction drawing. The superconducting multi-core billet by the present invention has such a construction that a plurality of vertical holes are made in a billet 2 of copper or copper alloy of circular cross-section; that the vertical holes are filled with a superconducting material 4 comprised of NbTi; that a copper-volume ratio, which is a ratio of the copper or the copper alloy to NbTi in volume, is not smaller than four; that the plurality of vertical holes are made in the billet so that each of the vertical holes will be arrayed at an equal spacing on each of two inner and outer layers concentric circles.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a superconducting thin film material includes a vapor phase step of forming a superconducting layer by a vapor phase method and a liquid phase step of forming a superconducting layer by a liquid phase method so that the latter superconducting layer is in contact with the former superconducting layer. Preferably, the method further includes the step of forming an intermediate layer between the former superconducting layer and a metal substrate. The metal substrate is made of a metal, and preferably the intermediate layer is made of an oxide having a crystal structure of any of rock type, perovskite type and pyrochlore type, and the former superconducting layer and the latter superconducting layer both have an RE123 composition. Accordingly, the critical current value can be improved.

Abstract: An improved power transfer mechanism is disclosed, which is particularly beneficial in power transmission applications. The mechanism allows the SCFCL system to have more than one electrical reference. The use of hydraulic power simplifies the design of systems in which one part of the system is referenced to ground, while a second part of the system is referenced to a different voltage, typically much higher than ground. For example, the tank of the SCFCL system may not be connected to ground, while hydraulic power supply is referenced to ground. This embodiment is performed without the use of an electrically conductive path between the two parts of the system.

Abstract: An I/O system and device for use with superconducting device provides multi-stage filtering using superconducting electrical pathways, while providing good thermal conductivity to maintain low temperature of the various components and allowing the easy mounting and dismounting of a device sample from a refrigerated environment. Filtering may include a lumped element filter assembly including multiple plates each carrying a number of lumped element filters. Filtering may include a metal powder filter assembly including multiple metal power filters formed in passages of a substantially non-magnetic portions. A device sample holder assembly secures a device sample, for example a superconducting quantum processor, and provides signals, ground and good thermal conduction.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a method for treating a material in a static magnetic field having an intensity of more than 1 Tesla, including the following steps: a first step to heat the material, a second step to apply to the material a thermal shock and/or thermomechanical treatment and/or chemical treatment, wherein during at least the second treatment step, the material is subjected to the magnetic field while being held in position within the magnetic field.

Abstract: Fabrication of yarns or other shaped articles from materials in powder form (or nanoparticles or nanofibers) using carbon nanotube/nanofiber sheet as a platform (template). This includes methods for fabricating biscrolled yarns using carbon nanotube/nanofiber sheets and biscrolled fibers fabricated thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring instrument for time-variable magnetix fluxes, or flux gradients, to electrical resistance elements, and to a measuring system comprising a measuring instrument or electrical resistance element according to the invention. The core component of the measuring instrument is a flux transformer composed of a base material which has a phase transition to the superconducting state. According to the invention, even when the base material is in the superconducting state, this flux transformer comprises at least one load region having electrical resistance that is other than zero for dissipating the electric energy in the conductor loop thereof. For this purpose, according to the invention the conductor loop and the magnetic field source are disposed in one plane and are typically photolithographically structured. The resistance elements according to the invention, having resistance values of ?10?4?, are used as core components in the measuring instrument.

Abstract: A superconducting article includes first and second stacked conductor segments. The first stacked conductor segment includes first and second superconductive segments and has a nominal thickness tn1. The second stacked conductor segment includes third and forth superconductive segments and has a nominal thickness tn2. The superconducting article further includes a joint region comprising a first splice connecting the first and third superconductive segments together and a second splice connecting the second and forth superconductive segments together. The first splice is adjacent to and bridged portions of the first and third superconductive segments along at least a portion of the joint region, and the second splice is adjacent to and bridged portions of the second and forth superconductive segments along at least a portion of the joint region. The joint region has a thickness tjr, wherein tjr is not greater than at least one of 1.8 tn1 and 1.8 tn2.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus characterized by distinct operating modes are provided. A thin graphite material defined by graphene layers is supported on a silicon substrate. The graphite material is defined by edge sites at the interface with the silicon. The graphite material is characterized by electrical superconductive-like behavior at room-temperatures while electrical current flows there through in a first direction. The graphite material is further characterized by a transition to Ohmic behavior while electrical current flows there through in a second direction opposite to the first. Devices exhibiting diode-like behavior can be formed accordingly.

