Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a nonmagnetic substrate and at least one ferromagnetic metal layer applied thereon and a protective layer formed on this metal layer and consisting of a compound which consists of an unfluorinated or partially fluorinated alkyl radical and a disulfide, hydroxyl or keto group.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing and/or purifying perfluoroalkanes, particularly from perfluoroalkanes which contain polyfluoroalkane by-products from their production process, in which the perfluoroalkanes are stabilized and/or purified by reacting the polyfluoroalkane(s) with fluorine at elevated pressure and temperature, to obtain perfluoroalkanes which are substantially free of polyfluoroalkanes. The method has the advantage that the perfluorination takes place rapidly and without significant formation of by-products or decomposition products.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1,1-trichlorotrifluoroethane in which 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane is subjected to chlorination by bringing the 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane into contact with chlorine within a reaction vessel characterized in that the process is conducted in the liquid phase in the presence of a chemical free radical initiator under a pressure of from 1 to 20 bar and at a temperature within the range 50.degree. to 120.degree. C., and the product is separated from the reaction mixture by fractional distillation.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane in which chlorination of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane is carried out in the presence of activated carbon by feeding chlorine and hydrogen into a reactor simultaneously or sequentially, thereby enhancing the selectivity to 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane without lowering the conversion of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of hydrofluorocarbons by the reaction of selected relatively low modular weight saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and corresponding partially halogenated hydrocarbons with elemental fluorine in the vapor phase. By selecting the ratio of F.sub.2 / substrate in combination with reaction temperature and reactor residence time the extent of fluorination of a substrate and degree of overfluorination can be controlled. Thus, starting with 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CH.sub.3 CF.sub.3 (HFC-143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.3 (HFC-134a) is produced by simple thermal fluorination even in the presence of simultaneous formation of pentafluoroethane HFC-125. The use of compounds highly reactive toward fluorine are shown to promote the selective fluorination of partially fluorinated substrates.

Abstract: Compounds having acidic protons and a molecular structure which can delocalize the electron density of the conjugate base (target compounds) are chlorinated by contacting such compounds with a perchloroalkane and aqueous base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst which is an tetraalkylammonium hydroxide. Chlorinated products, preferably gem-dichloro compounds, are produced. The gem-dichloro compounds are useful for alkylation of aromatic compounds. For instance fluorene is chlorinated to form 9,9-dichlorofluorene which is reacted with such compounds as phenol or aniline to form such compounds as 9,9-bis(hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(aminophenyl)fluorene, or 9-aminophenyl-9-chlorofluorene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a production method of generating pentafluorophenyl alkali metal salt represented by a general formula C.sub.6 F.sub.5 M (M denotes an alkali metal ion) by reacting pentafluorobenzene represented by C.sub.6 HF.sub.5 with an organometallic compound represented by a general formula RM (R denotes a hydrocarbon group of 1.about.10 carbon number which may contain a functional group having no influence on the reaction.

Abstract: 2-Fluoroperfluoroalkylcyclohexene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having up to 18 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by CN or by at least one halogen and in which one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by a radical selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- and --C.ident.C--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each, independently of one another,a) a 1,4-phenylene radical, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N,b) a 1,4-cyclohexylene radical, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- or --S--,c) a 1,4-cyclohexenylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene or naphthalene-2,6-diyl radical,where the radicals a) and b) may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen atoms, cyano groups and/or methyl groups,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --C.ident.C--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --OCH.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides 1) novel reactive fluorinated compounds derived from a specified class of telomers or cotelomers of fluoroolefins; and 2) stable products and stable polymers thereof obtained by reaction or polycondensation of the novel reactive fluorinated compounds with specified classes of hydrogenated aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic reactive compounds, telechelic oligomers and block polymers wherein said stable products and polymers contain hetero atoms such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen and are characterized by high thermal and chemical resistance.