Abstract: A method of making a superconducting article that involves using MOCVD to deposit onto a uniaxially or biaxially textured surface an epitaxial layer that includes a superconducting material such as REBa2Cu3O7 and a secondary phase comprising at least one dopant, the dopant including Nb, Ta and/or V, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A system, including a superconductive heat transfer assembly, including, a first superconductive heat transfer pipe, a second superconductive heat transfer pipe, and a superconductive heat transfer contact switch configured to open and close a gap between the first superconductive heat transfer pipe and the second superconductive heat transfer pipe.

Abstract: A high temperature superconductor (=HTS) coated conductor (1), comprising an HTS layer (11) deposited epitaxially on a substrate (2), wherein the HTS layer (11) exhibits a lattice with a specific crystal axis being oriented perpendicular to the substrate plane (SP), in particular wherein the HTS layer material is of ReBCO type and the c-axis (c) is oriented perpendicular to the substrate plane (SP), wherein the HIS layer (11) comprises particle inclusions (4),in particular wherein the particle inclusions (4) may be used to introduce pinning of magnetic flux, is characterized in that at least a part (4a) of the particle inclusions (4) are formed of the same material as the HTS layer (11), and/or of chemical fractions of the material of the HTS layer (11), such that the average stoichiometry of said part (4a) of the particle inclusions (4) corresponds to the stoichiometry of the HTS layer (11), and that the particle inclusions of said part (4a) are discontinuities of the lattice of the HTS layer (11).

Abstract: A current terminal structure of a superconductor has a former, and a superconducting wire wound around the former in one or more layers and including a substrate and a superconducting layer formed on the substrate. A first layer superconducting wire wound around immediately above the former is arranged so that a substrate side thereof becomes outside and a superconducting layer side thereof becomes inside. A surface of the superconducting layer at an end of the first layer superconducting wire, which is directed toward the inside, and part of a surface of the superconducting layer of a connection superconducting wire, which is directed toward the outside, are faced and connected to each other.

Abstract: The invention offers a container for a superconducting apparatus and a superconducting apparatus. The container mounts in it a superconducting coil as a member including a superconductor. The container is provided with a vacuum insulated container 20 as a housing case made of resin and provided with an opening, a lead electrode 50 as a metal member positioned such that it passes through the opening, and a combination of connecting members 63 and 65 that covers the opening, that connects the lead electrode 50 to the vacuum insulated container 20, and that is provided with a curved portion as a thermal-stress-alleviating portion. Having the foregoing structure, the container can suppress the development of separation and cracks at the portion where the metal member passes though and is fixed to the wall of the container that mounts in it a superconductor such as a superconducting coil.

Abstract: A fault current limiter that maximizes transient stability by minimizing the power swing experienced by the generator during a fault condition is disclosed. A superconducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) is used, whereby the impedance of the SCFCL changes in the presence of a fault. In parallel with the SCFCL is a shunt impedance, which is the impedance seen by the generator during the fault. By decreasing the ratio of the reactance of the shunt impedance to its resistance, the stability of the power system may be enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a superconducting fault current limiter (1) comprising a rectifier bridge (2) made of active devices (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) connected to a circuit that is to be protected, said rectifier bridge (2) comprising four branches connected by means of four nodes (4, 5, 6, 7), wherein a first node (4) and a second node(5), not adjacent to said first node (4), are connected to said circuit that is to be protected (12, 13), characterized in that it comprises a central branch (8) connected from the third node (6) to the fourth node (7) of said rectifier bridge (2), comprising or consisting of at least one circuit element comprising an inductive component, whose aim is to reduce the amplitude of the ripple of the current through said central branch (8), and a nonlinear superconducting resistive component, having: a first operating condition, wherein the current through said central branch (8) does not exceed a given threshold value, so that said at least one circuit element, comprising a nonli

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a topologically protected ?/8-gate which becomes universal when combined with the gates available through quasi-particle braiding and planar quasi-particle interferometry. A twisted interferometer, and a planar ?/8-gate in CTS, implemented with the help of the twisted interferometer, are disclosed. Embodiments are described in the context of state X (CTS) supported by an ISH, although the concept of a twisted-interferometer is more general and has relevance to all anionic, i.e. quasiparticle systems.

Abstract: An optical element is disclosed which includes transparent superconductor material.

Abstract: A new class of superconducting compositions, and methods for making and using them are described. These compositions exhibit superconductivity at temperatures in excess of 26° K. and are comprised of transition metal oxides having at least one additional element therein which may create a multi-valent state of the transition metal oxide. The composition can be a ceramic-like material having a layer-like crystalline structure, where the structure is distorted having either an oxygen excess or deficiency. An example is RE-AE-TM-O, where RE is a rare earth or rare earth-like element, AE is an alkaline earth element, TM is a transition metal element (such as Cu) and O is oxygen.

Abstract: A measuring device for measuring the alternating current (AC) loss of a high-temperature superconductor is disclosed. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the device includes a pulse power supply unit, which outputs pulse power in a cycle, a lead wire, which is formed on both sides of the pulse power supply unit and applies the pulse power to a superconductor, a degaussing coil unit, which is connected to one side of the superconductor and cancels an inductive voltage, a shunt unit, which is serially connected between one side of the degaussing coil unit and one side of the pulse power supply unit, and a measurement unit, which is connected to both ends of the shunt unit and measures an electric current flowing through the superconductor.

Abstract: A method is proposed for producing a biaxially textured metal substrate having a metal surface, wherein the substrate is modified in order to produce a high-temperature superconductor coating arrangement and wherein the metal surface is modified in order to deposit a buffer layer or another intermediate layer epitaxially thereon and/or to deposit an oriented high-temperature superconductor (HTS) layer thereon. The method includes producing a biaxially textured metal substrate, subjecting the metal substrate surface to a polishing treatment, in particular an electropolishing treatment, and subjecting the metal substrate to a post-annealing after the surface polishing treatment and before a subsequent coating is performed involving epitaxial deposition of a layer of the HTS coating arrangement. This method results in smooth metal substrates with high textural overcoats and thereby improved HTS layers.

Abstract: A particle trap and an associated method of trapping particles are provided. The particle trap includes a body formed of a high temperature superconductor (HTS). The body defines a cavity therethrough. The particle trap also includes first and second HTS end plates or first and second electrodes positioned at opposite ends of the cavity. At least one of the end plates or at least one of the electrodes defines at least one opening into the cavity to permit charged particles to enter and exit the cavity.

Abstract: The films of this invention are high temperature superconducting (HTS) thin films specifically optimized for microwave and RF applications. In particular, this invention focuses on compositions with a significant deviation from the 1:2:3 stoichiometry in order to create the films optimized for microwave/RF applications. The RF/microwave HTS applications require the HTS thin films to have superior microwave properties, specifically low surface resistance, Rs, and highly linear surface reactance, Xs, i.e. high JIMD. As such, the invention is characterized in terms of its physical composition, surface morphology, superconducting properties, and performance characteristics of microwave circuits made from these films.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of processing a wafer using multilayer processing sequences and Multi-Layer/Multi-Input/Multi-Output (MLMIMO) models and libraries that can include one or more measurement procedures, one or more Poly-Etch (P-E) sequences, and one or more metal-gate etch sequences. The MLMIMO process control uses dynamically interacting behavioral modeling between multiple layers and/or multiple process steps. The multiple layers and/or the multiple process steps can be associated with the creation of lines, trenches, vias, spacers, contacts, and gate structures that can be created using isotropic and/or anisotropic etch processes.

Abstract: We describe a superconducting magnet system for generating a uniform magnetic field. The system has at least three magnets in two sets, a first of the sets comprising an oppositely disposed pair of superconducting magnets, a second of the sets comprising at least one further magnet. The further magnet is disposed such that there exists a 3D region in which a magnet field produced by the further magnet is substantially parallel to a magnetic field produced by the pair of superconducting magnets. One of the sets of magnets is configured to produce first, bulk component of the magnetic field in the 3D region and a second of the sets of magnets is configured to produce a correction to the bulk component of the magnetic field in the 3D region to reduce a non-uniformity of the bulk component of the magnetic field in the 3D region.

Abstract: A superconducting fault current-limiter is provided, including a superconducting element configured to resistively or inductively limit a fault current, and one or more variable-impedance shunts electrically coupled in parallel with the superconducting element. The variable-impedance shunt(s) is configured to present a first impedance during a superconducting state of the superconducting element and a second impedance during a normal resistive state of the superconducting element. The superconducting element transitions from the superconducting state to the normal resistive state responsive to the fault current, and responsive thereto, the variable-impedance shunt(s) transitions from the first to the second impedance.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a superconducting power grid having one or more AC/DC converters. The superconducting grid may further include one or more pairs of superconducting DC cables connecting each AC/DC converter. Each pair of superconducting DC cables may include a first positive polarity cable and a first negative polarity cable. The grid may also include at least one switching device configured to operatively connect at least one of the first and second AC/DC converters with at least one of the pairs of superconducting DC cables, the switching device further configured to adjust the polarity of at least one of the polarity cables. Other embodiments and implementations are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A cryostat (1) with a magnet coil system including superconductors for the production of a magnet field B0 in a measuring volume (3) within a room temperature bore (2) of the cryostat has a plurality of radially nested solenoid-shaped coil sections (4, 5, 6) which surround the room temperature bore and which are electrically connected in series, at least one of which being an LTS section (5, 6) with a conventional low temperature superconductor (LTS) and at least one of which being an HTS section (4) including a high temperature superconductor (HTS), wherein the LTS section (5, 6) is located in a helium tank (9) of the cryostat (1) along with liquid helium at a helium temperature TL. The apparatus is characterized in that the HTS section (4) is disposed radially within the LTS section (5, 6) in a vacuum portion of the cryostat and is separated from the LTS section (5, 6) by the helium tank (9) wall (9a) facing the room temperature bore.