Abstract: Hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane forms an azeotropic mixture. A mixture comprising hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane is phase separated when it is cooled to a temperature below 7.degree. C. 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-chloroethane is purified effectively from the mixture by cooling the mixture to form an upper liquid phase and a lower liquid phase and distilling the lower liquid phase so that the hydrogen fluoride is removed as an azeotropic distillate and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane substantially free from hydrogen fluoride is obtained as a bottom product.

Abstract: A process for production of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane comprising chlorination of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with chlorine gas in the presence or absence of a metal salt as a catalyst.

Abstract: Halogenated aromatics are prepared by heating halogenoformic acid esters to 80.degree. to 280.degree. C. in the presence of hydrogen fluoride or a catalytic amount of one or more Lewis acids from the group comprising aluminium halides, iron halides and antimony halides, and in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A catalyic process is disclosed for producing CF.sub.3 CHClF from CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 F by chlorination at elevated temperature. Suitable catalysts for the process include carbon catalysts and catalysts wherein halides of certain metals (La, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ru, Rh, and/or Pt) are supported on carbon.

Abstract: A difluorinated hydrocarbon compound represented by the general formula (1) is reacted with cobalt trifluoride to give a trifluorinated hydrocarbon compound represented by the general formula (2), wherein R represents lower alkyl and R' and R" represent each hydrogen, halogen or lower alkyl which may be halogenated. The reacton proceeds under mild conditions to yield the objective compound with high selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of perfluoroalkyl iodides containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms by thermal telomerization of tetrafluoroethylene by pentafluoroethyl iodide or heptafluoroisopropyl iodide in a tubular reactor.According to the invention, 30 to 75% of the tetrafluoroethylene is supplied at the head of the reactor; the remainder is introduced at a point in the reactor located between the 2/5 and 3/4 of the length of the tube.The proportion of undesirable heavy telomers is reduced in this way.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkane containing fluorine by contacting a halogenated alkane containing at least one hydrogen atom and at least one halogen atom selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine with a transition metal fluoride selected from osmium hexafluoride, iridium hexafluoride, rhenium hexafluoride, ruthenium pentafluoride, chromium pentafluoride, vanadium pentafluoride, rhenium heptafluoride and uranium hexafluoride, whereby to replace at least one hydrogen atom or at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine atom in said halogenated alkane starting material by a fluorine atom.Use of certain of the defined transition metal fluorides, e.g. OsF.sub.6, IrF.sub.6 and ReF.sub.6 allows the selective replacement of halogen by fluorine, while others, e.g. UF.sub.6, VF.sub.5 and ReF.sub.7 allow selective replacement of hydrogen by fluorine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by chlorinating 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane, in which the chlorination is carried out under an elevated pressure. The pressure is preferably 10 to 400 bar, particularly 50 to 250 bar. If the reaction is initiated by heat, it is preferably carried out at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. If it is initiated by a free-radical starter, the reaction is preferably carried out at 150.degree. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel, catalyst-free method for preparing brominated telomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene. The process comprises reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene with a brominated telogen at a temperature in excess of 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to produce the telomer.

Abstract: A process for production of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane comprising chlorinationo f 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with chlorine gas in the presence or absence of a metal salt as a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for production of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane comprising reacting 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with hydrogen chloride and oxygen in the presence of a metal salt as a catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyic process is disclosed for producing CCl.sub.3 CF.sub.3 from CHCl.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2 ClCF.sub.3 and/or CH.sub.3 CF.sub.3 by chlorination at elevated temperature. Suitable catalysts for the process include carbon catalysts and catalysts wherein halides of certain metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ru, Rh, and/or Pt) are supported on carbon.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a fluorine-containing organic compound which comprises reacting a sulphonyl halide of the formula:RfSO.sub.2 Xwhere Rf represents a fluorinated organic radical and X represents a halogen atom, with a reactive organic halide in the presence of a metal known to complex with fluorinated organic radicals.

Abstract: Fluorinated diazabicycloalkane derivative of the following Formula I: ##STR1## wherein n represents 0, 1 or 2; R represents a quaternizing organic group; each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl-substituted aryl or aryl-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl and each X.sup.- independently represents a conterion or 2X.sup.- represents a single divalent counterion, are electrophilic fluorinating agents.

Abstract: Synthesis use of a new class of diaryliodonium salt photo and thermal polymerization initiators in which the aryl groups are substituted with alkoxy group bearing hydroxy groups. Good to excellent yields are obtained of diaryliodonium salts in which the aryl groups are substituted with long chain alkoxy groups, which alkoxy groups also possess at least one hydroxyl moiety attached at the 2-position of an alkoxy group. The resultant salts have enhanced solubility when compared with their lower molecular weight counterparts. The hydroxyl groups serve as chain transfer agents; and, in cross linking UV-induced cationic polymerizations, the hydroxyl groups effect marked accelertion on polymerization rates. The salts also have excellent compatability with nonpolar monomers such as epoxidized oil and poly(1,2-butadience oxide) and provide further benefits when they are used along with copper cocatalysts in thermally curable polymer systems.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a perfluoroorganic compound, which comprises fluorinating a partially fluorinated or unfluorinated organic compound having carbon-to-fluorine bonds under mild conditions and then, contacting the resulting reaction mixture with a fluorine gas at a temperature of 110.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: The novel series of quinoline-, naphthyridine- and benzoxazine-carboxylic acids useful as antibacterial agents is described. Novel methods for preparing the compounds as well as novel intermediates are also described as are methods for their formulation and the use thereof in treating bacterial infections.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a perfluoro organic compound, which comprises fluorinating a partially fluorinated or unfluorinated organic compound having carbon-to-fluorine bonds under mild conditions and then, contacting the resulting reaction mixture with a fluorine gas at a temperature of 110.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing aromatic fluorides by diazotization-fluorination in hydrogen fluoride wherein the diazotized reaction mixture includes an oxidizing agent such as nitrosonium ion from excess diazotization agent. The improvement includes, prior to decomposing the diazonium fluoride, adding to the diazotized reaction mixture a member selected from hydrazine, aromatic hydrazine, semi-carbazide, thio-semicarbazide, acid salts thereof, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfate, and sodium bisulfite to remove at least a portion of the oxidizing agent. Urea was found to be ineffective.

Abstract: Pentafluorotellurium hypohalites are reacted with fluorocarbon iodides to form intermediate adducts which are thereafter decomposed to form fluorocarbons containing the TeF.sub.5 O-- group.

Abstract: A mechanical vapor recompression heat pump system wherein the working fluid is a saturated fluorohydrocarbon or fluorohydrocarbon ether having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms or a fluorinated amine containing up to 6 carbon atoms and having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of X and X.sup.1, independently, represents hydrogen or fluorine,R represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical,n represents an integer from 1 to 4,each of m and q represents an integer from 0 to 2,p represents an integer from 0 to 4 provided thatp is not zero when X.sup.1 is fluorine, andr represents an integer from 1 to 3;or the formula: ##STR2## wherein W represents hydrogen or fluorine, a represents an integer from 3 to 5, b represents an integer from 1 to 3 and c represents an integer from 0 to 2 provided that c is not zero when W is fluorine.

Abstract: The compound 1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane is prepared in high yield by contacting 1,1-difluoroethylene and chlorine in the presence of a free radical initiator in a liquid reaction medium.

Abstract: Octafluoropropane or perfluoropropane is produced by introducing fluorine into an elongated inner zone surrounded by a porous member which is substantially resistant to fluorine corrosion and introducing a three carbon compound which is propane, a partially fluorinated propane, propene, a partially fluorinated propene, hexafluoropropene or mixtures thereof outside the porous member. When the porous member is metal, a perfluorinated diluent is used. When the porous member is fused alumina, conventional diluents such as nitrogen, or even no diluent may be employed.

Abstract: New 1,1,1-triaryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanes in which the aryl radicals carry one or more substitutents have been prepared by condensation of trifluoroacetophenones with substituted phenyl compounds in the presence of catalytic quantities of trifluoromethylsulfonic acid. The reaction can be carried out under reflux in toluene or, for strikingly better results in certain cases, reactants are simply stirred at room temperature for about 24 to 48 hours.