Abstract: A miniundulator that includes a first bobbin and a second bobbin parallel to and spaced from the first bobbin, and a superconductive wire wound around the outer surfaces of the first bobbin and the second bobbin, and method for the assembly of the miniundulator are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a room-temperature superconductor that has a very simple structure and enters a state of superconductivity at room temperature. Also, there is provided a method for making the room-temperature superconductor. Further, there is provided a protonic conductor having superconductivity at room temperature. The room-temperature superconductor comprises a substance composed of graphene and a proton donor.

Abstract: A super-conductive nanoparticle, a super-conductive nanoparticle powder, and a lithium battery including the super-conductive nanoparticle powder.

Abstract: A conductor arrangement for a resistive switching element, has at least first and second conductor connections disposed in a mutual plane adjacent to each other and insulated against each other. The composite conductors each have two conductor parts extending parallel, and forming a bifilar construction. The conductor parts are constructed from at least one superconducting conductor band. The composite conductors are formed into a coil winding, wherein the windings thereof substantially extend in the manner of a spiral, and are insulated against each other by a spacer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high temperature superconducting film and an apparatus for fabricating a high temperature superconducting film in a vacuum chamber through auxiliary cluster beam spraying using an evaporation method, wherein a high temperature superconducting material is deposited on a substrate in a vapor state by evaporating the high temperature superconducting material, and at the same time, a cluster beam material is formed into gas atoms by heating the cluster beam material charged in a material housing, and the formed gas atoms pass through a nozzle of an inlet of the material housing and then are sprayed and grown on the substrate in the form of the cluster beam, thereby forming pinning centers in the high temperature superconducting film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cooling fluid path structure for a superconducting rotating machine, which includes: a fixed inlet fluid path fixed together with the fluid supply means; a rotating inlet fluid path adjacently connected to an outlet of the fixed inlet fluid path, which is for transferring the cooling fluid transferred from the fixed inlet fluid path to a cooling fluid path inlet provided in the rotor while rotating together with the rotor; a rotating outlet fluid path rotating together with the rotor, to which the cooling fluid discharged from a cooling fluid path outlet of the rotor is transferred; and a fixed outlet fluid path adjacently connected to the rotating outlet fluid path, which is for transferring the cooling fluid transferred from the rotating outlet fluid path to the fluid supply means while being fixed together with the fluid supply means, wherein the rotating outlet fluid path and the fixed outlet fluid path are disposed in such a manner that they surround outside of the rotating inlet fluid pat

Abstract: Operational characteristics of an extremely low resistance (“ELR”) film comprised of an ELR material may be improved by depositing a modifying material onto appropriate surfaces of the ELR film to create a modified ELR film. In some implementations of the invention, the ELR film may be in the form of a “c-film.” In some implementations of the invention, the ELR film may be in the form of an “a-b film,” an “a-film” or a “b-film.” The modified ELR film has improved operational characteristics over the ELR film alone or without the modifying material. Such operational characteristics may include operating in an ELR state at increased temperatures, carrying additional electrical charge, operating with improved magnetic properties, operating with improved mechanic properties or other improved operational characteristics. In some implementations of the invention, the ELR material is a mixed-valence copper-oxide perovskite, such as, but not limited to YBCO.

Abstract: Operational characteristics of an high temperature superconducting (“HTS”) film comprised of an HTS material may be improved by depositing a modifying material onto appropriate surfaces of the HTS film to create a modified HTS film. In some implementations of the invention, the HTS film may be in the form of a “c-film.” In some implementations of the invention, the HTS film may be in the form of an “a-b film,” an “a-film” or a “b-film.” The modified HTS film has improved operational characteristics over the HTS film alone or without the modifying material. Such operational characteristics may include operating in a superconducting state at increased temperatures, carrying additional electrical charge, operating with improved magnetic properties, operating with improved mechanic properties or other improved operational characteristics. In some implementations of the invention, the HTS material is a mixed-valence copper-oxide perovskite, such as, but not limited to YBCO.